Pablo Neruda: A pōkole Kawaihae, poetry a me kaʻike hoʻokumu. GBOU lyceum № 1568 i kapaia o Pablo Neruda

Ilya Ehrenburg i kapaia ka haku mele o ka happiest ke kanaka i loko o ke ao nei. Me ka leo nui i ka'ōlelo, nae, e hiki e ae. Ma hope o Neruda i kona wa e ola ana i manao like me ka waiwai o ka mea Amelika Lakina'āinapuniʻole. Ma ka USSR, ka mea, ua hoi aloha. Top AaOAaXIeAePEEeIeX hana ma luna o kona mau hāʻina o nā haʻawina. Makemake e ike hou aku e pili ana ia? A laila, heluhelu i kēia 'atikala.

Ke ola o Pablo Neruda mea waiwai i loko o mawaho hanana. Hânau 'ia Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basualto - keia mea i ka inoa maoli o ka haku mele - i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Parral, ma ke kikowaena hapa o Chile. Kēia hanana ana July 12, 1904.

Ke kumu o ka haku mele

Kona makua kāne i kekahi Railroad alakaʻi mele - Ua ukali pūʻia kekahi mau ukali e lawe ana i na iliili. make iho la kona makuwahine o tuberculosis ka mahina ma hope o ke keiki. Makua remarried a hoʻoneʻe i ka 'ohana a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Temuco, i mea iki a hiki i ke kūkulu hema. Aia i ke keiki a nui mai. Pablo Neruda hoopaa mahalo Memories o ka stepmother. He palapala iho la ia ia i ke ano a me ka akahai wahine i paʻa i ka kua'āina Quotes. Ua ua mau fussed, a malama iho o ka pau.

Hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka Lycée

I ka 6 makahiki, ua laweʻia ka keiki a hiki i ke kula kiʻekiʻe. Ua, Pablo Neruda ua hoihoi i ka heluhelu, au hoomaka e haku `ia ia iho. First poem paʻi ma ka nupepa, oiai no nā haumāna o ka Lyceum. Ua i laila i ka inoa kapakapa i hānau - ma ka ho'āʻoʻana, e hūnā poetic aʻo mai i kona makua kāne, ka mea i ike i loko o ia i ke kumu o ka maʻi neuspevaniya keiki ma ka makemakika. Ua koho ia ka inoa ma lalo o ka wini kakala o ka manawa - Pablo iʻono ai kekahi o nā moʻolelo o nā Classics Czech o ka hope kenekulia Yana Nerudy, a me ke keiki ike i i na aʻo nui, a lilo Neruda. Hope keia inoa i hoahu iho la no ia ma ka oihana hana - ia i komo i loko o ka palapala holo'āina'ē.

First uku, ka mua haul

I ka pau maka o ke kanaka opiopio, ua hoʻoneʻe i Santiago, a komo aku la i ke kumu kiʻina aʻo Institute, i ua ma ka Moscow kula nui. Here ia i aʻo 'ōlelo Pelekānia a me Palani. A laila, lanakila Pablo Neruda i ka makana mua no ka poem i kapaia "Holiday Song" i loko o ka haumāna Competition. A 19-makahiki-kahiko Neruda i ka mea kākau o ka poetry ohi "Collection o sunsets," i ka waiwai e lilo aku o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka mea ana i uku ma ka kuai i ka hiʻohiʻona waiwai. E like laila ka mea, höÿike i kona kai poetic temperament - Neruda hoʻomanaʻo aʻela ia i kākau ai i loko o 2, 3, 4 a me 5 poem no ka lā. Holo nōhie ka mea, ua he pastoral poetry, haumāna a me ka imitative. Akā nō fragile poetic leo i ālai ia 'lawe ai i ka manao nui, a lilo iho la ia i kona noʻeau credo. Pablo Neruda kakau iho la ia ia i makemake e lilo i ka haku mele, a makemake uhi i loko o kāna hana i mea i hiki. He makemake e merge i nā hanana, kuko, ano a me ke kanaka, a me ka mea a pau keia i ua hōʻike ma ka pilina.

I aku ai i ua makahiki, i pili Neruda i pili aupuni haʻawina, e kakau i ka nupepa 'atikala ma ka nohona nīnūnē, e komo ia i loko o ka hana o ka uniona kālepa a me ka haumāna nā kaiapili.

