Uighur Khanate: i ka mōʻaukala, ka wā o ke ola, i ka disintegration

Over na kenekulia, ua ike mōʻaukala i ka hailona o Hawaii, hoʻohanohanoʻia i loko o kona heyday grandeur, a me kou mana, akā, ua like me ke ao nei kahua ma ka pono o ka poe a me nā Pahuhopu kumu. Kekahi ua poho i loko o oblivion, a waiho ole kumumea o ka mea 'ē aʻe iaiyoe ua malamaia ma ka hāʻina o nā haʻawina o kahiko moʻolelo i kākau lima. I kekahi o kēia mau mea i ka Uighur Khanate, i ola ma VIII-IX kenekulia ma luna o ka mokuna o Central Asia.

People ma ka "kiʻekiʻe kaʻa"

Lōʻihi ma mua i loko o Central Asia ikea Uighur Khanate, a kipa aku la i ka tribal kuikahi Ua maikaʻi-ikeia ma Kina. Ka mua iki o ka mea i loaʻa i loko o palapala mooolelo o ka lani aupuni a pau, hana i loko o ka IV kenekulia. Ka mea, he poe Uyghurs i kohoʻia, i oleloia mai e like me "gaogyuy", a 'o ia hoʻi "lōʻihi hale".

Kēia inoa la ka mea, no kā lākou mau maʻa o neʻe ma ka hehi i kaʻa me kiʻekiʻe huila. Pākē kakaolelo i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka Uighurs me he undersized, akā, paʻakikī loa ikaika a me ka Hardy a kanaka, kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka lōʻihiʻino a me ka manaʻo'ālunu. Ua i kaulana i ko lakou akamai ma ka horsemanship a me ka noho ana o ke kakaka.

Ho okumu ana o ka hou Khanate

Ka ?? eoi? Noho ma ka ohana o ka Uighur Khanate, a, ma na olelo e ae, Khanate, iʻikeʻia ma ka waena o ka VIII ke kenekulia, i loko o ke kenekulia i hala iho nei, he ekolu'ē aʻe i kakahiaka nui-nomadic hoʻonaʻauao. Ka mua o kēia mau i ka Khanate, kukuluia i ka makahiki 323 i loko o ka Khangai kuahiwi huahelu, ua waiho nei ma ka aina no i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Mongolia.

Ua ola no ka i oi aku 200 o kona mau makahiki, alaila, haawi mai ke ala a hiki i ka lua o ka Kaganate i i i noho ma luna o ka mōʻaukala ke kahua, a ma ka 603 o ka luku ohana o Tureke, i alakaʻiʻia e ka luna o ke genus Ashinov. Ua Ua haku o tribal hoʻonaʻauao 'ekolu - Basmil, Karluk a Uighurs. I ka ikaika hui 'ana me Kina, ka mea,ʻaʻole wale lilo iho la i kona mau allies, akā, i lawe aie i kona mea maikaʻi, i ka manawa, o ka hoʻomalu nenoaiu.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka moolelo o ka Uighur Khanate ua manaoia e e 745 o kona mau makahiki, e like me ka hopena o ka huʻi intertribal paio hopu mana poʻe luna o ka genus Yaglakar kapa Bilge (kona kiʻi ma lalo nei). He ana ia ia iho i ka Uighur, a no keia kumu, o ka moku'āina i hana ia e kiʻi i ko lakou iho, hele aku la ia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka inoa.

Na na 'ole o Uighur State

He mea pono e uku aku i ka waiwai auhau i ka luna: Uyghur Khaganate nana i hana mai i na loina o kemokalaka lakou e maona ai a me ka mea fundamentally okoa mai ka barbaric oihana o ke au. Bilge walaʻauʻana aaieieno oihana waiho ai i na elele o na genera he umi, i hana i ka ohana toguz Oguz, a ua lilo ia i alakaʻi, akā,ʻaʻole Hoʻohaku i loko o ka moku'āina.

