Stock ka auhau o ka groundwater. ʻO wai ka hāpai mai i ka auhau o ka groundwater kumu waiwai?

I ko kakou aupuni, a pau nā minelala hao no i na kanaka, a me kā lākou hoʻohana mea hiki ma ke kumu o ka kūikawā laikini. I mea e loaa ia i kekahi palapala, e noi mai ana mālama '-kuai i ka laikini no ka pōʻalo o nā minelala hao. Kēia ke kaʻina hana no ka mua ma ka holo ana i ka i ka ho omaulia, i ua ma muli ma ka loiloi '.

Stock ka auhau o ka groundwater - luna 'hana e ae mai, e ke kiÿeleo i ka nui o ka hua wai, kona loaʻa nui a me ka mea e like ai. Ma keia kahua i hoʻoholo i ka manawa kūpono waiʻai ana aaeei, a e i ole hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma ke kūlana o ka groundwater a me ke kaiapuni o.

holomua o ka hana

Na hana komo o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ana:

• ohi o ka mōʻaukala ikepili, ka Ikepili o hydro-ā ina subsoil kumu i loko o ka ua wahi;
• Ka Ikepili o nā 'ano o ka lola honua ka wai a me ka' ia;
• Geophysical ana;
• Hoʻokolohua kānana hana;
• kālele ana ma luna o ka mālamaʻana i ka wai? eia.

Ma hope o kaʻohiʻohi a pau i kaʻikepili aaioee ua hana i ka ike i loaa mai, i ke kahua hana. Hydrogeological hoʻomaulia i hana mai ai me ka hōʻikeʻia nani. Ma ka hopena, i ka olelo ma ka auhau ana o ka groundwater me ke koe.

'ē aʻe o ka groundwater ke koe nō, ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou degere o ka scrutiny

Līkaia no ia waeʻano:

• A - keʻae i kaʻai ana i ka ai pae'ōnaehana ka hoao ana.
• B - keʻae i ka mana pumping.
• C1 - hoike o hydrogeological haʻawina a loaa maikaʻi ukuʻikepili.
• C2 - hiki ke hāʻawi i ka nui 'āpana o na localities, me ka nākiʻi i ka henua o ka waiʻai ana.

Ka loiloi 'ana o groundwater kumu waiwai ma ka lanakila i ka mau waeʻano mua haawi i ka pono a hiki i ka waiʻai ana i loko o kekahi puke o ka hoike me ka laikini no ka makahiki 25.

Mahele C1 mea pono no ka lōʻihi-makahikiʻai ana. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo aku i kaʻelua hoike o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waeʻano A a B hiki ke noʻonoʻo me ka kahua mua, a me C1 - e like me ke kahua no ka wā e hiki mai. Mahele mea i pono ma ka manawa, kahi i kekahi mau 'āpana o ka wai me ke koe i hiki ke extracted me ka hoʻopōʻino i ke kaiapuni, e hele mai ana i ka hopena. Oiai keia waeʻano o ka laikini ua i hoopukaia no ka wā lōʻihi o ka manawa (i oi aku 5 makahiki), akā, i loko o ia manawa oe ke pana aku au i nā mea a pau i ka manao a me ka? Ieoaeunoai hana. Ma ka pau ana o na withdrawals i malalo e revaluation.

'Ana i kūpono no kaʻimi loa i ka lewa

Stock ka auhau o ka groundwater kikowaena kekahi mau hanana. Ma hope o ka maikaʻi Outlook ua loaa, i ka'āina lā hele i loko o ka mahele o ka olelo mua iaʻi. Hoʻomakaʻimi loa i ka lewa hana oia hoi o ke kēia mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

ka mua ana manaʻo

Ma keia kahua, ua hoʻopaʻa haʻawina paena, kona 'ā ina' ole. Ua lawe mai i ka laupaʻi, a qualitative helu ana o na kumu o ke kahua o ka laau hookolokolo aku la ia. Ke kākoʻo nei i ka loa ka naauao noaia o ke kūkulu o ka waiʻai ana ioauoa. I mea, e hooponoponoia ia mea, i ka mau wahi, a me ka mea huli mai paha ka mea e e hiki i ka hoʻolako i ka olelo nona iho.

pihaʻimi loa i ka lewa

Ka lua o ka anu u puka wale ina ka hailona maoli e olelo ana no hanalima ana.

Pihaʻimi loa i ka lewa komo ai i ka wehewehena o ka mahele me ka mea i kā mākou pololei a me ka manao ana o ka nui o ka nānā no ka mea ma kahi o wā e hiki mai. He mauʻikepili mea e pono no i ka manao o HEVs. Playground hookolokolo aku la ia no ka maoli hydrodynamicʻike manaʻo (la me ka manao e loaʻa ia ma ka wahi collapses a me Hāneʻe), ana nui o ka subsidence o ka aina a me ka degere o ka hau. Mai kēia nā hoailona ia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka waeʻano drillability.

hana ana manao

Kēiaʻano o ka hana presupposes he paa hanalima kūpono 'āpana, ia laua noiʻi hana:

• hoʻopaʻa haʻawina no ka hiki rula no ka ho okumu ana o ke kaumaha o ka funnel;
• Ua Ua paʻa wahi ma luna o ka lepo, ka mālamaʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai emi ana;
• he qualitative ao o ka wai, pehea ia hoʻololi ma ka hāʻawi au (mahina, makahiki), ua ei no ka wā e hiki mai manawa;
• outlines ka mea hooponopono no ka restocking e hoʻopale aquifers mai depletion, a me ka helu o nā hanana.

