Soviet nä känaka 'epekema, kekahi o na Mamua o ka cosmonautics Yuri Kondratyuk: Kawaihae, e piʻi like a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk - nä känaka 'epekema o ka USSR me ka White koa i hope. He Ua hanau ia ma 1897, June 9. I ke kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia, ka mea i mau hōʻailona i ka kaʻoi loa ala a hiki i ka mahina - ". Kondratyuka Track" A laila, ua hoʻohanaʻia NASA kona mau helu i loko o ka polokalamu "Apollo". E noonoo hou ma mua o ua o kaulana Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk.

Kawaihae, mai ka hanau ana i ka mahuka

A ua okoa Real inoa o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka poʻokela 'epekema huahelu. Yuri Kondratyuk - Alia Alexander Ignatievitch Shargeya. He Ua hanau ia ma Poltava, i loko o ka ohana Russified kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me ka poe Iudaio, ka poe i Catholicism. Nui-kupuna ua Anton Andreevich Shlippenbah, ka mea i komo i loko o ke kaua o 1812

Alexander lilo i kona wā kamaliʻi i loko o ka hale o kona kupunawahine ka, a me ka lua o kana kane. Ua ua i ka pale keiki, a oia - he aina kauka, a ma hope poo o ke kolu o ka lala o ka Exchequer. I kona ua i ka makahiki kahiko, a kona makua kāne i hele ai a hiki i Hawaii, ma Darmstadt, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka Higher tehshkole. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ia i hoomaka ai i ka noʻonoʻo maʻi i loko o ka makuahine, no laila, ia ia i waihoia ma ka haukapila ma lalo mau. Small Budyscha. i ke koena o kona ola Here ua hoʻopaʻaʻia.

I ka 1903 i ka makua kāne hoʻoneʻe i kana keiki i ke St. Petersburg. Eia, ma kā lākou mauʻohana lilo Helena Petrovna Giberman. ʻO ia nō ke kaikamahine o ka gynecologist kaulana, a me ka unuhi o ka 'inikua ka lehulehu ākea P. I. Lure-Gibermana. ʻO kēia ka makahiki, i ka 1907, Alexander hele i ke kula ma ka mokupuni Vasilveskom. I ka 1910 kona wa i hanau i kana hapa-kaikuahine Nina. I ka hookahi makahiki i kona makua kāne make koke. Alexander hoi aku la i ka hale o kona kupunawahine.

Mai 1910 a hiki i 1916, ua loaa i ka lua o ke degere i loko o ka Apana Poltava gymnasium, a ua puka 'o ia me ka mekala kâlâ keʻokeʻo. Ma ka pau 'ana o aʻo, Alexander hiki ma Petrograd Polytechnic Institute, me mechanical' Oihana (e - St. Petersburg Polytechnic State University). Eia naʻe, i loko o November 1916 ma ke kahea ana o ka poe koa ia ia i hoololiia ai i ke kula palapala. Prior i ka demobilization o ke kupulau o 1918 komo i loko o nā kaua ma ka Turkish alo. E like me ka luna o ka poe koa tsarist, ma hope o ka kipi ana o 1917 oia i mobilized i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ke keʻokeʻo, akā, mehameha.

Ma hope iho o ka hopu ana o Kiev Alexander Red Army ho'āʻo e pakele ma ka wawae wale aku no. Akā,ʻo ia i hopuia, a lawe mai hoʻi. Ma lalo o ka eha ana o reprisals no kona hala me ke kōkua o kona stepmother Helen Giberman loaa palapala hou. Mai ia manawa, ua lilo Yuriem Vasilevichem Kondratyukom, hanau ia ma 1900 ma Lutsk apana. E like me kēia mau palapala, ua ola ia i ka manawa i koe.