Basmil puʻe e hahi i ka ia'ku, alaila, haawi mai ia i ka pono me kā lākou mau kūpuna koko. ʻO kekahi mea uuku lāhui kanaka e like me KIBI Tongra, hun, Bout a me kekahi mau mea e ae, i laweʻia i loko o ka mau 'ia ma luna o ka like wawae eha. I ka mea, ua paio ma ka iwakālua o ka makahiki 'ku e ka Karluk Uyghur Khanate, a mau ae la ia intermittently Bilge ma hope o ka make, a ua equalized ka mea, me ka toguz-Oguz, loaa ia lakou iho ma ka ia kaiapili hulili.

Keia ano o na mea i hoakaka ia iā ia ma mua lawa kumupaʻa. Small nationalities i ka ia manawa i ka pono me kaʻohana alakai o ka Uighur Khanate. Ke kaua a me ka o Tureke, 'ē aʻe nomadic ē aʻei wale hooikaika keia hui ana.

ma waena o ka wāwae o ka E līʻia, a me ka muliwai Orkhon No kona kumu pili Bilge Khan i koho paena ka moana. I mau, i kona waiwai, e moe ana me Kina, a hiki i ke komohana uhiia Dzungaria - nui i loko o kā lākou mau wahi o ka aina o Central Asia, a ma ka hikina - hapa o Manchuria. No ka hou ia kenekoa i waiwai ai i ole imi Uighurs. Ma ka waena o ka VIII kenekulia i maluhiluhi o hala puu hua palaoa i ka hehi kanaka.

Ia ka hoʻoilina a hiki i ka mana

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Bilge Khan, hahai aku la i ka makahiki 747, i ka mana i loko o ka Uyghur Khaganate hele ai i kana keiki Mayanchuru, akā, me ko lakou hereditary pono ka mea, he e hoomalu aku i loko o ke koko kaua. Ka hope wā o ka noho alii o kona makua kāne, ua hoailono aku la ma ka muli o ke kokoke ana i kona kū'ē koʻikoʻi a hanohano i hauʻoli i ka hoʻokumu kaʻina hana, a kali no ka manawa e kipi.

Lawe ka lanakila o ka make ana o ke alii, ka mea hoʻonāukiuki akula kekahi kipikipi ana mawaena o na luna a me Basmil Kurluk, hiki unleashing ke kaua kūloko. Ole me kekahi manawa kūpono e hahi i ka ia'ku, Mayanchur i puʻe wale no e akoakoa ai i ke kōkua o nā malihini - ka Tatars a me kidonyan. Eia naʻe, ua kaulana moʻolelo i ano nui i kūlana i loko o ka holomua hopena o ke kaua pâʻani i kona hiki, e 'imi i nā pilikia hihia compromises.

E hoike ana pela i kona supremacy, Mayanchur aku i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ka moku'āina. He hoʻomaka me ka mea i hanaia o ka lawe lima a me ka maikaʻi-hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua. He He iniiaiie pono like Uighur Khanate ola i ke kaua, mau uwila ma Central Asia. Akā, e like me kona makua kāne, i ke aliʻi'ōpio i nā ho'āʻo pono e hoÿonui ai i ko ona.

Koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe Mayanchura

Pela, i kakahiaka 750, oia hoopio i ka headwaters o ka Yenisei River, lanakila ohana e noho ana malaila kupono, a ma o ka haule ana imua o ka Tatars, selivshimsya ma Western Manchuria. ʻO kēia ka makahiki, me kona mau nei no ka naʻi i huiia Kyrgyz aina, ka i kokoke ma ka akau-komohana palena o ka Khanate. Hoomau ana i ka moolelo o kona makua kāne, Mayanchur i ka poeikohoia o ka subjugated lāhui kanaka o lākou like nā pono kīvila a me nā maka'āinana o ka moku'āina.

An nui ke kahua ma ka mōʻaukala o ka Uighur Khanate ua hoʻolako 'ia koa kōkua' elele i China ka Tangʻana. Ka mea o ia ka 755, kekahi o nā luna koʻikoʻi o ka Pākē Army-An Lushan kipi a alakai aku lehulehu poe, i hanaʻano nui o na Tureke, pio nā ke kapikala o ka lani aupuni a pau - Changʻan a me Luoyang. E like me ka hopena, i ka Emperorʻaʻole hiki akā, e noi aku i kōkua mai kona mau hoa Uighurs.

