Romanovʻana. Kapa o na mea kaua o ka Romanovs (B. V. Kene)

Nā aliʻi o ka Romanovs - ke kahiko Moscow boyar ohana. Andrei Ivanovich kona kua - ka haawiia keia i ke kupuna o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke aliʻiʻana mua. He noho ma ka XIV kenekulia, a mālama ihola iā like me ka Luna Duke Vladimir a me Moscow Simeona i ka poe haaheo, o ka makahiapo-kane, Ivana Kality. Andrei Male, pu me Alexei Bosovolkovym, hana like intermediary ma ka hopena o ka mare ana ma waena o ka luna o Moscow a me Mariey Aleksandrovnoy, ke kaikamahine a ke alii o Tver. Ke olelo ua holomua.

About Andrew lio wahine i loko o ka moʻolelo o hou oleloia, akā, ka mea, uaʻike i kāna poʻe mamo hoomau i ka malama i ka Moscow aliʻi. Kāna mau keiki kāne i nā kūpuna o kaulana inoa, akā, ma Fyodor nā pōpoki, a i Romanov tsars. Ka inoa ia i ili mai praprapravnuka Andrei lio wahine - Romana Yurevicha Zaharina, he kaulana courtiers a me nā luna. Kona kaikamahine, Anastasia Romanovna, ka wahine mua a me ka loa aloha o Ivan IV i ka weliweli.

Lohe nuiʻia mea i Anastasia kona ana ano, a akahai mau ia laua ke hoopaa i kana kane. I kona make ana i mea hoʻoheheʻe i wae 'olioli iho la lakou, a ano hoomainoino hilinaʻiʻole i ke aliʻi o nā boyars. Keiki Jurevny Anastasia ua Fedor Nikitich Romanov, ke kanaka me ke nui i loko o Lūkini mōʻaukala. Ua ua ia i ka mea i loko o kālai'āina kaʻeleu loa i loko o ka Time o na pilikia, oia i limanui aku tonsured he möneka Borisom Godunovym.

I ka wā o ka hoʻomaka o ka noho alii ana o na Romanovs? Pehea ua ia? Pehea ka nui o mau? A pau i kēia mau nīnau 'oe e huli pane ma ka pauku.

Ke koho ana o Mikhail Romanov a hiki i ka noho aliʻi

Manawa ma ka mōʻaukala, ka wā o ka noho alii ana o ka Romanovs, ua i ka pilikia a me ka hi. Ma Rusia ma ka pau ana o XVI wela kona huhū desolating, debilitating Smoot. Ke keiki Ivana Groznogo, Fyodor make keiki ole no, kona kaikaina Dmitri i make i loko o Uglich, kekahi Ivan Ivanovich, ka mea, ua make kona makua kāne ola iloko. Ua oki ka Rurik aliʻi, ua he dynastic hoʻoponopono ulia. Next ua ka pinepine loli o ke aupuni, hana Godunov a me Shuisky hiki ole ke hoopaa i ka noho aliʻi. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i na kanaka makemakeʻole i nā aliʻi hou,ʻaʻole wale nō no ka mea, o ko lākou ole kūkulu' ia, akā, no ka mea, Godunov a me Shuisky i koho luna mai i loaa mai ai iaʻu i ka noho aliʻi.

E like me ka hopena o ka makau ma ka Zemsky Sobor i ka 1613, i hookahi manawa hou i hele mai i ka mua i ka ninau o ke aupuni mō'ī. Mākou, ua hiki i ke kanaka nana i ole aʻela hoʻi i kona inoa iho iloko o na pilikia koho. He waiwai e uku aku i ka waiwai auhau i ka Cossacks, ka poe i hookani i ka kūlana kuleana i loko o ke koho ana o Mikhail Romanov. 'Aʻole wale nō ia, ka mea, he laulā superiority, ka Cossacks koe lei mae ole kakou. Prince Troubetzkoy, makemake e kiʻi i ka noho aliʻi, mai skimp, olokaa ae la i kona mau na¯ e loaʻa kākoʻo i waena o ka Cossacks. Lakou, ma ka huli, i ole hoole i ka makana, akā, mai i mńlualua me ke alii.

No hoi he kuleana kūlana ma ke koho ana o Mikhail Fedorovich hoʻokani ole pretender i ka noho aliʻi ma Moscow, e like me ka mea hiki ke alakai i ka catastrophe, a me ka loko i ka Zemsky Sobor. Boyars Romanov maliu mai i ka candidacy, no ka mea, ka mea manaoio ia ia mea'ōpiopio (ma ka manawa o ka keiki ua 16 makahiki) a, e ia i ke "alii o ka eke", he puppet i loko o ko lākou mau lima. I ka mea i hooholoia e noi aku i ka papa, e lawe Mikhail Fedorovich, hoomanao e pili ana i kona pili ana me ka Rurik aliʻi, e like me kona makua kāne , makua'lii Filaret mea he hoahānau o Tsar Fedor Ivanovich.

