Robert Merton: i Kawaihae o ka sociologist kaulana. Robert Merton ka makana i ka sociology

Robert Merton - ka sociologist kaulana, mea aʻo a me ka hoʻonohonoho 'kii, kekahi o na alakai nā kānaka kālailai o ka sociology o ka 20th kenekulia. He Ua kauoha aku brilliantly e hoʻololi stereotypical mau kino, i lōʻihi paʻa kānakaʻepekema i ua ole i nākiʻikiʻiʻia eccentric ano akamai ma na rula a me na hooponopono ana. He keia kino o ka hana, a hana i ka kumu no ia i loko o ka 1994 National Keʻokeʻo no ka 'epekema e piʻi like.

Merton Ua loaa lehulehu hoʻolilo 'ia' no kona noiʻi. He ua ka mua nohona nä känaka 'epekema, ka mea i i ka honorary lala o ka National Academy o Sciences a me kekahi haole' elele a hiki i ka Royal Kuekene Academy o Sciences, oia paʻi i ka helu o atikala hana ma sociological kumumanaʻo a me ka nuipa a kamaʻilio.

Over 70 makahiki haawi mai la oia i kona mau haumāna he maikai loa haʻi'ōlelo ma ka mōʻaukala, a me ka moʻokalaleo etymology, e like me ka sociological theme like: ka Media ka hana, 'anatomia o racism, pilina kuanaʻike, kanaka'ē ma luna o insiders.

mau aʻo hou e pili ana i keia nui kanaka e.

Robert Merton: A Kawaihae

Hânau 'ia i loko o Philadelphia, July 4, 1910 i loko o ka ohana o ka Iudaio nā meaʻeʻe moku. Kona makua kāne i ke Kumu o ka sociology ma Columbia University, a me kona makuwahine i ko lakou ikaika a pau i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o na keiki.

Naʻauao ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe South Philly. I kona wā'ōpiopioʻo ia i noho ai he pinepine malihini i ka Endryu Karnegi hale waihona puke ma ka Academy o Music, ka Museum o Art a me nā Hawaiʻi a me ka hoʻonaʻauao-oaio? A.

I kona makahiki 14, oia hoʻololi i kona inoa a hiki i Merlin, ma hope o kekahi o ka loa pohihihi huapalapala i loko o nā kaʻao o King Arthur. Akā makamaka hai aku ia ia i ka mea, uaʻoi aku "kilokilo", a ia auou caiaiai ia me Merton.

kālaiʻike 'oihana

Kona sociological 'oihana i lilo ai ma lalo o ka lima o George Simpson, mai Temple College a me Pitirima Sorokina o Harvard University, ka mea i komo i loko o empirical a ana helu noiʻi.

I ka 1936, Robert King Merton loaa i kona doctorate mai Harvard University. I ka 1939, ua lilo i Kumu, a ke poo o ka Oihana o ke sociology ma Tulane University, a ma ka 1941 hui o ka Columbia University. I ka makahiki 1963, oia loaa he kiʻekiʻe - he kulanui Kumu.

I ka wā mai ka 1942 a hiki i ka makahiki 1971ʻo ia i mālama i Hope Luna Hoʻokele o ka Buro o haʻapili Social Research University. Aia ua no hoi he lecturer ma ka Rockefeller kula nui. I ka makahiki 1985, ma ka hoʻomaopopo pono o kona invaluable na makana i ka 'epekema a me ka lōʻihi-makahiki, a hoʻomāhuahua ai hana ma Columbia University, la oia i hookoia i ka inoa o ke Kauka o Science.

Robert Merton i mare i nā manawaʻelua. Mai i kona mare mua he mau keikikane elua a me nā kaikamāhineʻelua. Kana keiki, Robert C. Merton i ka 1997 ua lilo i ka mea nona i loko o ka Nobel makana i? Aneia iainiiaaiea.

Robert Merton make February 23, 2003.

Waiwai pio: a me ka hoʻolilo 'ia'

I loko nō o kona 'oihana' epekema Merton ua paʻa kekahi mau nui keia oihana.

- Hope Luna Hoʻokele o ka Buro o haʻapili Social Research ma Columbia University, (1942-1971 biennium).

- kahu o ka Center no ka Pae holomua Lālā Study ma ke 'ano' Sciences ma Stanford University , (1952-1975 biennium).

- Peresidena o ka American Sociological Ahahui (1957).

Robert Merton ua i loaa kekahi mau luna hoʻolilo 'ia':

- he 'ihiʻihi ka hoʻokuʻu' ia mai ka 'Aha' Amelika o ka lohe nā kaiapili (1962);

- mokuaina makana no ka poʻokela e piʻi like ma ka sociology (makahiki 1970);

- Makaratur Ka hoʻolilo 'ma ka puka kula (i loko o ka makahiki 1980);

- makana "hala a wai i loko oʻAmelika" no ka kiʻekiʻe e piʻi like i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka lawelawe sciences (1984);

- i ka makahiki 1985, Columbia University i hookoia aku la ia ia i ka inoa o ke Kauka o Science.