Kanikela, ka hele ana

E hele ana i loko o ka piha papa o ke kula,, Neruda mea i wikiwiki, e hoʻomaka ka hana ke ola. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi imi e kiʻi i kekahi kalaiaina lāʻau kū, a me ka hope i ka makahiki 1927, ua lilo kanikele i loko o Rangoon, kapikala o Burma. Keia "hana" (ka mea hoomanao ia ponoʻekolu malama ka mea, he e lawe mai kūhelu dute) hiki ke kapaia he sinecure, paha ka mea, ua maikaʻi-ka uku, akā, i kekahi mau hoa o ka opiopio haku mele - ilihune - i ole kekahi mea i pono. Neruda laila laila 'o ia i Ceylon (e - Sri Lanka), kipa ae la no hoi oia etc. East waiwai pokole o ko ke ao nei, e haawi ana i ka hana o ko Neruda ka universality, kekahi i olelo China, Japan, Argentina, - .. Cosmic, i mea ano o ka oʻo haku mele.

"E noho ai - Honua"

Hoomakaukau ia e na nā manaʻo loaa ma ka buke i kapaia, ae hōʻike ana i kēia mau ike: "e noho ai - Honua". Hele aku la ia mai i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli, ka wā Neruda hoʻolimalima i mua he wahi Chilean Kanikela ma Madrid. A laila, i ka haku mele hoʻomanaʻo aʻela i kēia ohi, i lawe mai iā ia i kaulana i ka piha o kona mau puke me ke kaumaha loa brushwork a me ka oiaio o ke ola. Launa 'atikala ia Gabriela Mistral, alaila ike iho la i loko o ", pili expressiveness Neruda" hiʻona o ka aina vernacular. Hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kēia puke iaoia palaka wiwo' ole, ākeʻakeʻa kumu associativity Neruda mālama i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Kālai'āina mau koho a me kā lākou mau mea hoʻomaoe

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka Spanish Kanawai War Neruda komo i loko o ka kaua pili aupuni ma kaʻaoʻao Republican, kākau poetry haul "Spain i loko o ka naʻau". Ke Aupuni o Chile ua nana aloha mai i ka hana like incompatible me ka kalaiaina kia, a laila 'o ia iā ia i ka lāʻau kū o ka Kanikela ma Palika. Ma ka manawa o ka kāna hana ua haʻalele ma hope manawa, a ua he haku mele kaulana kuai lilo ma Chile, 150 kilomika, mai ke poʻo, waiwai Kauhale "Isla Negra" (Black Island).

Neruda lilo i Communist

Kona sympathies pili aupuni ka mea, i nā hoopahaohao - i ka makahiki 1945, ua hui i ka Communist Party o Chile, a me ka mai 1959 o he l & acirclâ 'o kona Central Komite. No ka Latinos, ka mea e hoʻolaha i, he pono ole. Nā kumu o ka pili aupuni-yeiiiie? Aneiai backwardness o ko lākou mau'āina e ike i ka poe pono ole nohona'ōnaehana, niioaaonoaaiii, a me ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana o ka nana ana ma ka lawelawe loli wale nō ka manaʻo pilikia. No ka Neruda ka individualism mea i unacceptable. Ma ka lalo o ka Nobel, i mai la, koho ae la oia i ka paakiki ala, a i hookaawale ai i na kanaka kuleana, a me ka hoomana ana o ke kanaka e like me ka waenakonu o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ka makemake o nā poʻe koa he lehulehu o ka haahaa hana, a hiki i kekahi manawa e kuhihewa,, relentlessly nae höʻike ana.

I ka Ia manawa ka mea, hoowahawaha mai individualism, o Laielohelohe ma ka manaʻo o ka meʻe. I kona emi makahiki Neruda hoʻomanaʻo aʻela ia i ka pouliʻaoʻao o ka manawa o ke kanaka cult ua i pahu mai o kona mau manao i ke kiʻi o Stalin, he kanaka ikaika ia iho, "Titanic e hoʻomalu" o ke kipi i loko o Rusia. Mai na ana i hele pu me keia "titanic ka hoomaluia mai," i huli aku Neruda, mai nā ka nui o kēia mau mea e ole hoʻololi i ka pā like. A noho iholaʻo ia a hiki i ka hopena.