Ke kaao ana no ke kumu o ka mamo aliʻi

He aha i ka höʻailona o ka Romanov ohana? Ma mua o ke kamailio ana ia, e ka aʻo i ke kaʻao o nā kumu o ka mamo aliʻi.

I ka hoʻomaka o ka XVI kenekulia kēia o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā Vikings i Rusia, hele mai i loko o ka "nui o Bygone makahiki", ka mea, ua hou ua'ōlelo a me ka mea i loko oʻaʻohe ala hoʻoikaika i ka 'āina prestige o Rusia. I ka Ia manawa, aia nei i ka pähola 'o "Moscow - ka Apana Roma", e hooikaika i ka aina o ka kulana me he kikowaena o Orthodoxy. Mākou i ka hele mai me ke kaʻao o ka lākou kūʻauhau o ka nohoaliʻiʻana. Lohe nuiʻia no ka Roma Emperor Augustus. Wahi a ke kaʻao, i hoouna aku ai i Europa i kona hoahanau, Prus, no ka hooulu ana o ka aina a me ka hoʻokumu o ka moku'āina. A lilo iho la oia i ke alii o Prussia, a me ka mea i noho hookahi e Slavs.

Mamo Prus hoomaka ae la e hoÿonui ai kona mokuna ma ka hikina, ua pela ua noho a ua Lūkini aina. A ua ka Rurik aliʻi. Akā, i kēia kaao ua pili i ka Romanovs? Loa noonoo ole. I ka 1722 Peter au i manao e hoapono i ka legitimacy o ko lākou mana ma "enrichment" o lākou kūʻauhau. Emperor kauoha ia e hoʻomōhala i kēia mana o ke alii o nā mea Kaua Stepan Andreyevich Kolycheva. Ano ka mea, ua ea ae ia i ka manawa o ka Roma aupuni a (373 a me 305 makahiki), King o Prussia Prouty hele akula i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ke aupuni i kona kaikaina Veydevutu, a hele aku la ia i ke pagan kulanakauhale Romanov, kahi āna i loaʻa 'like me ka ke kahuna nui. Ka hooponopono Ua aia ma luna o nā kapa o Dubissy a me Nevyazhi kahi hitting kona nui oka ulu. Ma mua o kona make ana, i ke Aupuni Veydevut maheleia i loko o kekahi mau wahi.

Kekahi o kāna mau keiki kāne, Nedron, hoomaka ae la e noho alii ma zhmudskih aina (i ka mokuna o kēia Lithuania). Kenekulia ma hope, ma ka XIII kenekulia, he mamo Nedrona, Gland Cambio, hele mai la ia Rusia, kahi āna i mālama ai i ka Haku mua o Moscow, Daniilu Aleksandrovichu. Aia ia i lilo i Karistiano, a me kona inoa mua i ka inoa kapakapa - lio wahine. Maoli ai, kēia wale nō mea i ike maopopo, ho'āʻo lehulehu o ka moʻolelo, e hamama ai lākou authenticity he ma ka makehewa. Aka hoi, he nui no na luna o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai, ua nui io no ia, kamailio e pili ana i ka loa nui o ka mea e e kūkā mai ma lalo nei.

Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova noho alii ana

Mikhail Fedorovich i alii ai 1613 a hiki i 1645. He hana i kekahi mea paʻakikī hana - e stabilize i ke kahua i loko o ke aupuni, devastated ma hope o ka pilikia. Hooki arguing ma luna o nā luna. "Vorenok Ivashka" keiki a wahaheʻe Dmitry II, ka mea hiki ke lawe ka lanakila o ka ka piʻiʻana o ka hou mō'ī i hauʻoli, i hooko aku la. Kau i kaʻai pretenders i ka nohoalii Lūkini. Mua o nā mea a pau, i ka pomaikai i ka kuwaho o Michael. I ka 1617 manao Stolbovsky ka maluhia me Kuekene, i hoi aku ai i Novgorod ma a Rusia. I ka 1618 i ka 'aelike i kakauinoaia Deulino me Poland, a e alakai ai i ka pilikia i loko aie a hiki i ka wa e kaawale aku o ka pilikia, mai ka waho. Naʻe, i loko o ka Smolensk War (1632-1634) Rusia i make.