Ka mua hana hope

Mai 1921 a hiki i 1927 Yuri Kondratyuk hana ma Kuban, ka hema Ukraine, ka North Caucasus. Here ka mea, ua greaser, he trailer kaa, mechanic'eleweka. I ka makahiki 1927, ua neʻeʻo ia i Siberia ma lalo o ka make māinoino o ka KGB repression. He mea oluolu loa e hūnā ma lalo o ka inoa wahahee. Ma Novosibirsk, ka Yuriy Kondratyuk loaʻa i ka poʻe "Khleboprodukt". Eia ka mea, he e lawe 'ana i loko o ke kukulu a me ka hana ana o elevators. Anna i keia manawa, hana ihola i ke kaulana "Mastodon" - .. hale papaa, papahana no ka 13 tausani na tona o ka hale i hanaia me ka hookahi kui. I ka Ia manawa, Yuri Kondratyuk hele mai la kekahi mau manawa ma Biisk. Where ia haʻi'ōlelo ma luna o ka mechanization o ka mōhaiʻai pūnaewele kaʻina.

hookolokoloia

Ia manawa, i ka poʻe o ka'ōnaehana "Khleboprodukt" ninau i ka pono o ka "Mastodon", ka poe i hana i ka Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Ke hopu i 'āhewa' ana o ka sabotage i wahi i ka 1930, July 30. Ke anaina o ka'ōnaehana i o Tilly i ka mea kākau o ka papahana,ʻaʻole wale nō i ole hoʻohana kui, akā, uaʻaʻole i kekahi Nails. E like me ka hopena, i 'āhewa' ana o Yuri Kondratyuk i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka makahiki ekolu i loko o kahi e hoʻomoana ai. "Mastodon" i ku no ka oi ma mua o 60 makahiki, a ua wāwahi i loko o ka hapalua like-90s ma luna o ke ahi.

hou hana

¶ A hoʻomoana Ua auou caiaiai i loko o ka hana i hanaʻia i loko o Novosibirsk Special Buro № 14 pio nā kānakaʻenehana. Aia i lawe mai i ka hooulu ana o ka lanahu hana pāhana. Kēia ha awina Ua paa Yuri Kondratyuk. ua piha kona Kawaihae me keʻano o ka kamahaʻo hanana. Pela, e hana ana i loko o ka oihana helu 14, oia ua hiki i ka loaa Sila ma ke kahua o ka hoʻouku a me ka hoʻouku lako a pan. Eia hou, oia ua paʻiʻia kekahi mau 'atikala ma luna o nā nīnūnē kiko'ī. Mawaena o lakou i e pono ai a me accelerating ka anal o mines ma opalubnoy mechanization porodorubochnyh a me ka pōhaku puna hana, ka ikaika pōhaku puna wahie Keaukaha, a pela aku.

Crimean makani mahiʻai

Iloko o ke ola ana o ka hana kūikawā Buro e paa ana ia i ka Competition no ka hanaia'na o sketches o ka mea hoʻonoho. Nā hua'ōlelo o ka heluhelu a me Yuri Kondratyuk. Ke hoʻololi i WEC ia i lawe mai i ka neʻepapa me Gorchakov. A iki ma hope, i ka hana ua hoʻomau ana, a Nikitin - i ka mea nāna i hana o ke kīwī halekiai Ostankino. Nā sketches Ua pau e November 1932 Authors ma hope o ka pōkole wā o ka manawa i 'ae' ia e hele i ke kulanakauhale alii. Ma ka Competition o ka papahana i ka mea e pono ai. I ka makahiki 1933, ma ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o ka People ka Commissariat Kondratyuka i kala mai deportation. No ka mea e hiki makahiki 1934 i ka makani mahiʻai manao i ua loa finalized. Ieoaeunoai o ke kahua hoomaka ma ka 1937 ma ka mauna o Ai-Petri. Naʻe, i loko o ka hope, 1938, hana i papani ai hoi i aie i ka hoole ana mai a ikaika makani mana? Iae. Over ka mau makahiki e hiki mai ana Kondratiuk papahana i ka poe uuku a ke kahu moku WPP.

hana hoihoi 'mea

Oiai e hana ana ma ka sketches o ka makani ka mana ho'āʻoʻana, a loaʻa iā ia Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, Kawaihae, e piʻi like hoihoi i loko o kona S. P. Koroleva. Hope ka helu ma ke alu like 'ana. Eia naʻe, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich keia manaʻoi hāpai 'aʻole i' ae. E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, oia wehewehe i ka holo pono o nei paʻa e pili i ka hana ma luna o ka makani mahiʻai. E like me nā kumu, i ke kumu o ua i na hana pili i ka oihana koa, i ke kumuhana, ikaika noho mana ana ma ka NKVD. Ma ka hihia o ka hōʻoia ke wehe i kona whiteguard i hala, a me ka oiaio o ka falsification o ka palapala. Nā hopena hiki e mea nui.