Hana i loko o ka lāʻau kū o Senator, i ka holo ana a hiki i Argentina

Kekahi o ka loa ma ko Episode i loko o ka moʻoleloʻohana o Neruda pili me ke kia-kaua wā. Ma ke koho balota ana kai eʻe ma ka makahiki 1947,ʻo ia kākoʻo i ka candidacy o Gonzalez Videla, mai skimp ma o ka olelo hoopomaikai. He lilo peresidena o Chile, a me Neruda Ua koho ia he kenekoa. Naʻe, i loko o kaʻino Amelika Lakina loina, Videla hele mai la i ka mana, hoomaka ae la kekahi papakaukau hoomaau o nā kākoʻo kahiko, a me ka Communists. Ma muli o, Neruda i loko o ka 'Aha Kenekoa i ka lae'ōlelo i loko o ka mea, ina i käpae' theatricality, i mai la "Jʻaccuse!" Me hookahi Zola. A mahina ma hope, ua i ka olelo hooholo o kona hopu ia ana. Au i ka hele i loko o ka holo peʻeʻana, a laila kahikoia holoholona drover, holo ma na kuahiwi o Argentina. Life i loko o ke pioʻana i piha me nā huakaʻi i kekahi'āina, komo i loko o ka World Ahaolelo o malu, a pela aku.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

I ka makahiki 1969, Neruda koho ia no ka mea koho pelekikena ke koho i loko o Chile, akā, alaila e kaili ia i loko o ka lokomaikai o Salvador Allende. A me ka lanakila o ka hope Neruda lilo kēlā i nāʻelele o Chile ma Farani, e aoia oukou e ia nā kumu kāki no ka Nobel makana ia ia. Akā, nui maʻi poe koa i ka haku mele, e hoʻi i ka hale. He make i loko o ka Kauhalenui haukapila 12 lā ma hope o ka koko coup aupuni (23 Kepakemapa 1973).

exhumation

He hana hoihoi i aneane 40 makahiki ma hope o kona make ana, no laila, i ke kino i ua malalo iho a hiki i ka exhumation. Kona AIM ua e loaʻa mai i ke kumu maoli i alakai aku ai i ka make ana o ka haku mele. Ka mea i make i ka Nobel laureate ma lalo loa pohihihi ana. He make 12 lā ma hope o ka oihana koa junta hopu mana i loko o Chile. Ka make palapala i oleloia i ke kumu o ka mea i mālama ai i prostate Ka maʻi 'aʻai. Akā makamaka i hoike mai i kekahi mau hola ma mua o kona make ana, Neruda i olelo mai ai, e neʻe kū kaʻawale, ua i loko o na uhane maikai. Kona make i hele mai ma hope o ka ka pahu kui, i ia e ia i loko o ka haukapila. , Mālama 'ia ma 2011, i ka Ka Ikepili hoʻopaʻa i ka hopena kakauia mai e lapaau.

Ka Ikepiliʻike hoʻokumu Neruda

Ma ka postwar makahiki, Neruda i no he wahi lihi iki o ke kākau 'ana. Loa, ka mea i hana 40 hoʻokaʻawale, mea repetitive puke. Kona poetry ua unuhi i loko o nā 'ōlelo' ē (Italian Salvatore Quasimodo unuhi ia), ka mea, ua eo nā hualoaʻa a iaia, akāʻo ia i mau pu ma o ka haku mele o ka manaʻo maikaʻi, paha maikaʻi loa, akā, ua "excessive", chaotic, hokai ana. Neruda hiki he somehow nui huikau, ka mea, aneane primitive, he prone e rhetoric a me ka verbosity, ma pōkole, ka haku mele, ka mea me kona C. Brewer pono 'aʻole i kō nā koi i o ka pono ho'āʻoʻana i loko o moʻokalaleo. It pela mea i na manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni o Pablo Neruda.

Pane e pili ana ia ia, naʻe, i ole pela unequivocal. Kiʻiʻoniʻoni e haʻalele aku i ka mea ma luna ano o ka hana o Neruda mea he manawa i ka unuhi:? Aeiino? Oeoey o kana mau hana i loko o ka haole 'ōlelo hehee wale, Kīwala'ō ma nā' ano apau loa poetic - i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ka manaʻo pohihihi. Naʻe, i loko o ka Sepania-olelo ana honua, keia poetry pinepine hui manaʻo o ka loa a me ka mahalo. Juan Ramon Jimenez mua o ka kaua i kapaia o Neruda ole wale me he "nui inoino haku mele". Hope oia commuted i ka olelo, i ka i ana i na Sepania-American poetry rampant expresses ia iho i loko o kona maka, e like me ia ke kemu i ka pōʻaiapuni o ke ano, a me ka metamorphosis o ka make a me ke ola hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka loa o ka lanakila o ka'āinapuniʻole.

Contemporary Lakina Amerika ua kapaia "ka'āinapuniʻole kahi loaʻa nō nā mea a pau loa." Ka mea, ana, a ma ka contradictory, impulsive a me ka unbridled poetry Pablo Nerudy, a, i kaulana i loko o moʻokalaleo, ua hana e inclusiveness a me ka moʻolelo poino mai ka pae, palemo i loko o ka hohonu o ka mythological noʻonoʻo a me ka piha o ka maʻamau o ke ola ana o keia la.

