Papermaking enehana: ma ka hale, i loko o ka hola, i loko o Kahiko China

He aha pono i ole palapala i ka manaʻo kanaka! Pohaku, ana pā, ka lāʻau, ka lepo a me ka pohaku papa, he keleawe kia ... malia paha, i ke aloha i ka mea hou, ua i mai la no ka mea i ole mea hiki ke lawelawe i koi me ka palapala. Akā, i kekahi o kēia mau mea mai e hālāwai me ka mea e pono ai no ke kākau 'ana. A laila, a invented pepa.

Ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole papermaking 'enehana ma Kina no ka lōʻihi manawa wahi i Tsay Lyunyu, imperial dignitaries. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, ka mea, ua iho la ka mea i waiho mua i kekahi palapala hoopii a hiki i ka ia Auguseto o Kina i kona he ākea hoike ana o kekahi papa hana no ka manufacturing pepa. ʻepekema haku nui pela i hui hemp a me ka silika puluniu, ka lehu, ka wai, scraps o ka lole uhi i loko o kā lākou mau helehelena, e hoʻomoe ana no laila, e like me ka hana Manufacturers parchment a me ka papyrus. Ka Emperor i aponoia i ka noi. A no laila, i ka wa i, oiai like me nā loko o Kina i hana loa ma mua o ka palapala hoopii haku nui, ua wahi i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka pepa i ka ia.

papermaking enehana Ua hoʻoponopono hou 'ia ma kēlā me kēia aupuni, a me ka ho'ōla pepa lilo i ka loa hanohano, aole nae i kiʻekiʻe loa kona mea e like mea.

I ka 1770, i ka Hookah ua hiki ke hana Whatman mea hoʻonoho, makaukau e pakele ana i ka pepa ko läkou 'ka palapala i loko i ka mea i maloo. Ma hope o 30 makahiki ma Farani kūkulu o ka mua pepa mīkini. No laila, ua lilo i ka pepa ikeia na wahi a me ka mea hou i ka nele.

I kēia lā, pepa e enehana hana ma, a oia no kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Ma ke kahua mua i ka feedstock mea makaukau. Mai hooki aku tidara, a spruce,ʻokiʻoki ihola iā lākou i loko o nā kī, oshkurivayut ma kūikawā machines ka hoʻohana i ke ano o ka maloo okarivaniya. Ihi ki pulverized i? Inoaia.

Ka lua o ke kahua - ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kalaka nui-pau huahana. papermaking enehana 'o ia hoʻi i ka lāʻau-MACH pōʻeleʻele loa ke akahele hoʻomākaukau inoaia anaanai ma luna o ka wahie shredder, huli ia i kaʻiʻo pepa. Ma kēia mau nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauaoʻiʻo pepa ua maloo, a i kia.

I ke kolu o ke kahuaʻiʻo pepa a me ka thermomechanicalʻiʻo pepa hui, hou kelulose, hoʻokaʻina ', maloo hou a wale laila, hoouna aku la i ka pepa hana mīkini. Ma kēia mau machines laina maka i hana pūnaewele mai i ka wai ua moni loa ahakanaka. I ka pepa i laila maloo i loko o nā nā paukūʻolokaʻa, e ia oi ala apuupuu me ke kōkua o ke calender palapala, wahi iho la ia ma ka palapala rollers, oki i makemake nui like 'ole.

Keia pepa manufacturing enehana mea hoʻokahi wale nō drawback: ia nui ho'ēmi i kā ka nui o ka wahie i loko o ke ao nei.

Kēlā kahua o ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka pepa i kona inoa iho.

• Pretreatment a hoʻomāhuahua. Ka maka mea ua ho'ōki loa, i hui pūʻia me nā fillers, 'ia nā pōpō a whitening hope, e komo i loko o ka wai ÿauÿau papaa o ka hui pu iaʻi, i hana - hōʻoia i laumania hana o ka papermaking machines.
• Hoohehee maemae au ia, oa i ka hoʻopololei o kaʻiʻo pepa 'ole.

I keia la, i kekahi mau aina (e like, Japan) no souvenirs i ma ka lima o ka pepa. I mua nana pipiʻi, akā, ia mea he makana nui.

Mau kanaka ike i ka pepa hiki e ua hanaʻia ... ka hale.

Home papermaking enehana

1. E wili ae la i ka wao pepa (kahei, pepa, etc.), E hoopiha i ka wai, kuikui aku me ka mīkini kāwili a me kaʻaʻahu "palaoa kāwiliʻia."

2. Hoʻohui i ka glue mix, hohola i loko o ke pń halihali o ka maka aha, uhi me ka gauze. Mākou wili i kou mau lima, align, uhi me ka gauze, a kau i ka ahakanaka.

3. E waiho no kekahi mau lā, mau haliu ae la i ke kōā kaulike outflow o ka ona mau.

Kēia hale pepa e ole oko kuikawa nani, akā, ia mea he pono i kekahi souvenir, o ka oi aku ma nā kamaliʻi.

Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kū hoʻokahi, akā, me ka easiest ala o ka hana ana i pepa ma ka hale.