Mayanchur ia i ka leo kahea, palua hoouna i Kina me ka poe koa o ka 5 tausani. 'Oihana, a kokoke 10000th kākoʻo hao wale. Ua hoola ka Tang aliʻi, a ua kokua ia e paʻa ia i ka mana, akā, no ka hana i hoakaka ia ma ka Uighurs, ua e uku i loko o ke gula.

More nui dala uku no ka Emperor i kona mau defenders e kiʻi mai, mai ka aina mai o Kina, a ua paʻa looting. Ka oihana hana e hoʻihoʻi mea i loko o ka kela mau ua mākaukau waiwai Khanate a me ka maikaʻi hopena ma luna o kona waiwai.

Ke apono o ka Manichaean manaoio

Kekahi mea nui ke kahua ma ka mōʻaukala o ka Uighur Khanate hele mai, e like me ka mea ia Pākēʻoihana aliʻi, i loko o 762, a ia ia i pili i ka oihana koa lanakila a me kona poe kanaka ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka Manichaean manaoio. Kona mea nana e hai i ka misionari, e olelo aku i ka maopopo Uighurs Sogdian'ōlelo, a halawai me ia ma kekahi Hike i loko o ka lani aupuni a pau.

Haipule o Mani, a ano e ae paha Manichaeism originated i loko o ka III kenekulia i loko o Babulona, koke loaʻa i kona mau ukali a puni ka honua. Me ka hele ana i loko o nā lāliʻi o kona ao ana, ua hoailona oukou wale ia ma North Africa mua o ka hookamaia o Kristiano, Manichaeism hai wā e hiki mai Saint Augustine, ma Europe ka mea, ua haawi ala i ka Albigensian aoao ku e, a hookahi ma ka'Ilana honua, neʻe mai a hiki i ka Hōʻole akula East.

Lilo i ka moku'āina hoomana o ka Uighurs, Manichaeism haawi mai ia i ka ikaika impetus e mua i noho maikai ana. No ka mea, ua pili loa ua hoʻopili me ka moʻomeheu, no i ka oi holomua Sogd Hawaii ke aupuni 'ma Central Asia, hele mai la ka Sogdian' ōlelo i hoʻohana ma o ka par me ka Turkic Uighurs, a haawi mai la i ka manawa kūpono e hana i kā lākou mau aupuni moʻokalaleo. Ia i kuu mai i ka lokomaikai o nehinei, e hui i ka moʻomeheu o Iran, a laila, i ka pau ana o ke Kaiwaenahonua.

Ia manawa, ili, mai ka manawa mai o ka kela poe kanaka ei oihana o Uighur Khanate, ma naʻe o ka pono 'ole o ka hou hoomana, a me ka hoʻokumu moʻomeheu ano laulea, pili kēia i koe i ka ia, a me ka ikaika o ke ala, e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia. Ua ua ikeia ma ka pau ana i loko o nāʻokoʻa manawa o ka manawa aliʻi ka mea, haule iho la ia, mai kai, a me kekahi he pepehi anaʻia iā iho, ua hoʻopuniʻia e ka lehulehu o rioters.

Tuva mea he hapa o ka Uighur Khanate

Ma ka waena o ka VIII kenekulia ka Uighurs palua hoao e hopu ?? eoi? No i Tuva, a ho'āʻo e hoolilo i ka ohana mea, ua noho kupono. Ka mea, ua nui loa paʻakikī, no ka mea, ka mea e noho ana ma ka kuikahi me kona akau mau hoalauna - Kyrgyz - a hilinaʻi ma luna o lākou kākoʻo. E like me ka hapanui noiʻi, e kōkua hoalauna i kena ae hoʻolako 'ole' ana o ka Uighurs a me ko lakou luna Moyun-Chura iloko o ke kai eʻe mua.

