Trachea a bronchi: hana a me ka maʻi

E hoolako i ke kino me ka māhuaola, ka ai, ua pono. mākou i hiki ole ke hana me ka wai, no ka oi ma mua o ka hapalua i mai o kēia pōʻino wai. Akā, na mea a pau'ē aʻe o ke kanaka kino pono oxygen, a mākou naehana'ōnaehana e kaili mai i ka lewa. I mea 'Imi kōkua i ka trachea a me ka bronchi.

Inā ea hoʻohana paakiki, alaila, e loaa i ke koi 'ia o ka dala o oxygen no ka hanu, naehana nenoaiu , pu me ka naau hoomaka i ka hana. Akā, oi interestingly, ke kanaka naehana'ōnaehana hiki ke hakuloli i? Aneie ana.

Ke ano nui o ka naehana'ōnaehana

Ke kūlana o ka naehana'ōnaehana hiki apuepue ke overestimated. Pehea la e hiki ai ia makou ke ike mai i ka kālaimeaola haʻawina, ia oe Exhale mākou pakele o ke kalapona'okikene lua CO _2. A hiki aku oe Inhale i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai hiki oxygen, a no ia ua laweia e ka circulatory'ōnaehana i nā mea a pau nā'aʻaʻa o ka na nā loko. Pela, ke kinoea e loaa hou mai ua lawe mai. I ma ka maha, ua hoopau ia 0,3 nā lika no minuke o ka oxygen, ma ia ho okumu i kekahi dala o CO ₂ a me ia mea uuku i loko o ke kino.

I ka lapaau, aia no he manawa i kapaʻia ka naehana puu, i Hōʻike 'o ka lākiō o ka nui o ke kalapona'okikene lua i ka mea ma loko o ke kino a hiki i ke dala ke komoʻana i ka trachea a me bronchi ka oxygen. Ma lalo o maʻamau rula, o ka lākiō o 0,9. Ua Ua malama keia koena o ka papa kuhikuhi hana i hanaʻia i ke kanaka naehana nenoaiu.

Ka 'ole o ka naehana'ōnaehana

Naehana'ōnaehana mea he luna 'i he o ka kēia mau eiiiiiaiou:

• nasal;
• paranasal sinuses;
• larynx;
• trachea;
• bronchi;
• ia maʻiʻaʻai.

maopopo i ka maikaʻi pehea e kūkulu i kekahi maʻi hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka naehana nenoaiu, ia mea pono e maopopo ana i kekahi o kona eiiiiiaiou i hoonohonoho.

I aʻo ka kūlana e pāʻani ai i loko o kā mākou kino. Wale nō i kokoke nana ma ka Ikepili o ka bronchi a me ka trachea, e like me ka mea, e pinepine prone i pathological loli.

trachea

Ke trachea Ua waena ma waena o ka larynx a me ka bronchi. A me ka trachea, a me bronchi i ka hoʻomaopopo like 'ole a me ka nana aku e like me ka Tube. Wale nō ka mea mua loa i kahi o 12-15 knm a me he anawaena o ma kahi o 1.5-1.8 knm, akā, me ka makahiki ia e ke hoʻololi ikiʻia. Akä naÿe i ka akemāmā mea unpaired kino. He He 'ano'ōlewa kino, e like me ka poe ma ka hui ana o 8-20 apo o ka cartilage.

Ua ua ma waena o ka ono o ka cervical vertebrae, a me ka lima thoracic vertebrae ke aupuni '. I ka haʻahaʻa o na lala i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE auwai a mau trachea, akā, tapers iki ma mua o ka mahele. Kēia bifurcation i loko o ka 'inikua' ōlelo o kona inoa - he bifurcation. Kēia wahi i ka hailona o sensory receptors. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka trachea loaʻa he kānaka flattened kinona, ina ka pulakaumaka, mai ke alo i ka hope. No keia kumu, kona kea-pauku o ka hola he mau millimeters kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka sagittal aiao.

Hoomau ana noonoo o ka trachea (bronchi, a me e e ho'ākāka 'ia), e pono ke kūʻai' ana i kumumanaʻo i ka luna o ka tracheal şarkı ia mea e pili i ka thyroid gland, a ia kŰlń ao ma hope o ka esophagus. Laina i ke kino mucosa, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka hiki, e omo. No keia kumu, he maikai kanaka ma ka inhalation. No hoi, ka mea, ua hoalaala ia me ka Muscle-cartilaginous'aʻaʻa, a i ka fibrous 'ole.

bronchial i hoʻomākaukauʻia

Mai ka pilikia makapō wahi o Hawaii, na bronchi e like me ka laau, e like me he mea i lalo ke alo. Like malamalama, ka mea, ua i hui kaulua hui, a ua hanaʻia ma ka mahele o ka trachea i loko o nā paipu, a nō ka nui bronchi.