Unuhi 'o Pablo Neruda ma Russian

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea a pau unuhi o ka poem o ka haku mele i loko o ka' ōlelo Lūkini ka loa paʻewa, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i luna o ia hana pono unuhi. Ka mea i Neruda hoʻohana i ka pilikia kaila o ke kākau 'ana -ʻaʻohe rhyme, wavy laina lōʻihi, loa paʻakikī e hooko. Hoʻomalu like ka nui o ke laumania Verses, huli ae la ia i loko o nā loina rhyme. Ma keia kahua pakahi aku la ia ike okoa Margarita Aguilar a me Ilya Ehrenburg. Pablo ia ia iho i ka maikaʻi hai mai ke ano o kana mau hana a noʻonoʻo Pavla Glushko. Akā,ʻo ia hiki e hewa. Ma hope o Neruda i ole noho Lūkini 'ōlelo.

Rusia ua hoike e māhuahua hoihoi i loko o ka hana o keia haku mele. Kēia Ua e hoikeike ai ma ka mea i loko o kona hanohano i kapaʻia nā kulanui hoʻonaʻauao a me ka moʻomeheu. Kumu 'ē aʻe wahi ai Moscow.

1568 Lyceum, o Pablo Neruda

I ke poʻo, i weheʻia, i kapaʻia i loko o ka hanohano o ka haku mele 17 January 2006 Lyceum. Lyceum 1568 Pablo Neruda - he noho hoʻonaʻauao kula, a ua lawe mai i loko o-hohonu, aʻo i loko o ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana o nā haumāna o oaoieei-a kūlohelohe sciences. Kēia kula ninoaaeyao i loko o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kapikala o nā kula a ianoiyuaa a 16th wahi. Lyceum, o Pablo Neruda i ka 1568 loaa i ka pomaikai o ko lākou Style Grant Meia o Moscow (i loko o 2011-12, a 2012-13.). More nei, i ka 2013, keia kula i ana aʻei - e lawe mai kona hoʻokuʻi pū me nā kula helu 233, helu 307, helu 1237, e like me ka helu ana o kindergartens i ka 1606, helu 1880, helu 1255, helu 2145, helu 1928.

I kēia lā GBOU Lyceum, o Pablo Neruda i ka 1568 ua pahuna i ka poe i makemake e seriously komo i loko o nā sciences maoli (kemika, ke kālaikūlohea), makemakika a me ka hana 'enekinia, no ka hoʻopaʻi' ( 'epekema, heluhelu) mau. He mau 'ikamu Profile. Ka mea, ke hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka hohonu, kākau inoa 'oe i loko o ke kula kiʻekiʻe Pablo Neruda. Ma ka 'ōlelo aʻo no ka nui ka hoʻokō palapala, ke papa ua maheleia i elua a ekolu pūʻulu. Kēlā me kēia no ia ninoieo o 10-15 kanaka. Nā haumāna i hele kula kiʻekiʻe i loko o 1568 iā ia. Pablo Neruda, noho ma kā lākou mau päkaukau i höÿike ÿia ma luna o kēia mau mea i kekahi i kekahi manawa, a no ia mea, oi hiki i ka hoʻokemu prepodnosimye mea. Eia hou, e möakäka hou eiiieaena nīnūnē a oi ma-hohonu study o ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana i hoʻonohonoho' ia koho, a me kona kūkā. Ka poe i makemake e komo i ka inoa Pablo Nerudy kiʻekiʻe ke kula, e pono e hele i ka puka hōʻike a me ka hele aku i ninaninau. Currently, aʻo ua mālama 'ia mai ka 5th i 11th papa. E wehewehe ana o ka mea e hoomakaukau ai hana no ka poe i makemake e kākau inoa ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe 'ole kiʻi i ka oi loa a me ka mea ike mau. Pablo Neruda School generously mahele ia i na keiki, ae hoʻomaopopoʻia.

Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole wale nō kula kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kapikala i kapaʻia ai ka inoa o ka haku mele nui. Aia mea no hoi he waihona Pablo Nerudy (helu 62). Ua Ua Aia ma Ul. Iaroslavskaia, 13, ka hale noho 1 (Metro Enea). Kekahi waihona ma kona inoa - № 187, Aia ma ka nānā ana Mira, 180. a pau i kēia paipai ia i loko o mākou aina he mea he hoihoi nui i loko o ke kanaka me a me kaʻike hoʻokumu.