"Novik" - he Mea Luku o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa

Ka hoʻomaka o XX kenekulia i koho ia e ka kokololio kūpono 'ana o ka Russian aupuni a pau i loko o nā' ano o ka pale hana. 'Aʻole i mālama ka wikiwiki a me ka nui nā mea kū a me ka shipbuilding.

He lilo iho la i ka "Novik" kekahi o na moku loa kupaianaha o ka Lūkini Moana. I ka mea i anai ai i poʻokela seaworthiness a me ka maneuverability, e leie aku ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka moku i keʻano o ka hana.

elue

Ke kaua me Japan hoike mai i ka nawaliwali, a me ka hoʻonawaiwali o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa. Mai ke kālā i loko o ka waihona waiwai no ka Hōʻano hou moku kaua ua ole, moku hai mai i ka ohi ana i ke dala no ka hana ana i ka naau mai nā haʻawina o ka hou moku. Mau dala? Oaony e kūkulu kekahi mau moku o kekahi papa. Iwaena o lakou - o ka poʻe luku aku, dreadnoughts a me ka luku aku.

papahana

ʻO nā kānakaʻenehana a hou oaoieei-hana nui loa ia no ka hanaia'na o ka moku i ua haawiia mai. I pepehi,ʻano "Novik" i, e hālāwai me nā koi o kēia manawa: ka mea, i ia e hoʻokēʻaiʻana, ua pono-i mākaukau a me ka paʻa. Kōmike 'ano o ka prototype e e like penei:

• mämä holo - e heleia 36 huahelu;
• ana i piha haawe - ma kahi o 33 knots;
• mana pa alima mana mea kanu - Turbines Parsons.

Ua hana nui i ka hana i na nā kānakaʻenehana o ka manawa. Nolaila, hoihoi poe i hai mai i ka kūwaho hoʻi Competition no ka manao o ka mokuʻano "Novik". he hou ka hanauna o ka wahi lulu shipbuilders hoihoi i loko o ka mea make.

Ke Komisina i mōhai aku nō Creighton shipyard a me Nevsky, Putilov a me Admiralty nā hale hana. Ma hope o ka halawai hope ana o ka papahana ike i ka uwa o ka Putilov mea kanu, ma i i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, "Novik". I ka mea i anai ai i? Ac? E ka hui o nā kānakaʻenehana alakaʻiʻia e DD Dubitsky, poe kupuna makuakane ka me mechanical hapa o ka moku, a me bo Vasilevsky i kauoha o ka shipbuilding.

? ieoaeunoai

A ma ka 1907, i ka pā hale o ka "Novik" i mua, ua hui pū i loko o ka manao. A houʻano o ka mea luku i waiho ia ma ka Putilov shipyard i ka 1910. I ka hana 'Imi komo German poe "Volcano", a ua hana i ka manao, paka, a e hoʻouka ma luna o ka moku i ka olelo hoopomaikai, a kŘpa a ikaika ieoaeunoai-mīkini peahi uila mea hoʻonoho ma luna o ka mea luku "Novik".

moku Nails maikai-pila hāpa e like me ka pau 'ana o ka moku. Maluna o ka papa o ke kūkulu o ka poʻe luku aku kiai aku i ke kime o NV Forester, ka mea i malama ia e like me ka lutanela colonel i loko o ka pūʻali kaua moana nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone, Kapena mau pūʻali nā kānakaʻenehana a me mechanics'auwaʻa Kravchenko GK Luna Nui lunaʻenehana no ka papahana i KA Tennyson.

Ke ano o ka moku

I October 1913 no ka manawa mua loa ia i haʻalele i nā docks maoli haaheo o ka Lūkini Moana - ka luku "Novik". Photo o ke anaina o St. Petersburg, a e hele ana ma luna o ka Neva embankment hālāwai i ka uʻi moku, mea pōmaikaʻi, ola. Nupepa i ka manawa kuhikuhi mai ia i hele mai i na kanaka e mahalo i ka mea make hou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i kūkuluʻia kēia moku e like me ka rula o ka hou 'enehana ka. Ka moku Ua lako pono me ka helu nui o ka torpedo paipu, kokololio-102-millimeter mea kaua, iluna no me ka mea no ka mea hoʻonoho minefields lilo archpriest o Lūkini torpedo a me ka mea kaua moku kaua ao manao. Eia hou kekahi,, i lako pono i ka "Novik" ka mea i anai ai me ka ma-papa nenoai o salvo ahi - i ka wā hoʻokahi volley o nā pū ewalu ana ia i ka wale kaa i loko o kona papa.

Kekahi hanana mea e like ai i kona māmā holo - no ka lōʻihi manawa (a 1917) ka mea, ua i ka wale moku i hiki hoʻomōhala, a malama i ka mämä holo o ka ma 37 knots.

Ka mua World

I ka wā o ka Russian aupuni a komo World War II, "Novik" Ua kākau inoa i loko o ka cruisers o ka Baltic'auwaʻa poe. I kona kaua mua, ua hele mai September 1, 1914. Ke kaua kaa ua pinepine mālama 'kuokoa hakakā, e hilinai ana ma luna o kona mau ikaika a me ka rapidity. I ke kauwela o 1915 ma ke awawa o Riga lua mau Kelemānia poʻe luku aku, ka mea i aoia mai i ka 'imi, a poho iho ka moku.

"Novik" ke kime ua hiki ke huli e hoouka aku laua a elua, hoopai 'inoʻino loa artelleriyskim ke ahi. A ua nui kēia mau holomua koa hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka moʻoleloʻohana o ka moku.

nā makahiki

Iloko o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, ke kaʻao "Novik" Ua mothballed. Wale nō ma hope o ke Kanawai War, i loko o ka makahiki 1925,ʻo ia akaaka malu i ka hapa ke kūkulu houʻana a me ka modernization. Ka moku i Kapa hou i ke. Ano, i ka inoa o ka mea kaʻao luku kekahi o na luna o ke kipi - ". Yakov Sverdlov"

I ka pau ana o umikumamalima makahiki, i hoouna aku ai i ka Baltic'auwaʻa kaua i ka moku, a ua hoʻohana 'ia no aʻo hana. Ma June 1941, ka wā hostilities wawahi mai ma ka hikina ke alo, ka mea i hooholoia e evacuate na moku manuwa. Ka paukū i ka hoʻokoloʻana a me ka "Novik". I ka mea i anai ai, a no ka manawa i nui loa hoomalu pono i nā moku'ē aʻe o nā minefields, oia ku i koʻu. Pela i pau ai i ke ala kaao.