Kēlā me kēia Tube ua, ma ka huli, ua maheleia i liʻiliʻi lala e hele aku ai i wahi likeʻole o ka maʻiʻaʻai a me ka mahele. Ma keia hihia, ke kino pololei mea he wahi okoa, mai ka hema: ia mea he uuku pūhaka, akā pōkole a me ka ua i ka oi hai vertical hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha. He nui no ka tracheal a me ka bronchial maʻi pili me ka airway li nui.

Ka holoʻokoʻa 'ole i ka nōhie inoa - ka bronchial laau, ka' ole o ka a, i hou i ka papa kuhikuhiE bronchus, ka loaʻa o ka helu o nā lālā:

• me ka pololei;
• segmental;
• subsegmentary;
• bronchioles (lobular, maʻi a me ka ÷ naehana hanu).

Ke kumu o keia laau ua hulu iho trachea, mai i ka papa kuhikuhiE bronchus elua (akau a me ka hema) hele aku. No ia i ka pololei şarkı kānaka uuku, a ma ka akau akemāmā ekolu o lakou, a ma ka hema - pono mau. i mau paipu e māheleʻia i loko o uuku segmental bronchi, a, ma ka hopena, a pau welau a bronchioles. Lākou anawaena mea uuku o 1 mm o. Ma na welau o ka la mahope e uuku no laila, i kapaʻia vesicles, kapaʻia alveoli, ma, ma ka mea, he mea ka e loaa hou mai o carbon dioxide i no ka oxygen.

He aha ka hana hoihoi, trachea, bronchi, maʻiʻaʻai kekahi ano o ka 'ole (eia nae ka mua mau kino, e like). bronchial paia i ke komo lima o 'ole o ka cartilage, a ua ālai' kā lākou noho'na makaainana i ulu contraction.

i hoalaala ia maloko bronchi me ka mucosa me ciliated epithelium. Ka holoʻokoʻa laau 'ole ua mana ma nā bronchial arteries ka hoʻomakaʻana mai o ka thoracic aorta, a me kona holo ma ka lymph aka wahi a me nā aʻalolo lālā.

Functionality naehana trachea a me bronchi

I ka hana o ka trachea a me ka bronchi mea ole wale e hōʻoia pono kinoea, e loaa hou i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai, a me ka meaʻaoʻao nui. No ka laʻana, ka mea'ōlewa Tube i loko o ke kino, hana like me ka resonator, mahope mai o ka lewa hele ma na kaula vocal. Pela, ke trachea ua komo i loko o ke kahua o ka leo. Like no ka bronchi, e hiki no i ka luku a me ka neutralize kekahiʻawahia waiwai i nā palapala i ko makou kino ka mea.

Eia kekahi, mucous larynx, trachea, bronchi uhiia me ka ciliated epithelium i na cilia. Lākou ana ua kuhikuhi ma ka puu a me ka waha. Makana i loko o mucosal glands pee i ka kūikawā huna i ka hui 'ana me ka haole kino koke hoopuni iho la ia, a ma ciliary ana ka paipai' ana i ka hopena o ka moʻolelo lua. Kaniak he nui haole kino reflexively ke kumu me ka puʻu.

Akā, loa interestingly, i ka lewa maalo ae la oia ma ka trachea a me ka bronchi, Ua wela i ke koi mahana, a lilo pulu. Lymph aka wahi i loko o ka bronchi ka pae'āina ma ka nui'ōnaehana paleʻea keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ke kino.

Pathological loli ma ka naehana'ōnaehana

Pinepine tracheal ole bronchial maʻi ana i loko o ka palapala o ka li nui o ka mucosa. Ka mea, ke hana nā ka huʻi, a me ka maʻi ano. Me ka pili ana i ke ano o ka li nui, e hiki ia:

• catarrhal;
• fibrinous;
• purulent;
• putrid.