Robert Merton: i ka makana i ka sociology

Ke scientific ha awina o Merton uaʻano nui hoʻomōhala ma luna o ka "waena huahelu kumumanaʻo" o? Acaeoey. Ma ka mea,ʻo ia iā kānakaʻepekema, e pale aku i ka nui a me ka speculative Hōʻuluʻulu ana, e like me pedantic hoʻouna i nā ninau i ka mea olelo lealea, e alakai ia lakou i hoʻomāhuahua ai i nā hualoaʻa.

Ia nō i ka puka haumāna ma Harvard University (1936), i loko o kona 'atikala "Social' ole a me ka Anomie" i kākau ai no ka papa koa o deviant hana a me ka hewa nui. A nui loa o ka mākau "sociological e hopohopo nei" Merton hele ma e noiʻi i ka nohona hooponopono a me ka haiahū kūmau pilikia.

Robert Merton kumumanaʻo ua hookupaa iho la ia e kūʻiʻo i kanaka pinepine loiloi i kā lākou pōʻai kūpono a me ka hoʻokau 'biased; luli lanakila o ke kanaka i loko o nā mea a pau nohona kulana ( "Matthew hookoia"), hoao mai ana a e align hoʻolei aku. He ua nō ia i ka fragility o ka maʻamau ano o ka lawelawe rula i olelo alakaʻi, ka Hoʻohaku moʻomeheu nā loina a me nā 'oihana hae.

"Nā kūmau o ka 'epekema" a me nā manaÿo

Robert King Merton i manaoia he kūikawā " 'epekema mau hae" like me ka lākou o nā ideals e aʻepekema e imi i ka:

- communalism - ka 'epekema o ka hamama ke kaiāulu;

- universalism - 'epekema "' aʻole i discriminate";

- unselfishness - ka 'epekema a mawaho objectivity;

- i hoʻonohonoho 'ia skepticism - ka' epekema no ka hōʻoia 'ana i nā manaʻo a me nā theories.

He pū i ka hailona o sociological manaÿo i loko o ka wahi, e like me manaÿo e like me "ka hoʻoponopono-e hooko ana i ka wanana", "unintended hopena" a me ka manawa "obliteration ma ka incorporation" - wā kumumanaʻo lilo ai popularized i kona hoʻokumu hoʻopoina e pili ana i ka pā o kēia kumumanaʻo. He hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o ka "manawa" e hōʻike i kēia mau kuokoa discoveries ma ka 'epekema.

imi naʻauao kohoʻia

I ke kakahiaka nui 60-ies o Merton ua komo 'o ia i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ka nui moʻomeheu a me kaʻaha hui aʻe i loko o ka hana o nā kānakaʻepekema. Ua komo i ka hoʻokolokolo pono 'Ikepili o ka' oihana o Nobel uku Winners, ka Competition kaʻina hana, i ka pilina ma waena o nā paʻi puke a me ka noiʻi a me ka problematic ano o ka loaʻa a me ka hookamaia o ke "aupuni" o ka 'epekema.

Sociologist Robert Merton hoike mai i kona 'imi naʻauao kohoʻia i loko o ke ao ana i na ninau e pili ana iʻimi naʻauao mea haʻilula keimikala maikaʻi kēia typology a me ka Mea Maluna, empirical noiʻi, a me ka mea hiki mea hoʻomaoe o sociological hana i loko o kēia lehulehu.

ʻepekema hana

I ka papa kuhikuhiEʻepekema hana i loko o ka kakahiaka ola o Merton: "Science, 'ike loea a me ke kaiāulu i loko o kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia maʻEnelani" (1938), "Social kumumanaʻo, a Social' ole" (mau a paʻi i paʻiʻia mai ka 1949 a hiki i 1968).

Hope oia i paʻi ia mau hana: "Ka Pepa Ha Kauka" (1957), "Sociology o Science:ʻimi naʻauao a me ka Empirical Haʻawina" (1973), "Sociological Ambivalence a me nā pepa (essay)" (1976), "Social haʻawina a me ke kuʻuna i kaʻoihana kahuna "(1982).

Kekahi influential hana na loko o ka ohi ana o (essay) i hoʻoponoponoʻia e Coser (ka mea, i paʻiʻia ma ka 65th lā hoʻomanaʻo o Robert): "ka manaʻo o ka nohona e: pepa i loko o ka hanohano o Merton" (1975).

E like me ka hopena, ua hiki ke olelo aku ia Robert Merton - he nui ke kanaka, he paionia i loko o ka mahinaʻai o kēia manaʻo politika a me ka sociological haʻawina. He ua manaoia kekahi o ka loa influential ka nohona kānakaʻepekema o Amerika. He lilo ka sociologist mua nana no kona noiʻi ua loaa hoʻolilo 'ia' lehulehu a me ka waiwai pio:. Ma kona 'oihana o ka nui ma mua o 20 kulanui (a me Harvard, Yale, Columbia a me Chicago) Merton i kumu kāki honorary pôhili. Konaʻepekema hana a me kēia lā i loko o koi kiʻekiʻe i waena o noiʻi haumāna a me ka.