Komo i loko o ka elua World War

I ka loa hoʻomaka o ke kaua, Yuri Kondratyuk hoʻolālā i loko o ka militia like me ka hana manawaleʻa. He Ua helu ia ma ka 2nd Infantry Regiment o ka 21 la Māhele o ka Apana Moscow o Kiev, ma ka huakai o ka hui, telephonist. Ma Okatoba 1941, i ka mokuna mai o ke kaiapuni. Mahope Kondratiuk i mālama ai i loko o ka poʻe e pili ana o ka 47th Infantry Regiment o ka 194th Māhele. A ma hope iho ia, oia i ka luna o ka prokomvzvoda a me ka kaawale ana o ka 1st Battalion, hapa o ka 2nd kahua o ka 49th Western kaua. I kulike ai me ke komo ana "Book o ka iaiyoe" Yuri Kondratyuk (Yuriy Kondratyuk) make iho la ia i ka 1942, ma ka lā 25 o Pepeluali. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka Orel'āina, kokoke i ke kulanakauhale Krivtsovo..

astronautics mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk i na makahiki o kona hana hope i hua mai la i kekahi mau paʻi puke. Penei, nānā 'ole o Tsiolkovskii, oia ua hiki i ka ho oholo i ka palapala ano o ke kumu helu kaulike o ke Kao lele lako kaua. Eia kekahi Kondratjuk i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka eha-ke kahua a puni, a no ka holo ana i oxyhydrogen wahie kīʻamo paraboloidal i loko o ke keʻena engine'ā me ka i kunewa wahi o nozzles a me ka' ē aʻe, a oi. A pau no i ka mea i oleloia ma kona puke "ka poe i e heluhelu i kūkulu" i ka 1919

Key i ka manaʻo nui

I kana hana Kondratyuk? Aaei:

1. Pili ea ia'ku iloko o ke peleki pāʻana rocket i hanauna wahie hoʻokele waiwai.
2. E hōʻike i ka moku i ka mahuka i ka Ű i ka Astronomical o kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukali. No ka kanaka e pae, a hoʻi ia i ke koa, e hoʻohana i ka poe liilii, pae mea hoʻonoho. Kēia manaʻoi hāpai 'ia i hoʻokō i loko o ka polokalamu "Apollo".
3. E hoʻohana i gravitational kahua mai colliding mai o ano lani kahi no dorazgona 'ole ke peleki pāʻana lele ma o ka poe lń wā. Keia olelo, ua kapaia "pīhoihoi ihola ko lākouʻoihana kaʻa."

Ma ka mea hookahi pepa Kondratiuk noʻonoʻo i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻohana poe ikehu i ka mana i ka spacecraft ka onboard nenoai, e like me ka waiho ana ma Honua ka Astronomical nui aniani keleawe i ka mālamalama i ka ili o ka Honua.

Ka lua o ka hana

I ka 1929, oia no ka mea kākau i ka puke e pili ana i ka naʻi aupuni o interplanetary hakahaka. It Kondratiuk hoakaka kaʻina o ka loiloi mua kūlana o ka lewaʻimi loa i ka lewa, i ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kona hana mua. No laila, i loko o ka hou buke, ka mea kākau i manaoia e lawe mai i ke kokuaia mai e ukali i loko o ka honua, ka Astronomical ma ke Kao lele lako kaua me ka mea kaua nenoai. I kēia lā, i kēia iaoia ua hoʻokō i loko o ka palapala o ke amo a me ka ukana moku e like me "holomua". ¶ A i loko o ka puke Kondratiuk mau papa hana noiʻi ninau e pili ana i ka thermal malu o ka spacecraft i kā lākou pohupani hale i loko o ka lewa.