Manaʻo o ke kalepa me ke koe o ka groundwater - he mea nui ke kahua ma ka kaʻina hana o ka lola honua ka waiʻai ana. Inā i ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa nā minelala hao a me ka groundwater kakou e hoakaka aku, o ka hope i ka hōʻeuʻeu ano,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka wai hou ma ka haku mele 'ana, ka pono a me ka nui o ka manawa. Aia ka i ala, e helu i ka helu ana o ka manawa i kekahi o ka wai, a pau i ka manawa e hilinai aku ma luna o kekahi o kekahi dala o ka wai hokii. I ka nui o ka outflow a me ka inflow hilinaʻi nui ma luna o na mea he nui aʻe, a e e mau, e ninaninau, a kālailai.

ʻO wai ka hāpai mai i ka auhau o ka groundwater kumu waiwai?

Ma ke kau 'ilikai, o ka hana no ka auhau ana o ka wai i haawi ai i ka subsoil hoʻohana. Ua mea akaka i ka awelike kanaka hiki ole lawe mai i ka hana ma luna o lākou iho, no laila, e kelepona i nā papa hana 'ole i loko o like hana.

Subsoil hoʻohana pono loaa mau palapalaʻae male:

• no kaʻimi loa i ka lewa;
• pōʻalo o groundwater.

Palapalaʻae male pono e loaa sequentially. Mua, ana manaʻo hana, a laila,? Iecaianoaaiiuo. pono e hoʻomaopopo kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohana o groundwater i na rula nona ke kuleana no ka pono o ka wai me ka laikini. Subsoil hoʻohana mea i kaawale mai o ka malama, e loaa pela, a hiki ina ua hana ka luawai 100 makahiki aku nei, a lilo iho la ia i ka waiwai a pau a me ka aina. ʻOiai ke apono 'hoʻohana ole o ka laikini, mai ka luawai ina mea wale uhi i ka ho'ākāka pono o ka' ohana, a ua ole hoʻohana 'ia ma luna o ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole. Ka luawai hiki ole ke malama i ke kumu o ka wai no kekahi mau mākua. Ma nā hihia, ka mea, i ia e lawe mai hana ma luna o ka auhau ana o ka groundwater kumu waiwai a me ka laikini. Inā 'aʻole i lawe mai i kēia, i ka hana malalo o na olelo o ka Administrative Code.

He ahaʻoe e hoʻolohe, lalau aku i ka artist hana?

I kēia lā, he nui poʻe kaumaha lākou mau lawelawe ma hydrogeological haʻawina, aole e paa ana i ke kookoo o ke sotrudikov. Stock ka auhau o ka groundwater e halihaliia oia iwaho wale nō ma ka hana kūikawā 'Oihana, no laila ia mea pono e nana i ka' oihana a me ka ole i ka hui. He pono i kona mau poʻohiwi uaʻaʻole wale nō he palapala puka i loko o "hydrogeology", akā, i ka lehulehu ākea ma ka hana kūikawā moʻokalaleo. Kanaka hulihonua pono e kokoke hookomo papahana a apono ia ai ia mau moʻolelo.

Ua UaʻAʻole pono e negotiate me nā man- akia, a hiki alakaʻi o ka poʻe. E like me ka rula, e resell kauoha, a no laila, e loaʻa i ka Customer e uku palua.

Aia He nō kekahi kamepiula kiʻekiʻe o ka hui 'ana me ka' ole-kāna mau 'ōlelo hui, a' aʻole i loaʻa ka mea i makemake nui o ka wai hokii. Ka pilikia, o ka papa, e eliminated ka wā o ka hana a ua lawe mai i hoomakaukau-i lua, a ua pahuna wale nō ke pau nā hana ma ka legalization o ka wai i.

No ke aha la revaluation me ke koe o ka waiʻai ana?

Ka auhau a me ka reassessment o groundwater kumu waiwai - ka luna 'ā ina kaʻina hana, i ke kumu nui kuhikuhi o ka a - ka ka naauao ana o na subsoil. Wai - he maikai mau mea pono a eia i palekana ma ka aoao o ke kanaka.

Reassessment o ka groundwater mea,ʻaʻole e mau ana ka mea wale? Aneiai mau noʻonoʻo. Ma kekahi wahi, groundwater - ka wale kumu o ka wai, no laila,ʻaʻohe ninau ana ina paha ke kokoke loa i kahi mea i pono. E hana ma ka revaluation paipai ae mālama 'ana aquifer mai hoʻololi iho a me ka depletion. Lawe mai a eia i ka mālamaʻana o ka wai e like ai. Ua huli aku i ka hopena o ka maoli a me ka anthropogenic aʻe ma luna o ka degere o ka mea hoʻohaumia.

pāʻoihana ka pilikia

Ua hoʻomanaʻoʻia ai ia i ka auhau o ka groundwater me ke koe hiki e io, akā, he maikaʻi result ua koi 'ia e ke kālele nui kālā' ana. He hiki ia, e like me ka hoike aeaiiuo e e ho'āʻo ai i ka hanalima wai withdrawal mea impractical i loko o ka waiwai hoohalike no ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo. No laila, i kēia 'ano o ka hana a ka he risky.