Alexis

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Alexei Mikhailovich, malaila ua ua nui hanana he nui, akā, ke alii mea i loko o ka malu o kana keiki, Peter I ka Nui. ʻOiai ka Alexis i inoa kapakapa ka quietest, i ka makahiki o kona noho alii ana i kapaia o "buntashnym". I keia manawa manawa (1645-1676), hina iho la kekahi mau nui kaulana eha ma ka naau: Salt haunaele (1648), keleawe haunaele (1662), a me ka kua'āina kaua i alakaʻiʻia Stepan Razin (1670-1671). Aie i nā hanana o ka mua kivila o ke kānāwai i hookama - Conciliar Ka Code (1649), e like me a 'aelike i aaeno serfdom. Famous no ka mihi ana o makua'lii Nikon, ka poe i makemake e hoolaulea haipule kānāwai a me nā puke i ka Greek i ke kikokikona kope. ʻOiai ua mihi ana, he mailuilu haalele (huapalapala kuʻina troeperstiem, kākau i ka inoa o Iesu, a no laila, ma luna o. D.) lakou no hoi, kena ae la i ka hailona o ka eha ma ka naau i waena o na kanaka.

Peter I A.

A pau i ike i ka mea mua Lūkini Auguseto, he reformer nui a me ka loea luna - Peter I Alekseevich. Ka mua kuokoa a me ke kapuai lilo ke alii Azov paipai aʻo kai eʻe, hoalohaloha aku ia a Rusia loaa komo i ke kai o Azov, a me ka nui kauoha malu, ma a Petero iā ia iho i kaʻeleu loa. Rusia Ua hookamaʻEulopa oihana he nui, a ua hana i ka Northern kuikahi no ke kaua me Kuekene. Iloko o ka Great Northern War (1700-1721) Rusia loaa komo i ka Baltic Sea, a ua loaa i ke kūlana o ke aupuni a pau. Kekahi mau loli 'o Petero ka pilina i ka kokololio kūpono' ana o ke capitalism i loko o ka'āina, ka hoʻonaʻauao, moʻomeheu, 'epekema, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Ana II Alexeyevna

Peter I loaa i ka mea o ka succession, e like me a ka mō'ī e koho i ka hope, akā, i ole i manawa e hoolilo aku no ma keia manao, a alakai i lengthy hale coup ma i moho no ka noho aliʻi, e hilinai ana ma luna o ka poʻe kiaʻi, hopu mana i ka Auguseto. Ka hapa nui o lakou, ua hikiʻole naʻe i ka luna, akā, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole oiaio o Ekaterina II, ka wahine o ka Lūkini kanaka inaina Peter III, moopuna o Peter I., a mawaho, a na kulekele o Ana hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia e like me ka holomua. Ua secularized ekalesia aina (1764), hoopau ia i ka hetman i loko o Ukraine (1764), lawe mai i ka mihi o ka Senate (1763), moku'āina (1775), kūlanakauhale (1785). ʻano nui i ka hopena o kuwaho e loaa komo i ka Black Sea, a me ka ka piʻiʻana o ka Crimean Peninsula.

Alexander I Pavlovich

Alexander I - he aho controversial aka ma Lūkini mōʻaukala. Ka hoʻomaka o kona noho alii ana i olelo mua iaʻi, - ke Kula Uku Komite, a komo pū He kokekau wale ia Auguseto palapala i ke kānāwai ma luna o pili aupuni e pili ana (1801), i ka loli ana o na papa o na Kuhina (1802), ma ka noa poe mahiai (1803). I ka 1812, lanakila 'o ia Rusia i ka lanakila nui i loko o ke kaua, me ka wahine mana mana ikaika ae la. Akā, i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka noho alii ana o Alexander ka lokomaikai hoi o ka makeʻe kulana e pili ana i loli, a me ka mea i kekahi o na kumu o ka uprising o ka Decembrists i ka makahiki 1825.

Alexander II Nikolaevich

Liberator Alexander II kahea no ka lawe mai nui nā mea hoʻololi i ka 1861, - ka abolition o serfdom. A ia Alexander II o ka Romanov ohana kapa o na mea kaua i hana, a e e kūkā mai ma lalo nei. Ma ka manawa o kona noho alii ana, i hoʻokō nui loli: i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo (1864), he moku (1864), kūlanakauhale (1870), i ka oihana koa (1861-1874) a me ka' ē nā mea hoʻololi. Aka hoi, o ka mea hoʻololi uila nui, i pepehi i ka makahiki 1881 narodovolnikom A. I. Zhelyabovym.