paʻa

Au i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka hana i kona colleague, a me ka inoa maikai, e hoihoi hou o Yuri Kondratyuk kaikuaana-a laila mea i manao ai lunaʻenehana i ko lakou mau oihana. Lavochkinʻelua Romanenko. Ma hope o ko Laieikawai la oia i hoolilo iho loa i "interplanetary" journalism. I ka paʻa o nā poʻokela e piʻi like i hana Kondratyuka na kia hoʻomanaʻo i, e kapa alanui, hoopukaia hoʻomanaʻo malihini. No laila, kia hoʻomanaʻo i hoʻouka kekahi ma Poltava, ma Komsomolsk (i loko o kulanui). Ma Krylovskaya Apana o ka Krasnodar Teritore ma Art. October, he mea hoʻomanaʻo iau o Kondratyuk. Mai 1992, ka mea, ua kapaia ma hope o Novosibirsk Aerospace Lyceum. I Novosibirsk a Kiev i alanui Kondratyuk. Ma ka hope, kekahi o na home Ua hoʻouka kekahi i ka mea hoomanao plaque. I Ukraine, i ka manawa ia i hoʻokūpaʻa kekahi mekala. Yu, V. Kondratyuka. I ka 1997, i haawiia mai ia Poltava tehuniversitetu i kona inoa. Currently, ka mea, o ka National E noa ka Institute. Yu, V. Kondratyuka. I ka 1970, i kona inoa o kekahi o na craters ma ka 'aoʻao aʻe o ka Moon i kapaʻia. Ma ke kapikala o Rusia - Moscow - makana Str. Kondratyuk, i ka hapa o ka luna 'pā-kahua hoʻolaʻa i ka lewaʻimi loa i ka lewa. A hiki i 1965, ua kapaia keia alanui ka 2nd Novoostankinsky Lane. I ka 1997, ma ka Ukraine hāpana Iubile dala i hoopukaia, a ma ka 2007 - mau-Holland hehi ihola au iā ia me ka inoa Kondratyuk. Street, hoolaa i ka iaiyoe huahelu, o kekahi ma Rubtsovsk. Eia ka mea, o kekahi o ka mea kahiko poʻe i loko o aaioee a me ka pūnaewele o ka hua liilii huahana. Kamen-naa-Obi - i kukulu i ke kulanakauhale ma ka kaulana "Mastodon", - he mea he alanui Kondratyuk. Ma ka Waialo kukulu i kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka hanohano o ka poʻe akamai. I ka 2012, June 21, o ka huli engine "Google" Hawaii i mai i loko o ka hanohano o Kondratyuk. I ka 2014, ma Okatoba 18, poʻokela 'epekema huahelu a me ka akamai i aponoia ma Alamogordo ma ka gale o ka lahui kaulana. Ma Orel, ma Bolhovskom District, i loko o ka palena o ka mea paipai manaʻo kokoke i ke kulanakauhale kukulu ia i mea paipai manaʻo hōʻailona Krivtsovo Kondratyuk, i allegedly make iʻaneʻi i ka mea koko o ke Kaua Honua II kaua.

ka hopena

I loko nō kona 'ano Anati-Soviet hala, Yuri Kondratyuk i ka, alahula na makana no ka hooulu ana o Lūkini cosmonautics,' enekinia, kūkuluʻia a me ka helu o nā pili nāʻoihana o ke aupuni. Kona mau puke Ua pio ka polokalamu kaiāulu mea hiki noi ole wale i loko o Rusia akā, i kahi e. Eia naʻe, uaʻaʻohe mea kūpono no ka hoʻi 'ana a me ka' epekema Loaʻaʻia o loko o ka mālama '-kaua makahiki. Aka Kondratyuk e hoʻokele i ka hana i ka hailona o nā papahana i i i ka hopena i loko o ke aupuni o ka mōʻaukala. Ua Ua kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka olelo naau, ikehu nui, he nui e pili ana i ka mea a pau ana i hanaʻi. Of mau nui i loko o ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka hoomanao ana o ka mea, i ka hana o Romanenko. Pili kēia i ke aloha ia ia, i kapa i na mea he nui biographical kūʻiʻo Kondratyuk. Romanenko paʻi i ka puke hoolaa ana i ke ola a me ka hana ana o kona mau illustrious colleague a me ke kaikunane o-koa. Ināʻaʻole no kona make ana ma ke kaua o ka Great Patriotic War, e hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha ke ao nei e aʻo e pili ana hou discoveries, a piʻi like Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka. He nui o kona ulu ana, a ua hoʻohana 'ia i ka manawa.