Pirke hōʻike: heluhelu, loiloi '

Tuberculosis - Ua hala loa o ka hoʻomaopopo like infectious maʻi ana e loaʻaʻaneʻane anywhere i loko o ke ao nei hiki. I ka maʻi ke'ākoʻakoʻa ma muli o ka 'ai, inu ana i kekahi mau koʻohune a Koch ka bacillus. Ka maʻi ana pū i hiki e airborne droplets, a mai ke kaumaha symptoms, oia hoi:

• pōniuniu;
• pulu cough;
• puʻu i ke koko;
• nawaliwali;
• kuni;
• wanton kaumaha poho;
• po kaheʻana.

Tuberculin e contraindicated ma ke alo o nā ili mai, allergic reactions, asthma, epilepsy, infectious maʻi. Mai Mai e ka hāpana, a no kekahi mahina ma hope o injecting immunoglobulin paha he liluwelo hāpana.

diagnosing TB

Ke kumu o ka mana, a ua poino ma ka tuberculosis - ka malamalama. Other na nā loko me koʻu hoomanawanui ana'ku loa pohihihi keia i loko o kēia maʻi. Hiki e diagnose tuberculosis hoʻohana fluoroscopy, HI (Me Tomography), X-Ray, tuberculin ili ho'āʻo (Pirquet mea o loko) a me nā 'ano o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua ho'āʻo ma. I mea e diagnose vaccination ua lawe mai i kekahi manawa, i ka makahiki o ka maʻi.

He aha ka ke naoh i one ikea ai?

Kekahi o na ki ina hana like o kāohi noiʻi ma luna o nā keiki TB o Pirke hāpana. Kēia immunological hōʻike hiki hōʻike, ina paha he mea he lālā hua meaola, a hiki ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o TB maʻiʻaʻai. Naoh i ke ano o ka tuberculin naoh i kapaia o Pirke, a me ka mea Ho'ākāka 'i ke kino o ka susceptibility e Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pirke hāpana Ua hoi i, a me ka hoʻomanawanui mea paa he makua makahiki pae like me ka hooponopono ana Ka Ikepili i loko o ka loiloi 'ana i ka laulā o ka lapaau.

haku mele 'ana o ka hāpana

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka hāpana komo ka tuberculin - he kūikawā extract, mai ka luku bacilli Koch, invented hoʻi i loko o 1890 ma ka German Kauka Robert Koch. He keia kauka i ka discoverer o na maʻi like tuberculosis. Hood hoʻohana hoʻomaka i ka 1907. Initially, ka mea lubricates i kaʻili a me ka makaala i ka naoh, a ma hope o ka tuberculin hoomaka ae la e ho'āʻo e e lawelawe subcutaneously.

I kēia lā Pirke hāpana kona haku mele 'ana ka loaʻa o ka läÿau, o ka pepehi mycobacteria moʻomeheu filtrate o kanaka a me ka bovine hoailona ia mea, aia no he wahi lihi iki o ke kanaka o kekahi makahiki pūʻulu. Kaawale mai kaʻeleu waiwai kāna mau 'ōlelo - tuberculin Pirquet hāpana kikowaena o ia mau waiwai:

• paʻakai o posapahate aooa? pāʻoihana ;
• paʻakai koloriside.

Pehea ke ano o keia hana?

I ka rula o ka hana o ka hāpana kona haku mele 'ana e nānā' ana i tuberculin, o ka cutaneous noi o ka lāʻau. I ka ili o ka forearm a poʻohiwi maikaʻi disinfected wale carbolicʻakika, no ka waiʻona i-ka nānā 'ana waiwai i koe ma ka ili kumuʻiʻo, i mea undesirable no ka maemae Ka Ikepili. Nā incisions i loko o ka ili ka hoʻohana walania iho la ka hohonu o ka ole oi mamua o 5 mm o. Ke hoomanawanui e pono e kali i ka 5 minuke, a hiki i ka pāʻoihana ke kemu, a me ka poe i koe mālie holoi me ka pepa pepa. Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana, i ka hoʻomanawanui ka mālamaʻana me ka mākaʻi no ka 48 hola, a ua kālailai no naoh hope paha.