Last Romanov

Ma Rotehama II ka noho alii ana ia i ka paakiki manawa. i ka puu o ke koko i hoʻokaheʻia i ka pōʻino ma Khodynka Field (1894), i loko o ka War Lūkini-Japanese (1904-1905), i loko o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana (1905-1907), World War I (1914-1918), a ma ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana (1917). Naʻe, i loko o ke au o Rotehama he ua he nui mahuahua ma ka heluna kanaka, na auhau i waena o ka mea lalo i loko o 'Eulopa, i loko o nā lima o nā mahiʻai i ua ma kahi o 80% o arable aina. Eia naʻe, no ka nele o kekahi lima paa i ka mō'ī ole ma kuwaho, a me ka ikaika o ka mua Grigory Rasputin alakai aku i ka hookahuli ana o ka Emperor ma March 1917, a pana aku la ia ia me koʻu ohana aʻe kauwela. Ka mea, ua i ka hope Romanov aliʻi i oki ia nei.

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Lūkini hulikoehana Society

Berngard Vasilevich Kene - nui heraldist ka Russian aupuni a pau, i ka i hoʻokumu o ka Russian hulikoehana Society. Ma kona Initiative, i mākaukau i gerbotvorchestva ma Rusia i ekemu ae. I ka 1857, Baron Koehne hoʻokumu rulaʻihiʻihi meaʻai. Bernhard i ka lua o ka mea nāna i hana o ka Big höʻailona o ka Russian aupuni a pau , a me ka ohana lapa o ka Romanov aliʻi.

Kapa o na mea kaua o ka Romanovs: ka mōʻaukala

No ka mea e hele mai ana i ka mana i ka 1613 o ka luna o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai a pau hoʻohana i ke aupuni höʻailona o, a depicts he mau-hina aeto. Akā, i ka 60-mau o ka XIX kenekulia, Alexander II makemake e ho okumu i kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino hōʻailona. Pehea i ka ohana kapa o na mea kaua o ka Romanov aliʻi? No ka kona kumu i ka höʻailona o ka Romanov boyars. Akā, he mea no hoi he hōʻailona o Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, e like me ka mea pololei kāne lala o ka nohoaliʻi aiʻoki pōkole i ka 1730 a me ka make ana o Peter I ka moʻopuna, Peter II, a me na wahine - i ka 1761 a me ka make ana o kana kaikamahine Elizabeth. Ka mua ka Luna o ka nohoaliʻi o Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov ua Peter III. Kona makuwahine, Anna, ua i ke kaikamahine a Petra Velikogo, a me kona makua kāne, Karl Friedrich, ua ke Duke o Holstein-Gottorp. Petero, apparently, i ole i manawa e hoʻonā i ka inoa loio o ka nohoaliʻi ai, a me kana wahine, Ana II,,ʻo i i ka noonoo pahee pukana, no ka mea, initially kona kulana ma luna o ka noho aliʻi ua nani shaky.

Hōʻailona höʻailona o-Holstein Gottorp-Romanov

He aha ke ano o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka Romanovs? I ka waiwai ua maopopo: ka mea, o ka mana a me ka noho luna ana.

Ka pale kaua ia i nā'āpanaʻelua. Pono ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka Romanovs. Ua depicts heʻulaʻula'ā'ī, paa ana ma kona manamana o ka pahi kaua a me ka pale kaua. Ka nui loa au mamuli - ka uukuʻeleʻele aeto e noho ana ma luna o ka papa. I ka lihi o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua hoʻonaniʻia me ka liona 'poʻo. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka hōʻailona o ka Romanovs i aie ia ia, mai ka höʻailona o Livonia, e like me ka griffin - ka huahelu 'ano, he pono ole i loko o Europa heraldry. Kapa o na mea kaua o Schleswig-Holstein ua aia ma ka hema, a ua puunaueia i elima māhele, 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai ka mea uuku ka pale kaua i loko o ka waena. Ma o ka maka, e hiki ke ike i ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o Schleswig, Holstein kapa o na mea kaua, kapakomo o na mea kaua stormarnsky, kapa ditmarsensky. Na lilo o ka pale kaua Ua hoi i nā'āpanaʻelua: Oldenburg a me delmengorstsky Liholiho.

House o ka Romanov Boyars

House o Romanov ma ka uku ole - ka wale hale e i ola, mai ka aina nui o ka Romanovs. Presumably, ka mea i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka hopena o XVI kenekulia. Ma ka XIX kenekulia, Alexander II hai aku i ka Hale i ka iau mea noa e kipa. House o Romanov mea i kaulana no ka mea i kona mau pā mea he griffin kiʻi o ke kumu nuiʻano o ka Romanovʻohana.