'Aʻe' ana o tracheal hana , a me ka bronchial paipu o ia hoʻi, i ka pio ana o ke bronchi a trachea. Ma keia hihia, ina ua noonoo ka mua, ua kapaia ka loli ma ka nui bronchi makrobronhit a me bronchioles - mikrobronhit paha bronchiolitis. Kekahi o ka loa, he pono ole pathologies nā asthma a me ka tracheitis - li nui o ka trachea.

maʻi o ka trachea

I ka helu o ka tracheal stenosis komo maʻi, fistulas a me thermal kuni i ka mea. Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, tracheitis, i ka hoʻomano puunaue, ka mea e neʻe i kekahi pathology - bronchitis, ma i ina ka mea, ua ike like tracheobronchitis. Pathology manao kolohe ole nae, akā, hiki a laila e hoʻoponopono complications. Nolaila, lapaau o ka maʻi mea maikaʻi,ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻulua.

Tracheitis, ma ka pohihihi keia hoopii, akaka me he kuokoa maʻi (iniiaiie 'aoʻao o), oi pinepine ia mea heʻilihune o kekahi non-hoola iho la lakou i na mai o ka naehana'ōnaehana (haumāna hoike ana). Hiki ana i loko o kekahi kanaka, nānā 'ole o ka makahiki a me ka ka wahine. Loa pinepine ma lalo o hoʻoweliweli 'i na ia maʻiʻaʻai, bronchi, trachea, larynx keiki no ka mea, o ko lakou'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana mea, ua nawaliwali ia pono e hana i kekahi mau olelo hooweliweli.

Aia i kekahi mau ano:

• huʻi;
• maʻi;
• infectious;
• ole-infectious;
• hui.

Ma keia hihia, no ka infectious ano o ka maʻi i e mea hoʻomaʻi, fungal paha mea koʻohune.

Maʻi o na bronchi

Pinepine hihia o ka pio ana o ka bronchi bronchitis, i mea i ke kumukuai i hoike ia. Pathology haʻi li nui o ka naehana Tube pa. Nā kumu o ka maʻi i e okoa aʻe, a e like me:

• Ke alo aku o ka koʻohune a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi.
• A lōʻihi wā o ka hoʻohana i ka paka huahana.
• Susceptibility i ka hopena o allergens.
• Waiwai o Nine Inch aʻawahia waiwai.

Penei, ka maʻi e ia o ka mea kēiaʻano.

• mea koʻohune;
• mea hoʻomaʻi;
• Nine Inch;
• fungus;
• allergic.

No ia mea, ia mea paʻakikī nui i ke kauka ma ke kumu o ka hopena o nā haʻawina onoho ana i ke 'ano o ka maʻi o ka bronchi, trachea. E like me kekahi maʻi, bronchitis hoike mai ai ia ia iho i ka huʻi a me ka maʻi 'ano apau loa.

Ka huʻi ano o ka lua i pele me ka kiʻekiʻe wela, i ukali ia e pulu ole maloo cough. Holo nōhie, me ka pono lapaʻau i wahi i loko o kekahi mau lā. Ma kekahi mau hihia, e ai kekahi mau mahina. Pinepine hoʻolaha like huʻi bronchitis a catarrhal maʻiʻaʻai. E like me ka rula, ka mea, aole i pau i kekahi hopena.

Ka maʻi ano o ka bronchitis hiki ī hope no kekahi mau makahiki. Ma keia hihia, i ka hoʻomanawanui cough mea e noho ana, a me kela makahiki, aia nō huʻi, ka loihi o oi aku mamua o hookahi mahina.

Na ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - e haawi aku i ka noonoo ana i ka huʻi ke kahua o ka maʻi, no laila, i ka mea, ua i hele i loko o ka maʻi palapala. Hooloihi ae i waiū i ka maʻi ma luna o ke kino, aole ia e hele unnoticed, a hiki ke alakai i ka luna ', irreversible hopena no a pau naehana hanu.

lapaʻau

Ke kaumaha ma muli o kaʻike, (bronchitis, tracheitis), i ke ano o ka maʻi hanana, ua häʻawi mai pilikia o ka ka exacerbation pono lapaʻau. E noonoo pono i ka manawa kūpono a ina paha o ka tracheal li nui hiki i loa exacerbation o bronchial paipu, a ole, ke kahuna lapaau e pono nō e hoʻohuli i ka hoʻomanawanui i ka haukapila, a me ka mea hiki ma ka hale e hana.

Ke Inc ka loaʻa o ka hulina lākou o nā ana, a ma ka hou i ka lapaʻauʻia a me ka loaʻa o ka helu o physical Inc: mai ka mehana a me ka inhalation e lomilomi a me nā kino.