E like me ka hopena o ka tuberculin ma wahi kūikawā aicieeaao i ho'ākāka 'li nui (papule) i ua triggered ma ka hoʻomāhuahua o T-lymphocytes. He mau keena koko i kuleana no ka TB e hoʻonele. Ke ili ke hoʻololi i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka pa apŘ i loko o nā papules. Kēiaʻike, iaoia ua i hoʻohana kākaʻikahi no ka mea, o kona maʻiʻo haʻahaʻa 'ike a me ka haahaa PalekanaEND_LINK ka hoʻokōʻana. i haawiia ma hope o ka hookolokolo ana, a ma mua o ka hopena i i:

• alohaʻia wahi kahi i lawe i ka hāpana;
• holoi papule likeʻole ai 'a me ka hinu;
• papule sila i ka puna;
• waihona meli a me ka waimaka.

hualoaʻa

Ma awelika, ka wā i Pirke hōʻike, ua lawe loiloi 'ana i nā hualoaʻa mai ma hope 2-3 lā, oa 48-72 hola. Ma ka wahi ma ka scratches, ua he pulakaumaka o ka ae hookaawale i. Kona mau mea ana e kauka. Nā hualoaʻa i hoʻolaha ai ka wā i hāpana Pirquet:

• ka uku malama no ka palena iki exponent metering papules (ma ka awelika i ka 5 mm);
• huahelu 3 mm o Hōʻike i ka nele o ka hou-vaccination a me ka hou-stimulation mea o loko hopena;
• inā loaʻa papule HEN i nui mai ka 4 a hiki i 10 mm o, ka mea, mea paha ua maʻiʻaʻai me ka tuberculosis a kanaka maoli i loko o ka kamepiula pūʻulu ( 'o ia hoʻi paʻa noho ma ka hui' ana me ka iho mailoko o kanaka);
• Inā ae hookaawale oaio? I Ana mai ka 10 a hiki i 15 mm a me na mai hehe i loaʻa ma ka paena o vaccination, keia anakahi paipai he kiʻekiʻe pahiki o tuberculosis maʻiʻaʻai.

puka 'o ia hookolokolo ana

Kēiaʻano o ka study mea? Ienoai aa, a me ka cutaneous noi huahana Via mau scratches. Akä naÿe i ka hana kuʻuna mana o ke ao, i ka hāpana ua o Kuisa: e ho oholo i ka palena pau PalekanaEND_LINK cia ma ke kaʻina hana e hoʻoholo i ke 'ano o ka allergy e tuberculin. Skin ikea ai ua hana ia e ana i ka ili tuberculin me 100%, 25%, 5% a me ka 1% lehulehu. E hoomakaukau ai no ka ili ua lawe mai ia ma ka mea like me ke kahiko ana Pirke hāpana. Nā incisions i pili pololei i ka mea, a ma ka mea ia manawa, he mea likeʻole na hiohiona pipette. No kēlā me kēia hoomanawanui sterile wale nō i nā mea hoʻohana. Ma hope iho o ka helehelena o ka "keʻokeʻo'ōwili" oe ke wehe i ka koena o ka tuberculin. Kēiaʻano o kaʻike, ua loa pinepine lawe mai i ka mea e hooholo i ka laulā o ka iapaau ana o ka tuberculosis.

Nā hualoaʻa i o Kuisa: hāpana

Skin ikea ai puka 'o ia Grinchara Karpilovskaya a loiloi' ma hope o 48-72 hola ma hope o ka hana. Hoomaopopo i na reactions i likeʻole nā hoʻohui like o ka tuberculin:

• anergic naoh (ʻaʻohe naoh i loko o ka hāpana);
• nonspecific naoh (hiki wale malama i ka hōʻemi iki redness i loko o ka hāpana me ka 100% lehulehu o ka pāʻoihana) ;
• normergicheskaya naoh (lōpū ae nānā mau pane o ka meaola i tuberculin a pane i ka hāpana me ka 5% a me ka 1% pāʻoihana o ole-existent);
• hyperergic naoh (ka hopena ua wehewehe aku ma ka pane i nāʻano o nā Eia kekahi laʻana, ke kiekie o ka lehulehu o ka tuberculin pāʻoihana, ka mea i oi aku ka pane);
• equalizing ka naohʻano (i nā Eia kekahi laʻana i ka ia papules, ili nā waihoʻoluʻu a me ka nui like 'ole o ka foci o ka li nui);
• paradoxical naoh (i ka lehulehu ma luna i loko o ka hāpana o tuberculin malama oi hai naoh).

Pela, ua hookolokolo aku la ia i kekahi ano o kaʻike, me Pirke hāpana. Hopena ka mea, ua i kamailio e pili ana i ka IIeEeAIEUAA o ka maʻi i loko o ke kino, a ma luna o ke kanaka i ka hana, e iho mailoko ola kanaka. He wale hōʻike reactions i ka causative Agena o ka tuberculosis. Pirke hāpana (Mantoux ho'āʻo - kona koho) ua noʻonoʻo OAXA no ke keiki.