Wale nō hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, ma ka hopena o ka lanakila ma ka kaua o ka River Bolchu, Uighur koa e hoʻokele i ka lanakila i ka ia'ku o ka Kyrgyz kupono a me kā lākou mau allies. I hope loaʻa i ka foothold i loko o ka lanakila ?? eoi? Ee, Moyun-Chura kauoha aku e kūkulu i ka moʻo o ka pakaua, a kūlana pale hale, e like me ka mea paa o koa noho ma laila. E like me kekahi hapa o ka Uighur Khanate Tuva ka mea, ua mai a hiki i kona haule ana, e like me ka akau-komohana outskirts o ka moku'āina.

Kāna hana e lawelawe me ka lani aupuni a pau

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka VIII kenekulia, me ka nui loa worsened hoahanau me China Khanate. No kekahi 'i ka hookahi i 778 makahiki i ka mana hele mai la i ka Emperor Detszun (kona kiʻi ma lalo nei), ka loaʻenemi i ka Uighurs a me ka malama ole manaʻo ka mea pono, e huna iho i ko antipathy. Rights i loko o kēlā mau makahiki ma ka kaganate Idigan Khan, makemake e puʻe wale mai iā ia i loko o hoolohe, hoakoakoa ae la ka poe koa, a pepehi i ka'ākau wahi o ka aina.

Eia naʻe,ʻo ia i ka maopopoʻole i loko o nā makahiki mahope mai o laila, e like me ka Uighurs hoolaia kuleana ma Kina Tangʻana, China ka heluna kanaka mahuahua ma ka aneane he miliona kanaka, a no ia mea, mahuahua, a me ka nui o ka poe koa. E like me ka hopena o kona koa hoike ia ia i pau ai i loko o ka hoʻokō 'ole, a laila, e exacerbate wale ae inaina.

Eia naʻe, ma hope koke ke kaua me Tibet Hoʻokē akula ka Pākē ia Auguseto, e noi aku i kōkua i ka Uighur inaina mai ia ia, a me ka poe no ka uku, e hoolako ia me ka contingent i lawa ka ikaika o ka poʻe hao wale. Reining ma ka mana no ka makahiki ekolu ma Tibet a, keakea e me kā lākou hoouka ma North China, i ka Uighurs loaa mai kona haku hana i ka maikaʻi nui o ke gula, akā, i ka hale ma hope o ke kaua, ke ehuehu me ka pilikia.

Ka hoʻomaka 'ana o na hoopaapaa

Ma ua waiho aku hoi i ke kai eʻe, i kona poʻe kaua Idigan Khan i i ike ia iwaena o na ohana i i i ka heluna kanaka o Khanate, he nui loa,ʻaʻole wale aloha aʻe me Tibetans, akā, no hoi i koko ano laulea me ia. E like me ka hopena, hoi mai lanakila mai nā'āina'ē, i puʻe wale ka mea, Uighurs ma ka hale, e uhi i ka haunaele wāwahi mai nā mea a pau ma luna o ka wahi, inaugurated ma ka Karluk a me Turgish.

No koke i ka Khanate koa paopao lākou ia'ku, e like me ia ma ka hope o ia kipi Kyrgyz hoahu mai i ia manawa kū kaʻawale, akā, i ka lanakila o ka instability pili aupuni, e hoʻokō 'ia kaawale ana. I ka 816, ke kahua hanaia me ka hopena o na kāna hana e lawelawe, i ka lanakila o ka Tibetans, na lau i manaolana e lawe mākaia no ka mea hala koke pio o ka Uighurs. E coincide i ka manawa o ka papa koa o Khanate, komo i loko o ka suppression o ka uprising, mea ma ka palena'ākau o ka moku'āina, hoouka ae la lakou i ke kapikala o Karakorum Uighuria a looting mea a pau ia lakou ke hali, a puhi aku la ia.

Haipule kaua kahiliia'ku Khanate

Na mahope disintegration o ka Uighur Khanate, i hele mai i loko o ka waena o ka IX kenekulia, hoʻokumu i mahuahua kēlā me kēia makahiki separatist olelo la iwaena o na ohana no ia ia ia. An nui kūlana i loko o ka hookuuia ana o ko lakou poe kahuna oko pāʻani, me ka pololei i ka Uighurs i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea o ke ao inaina.

He nui ke lawe i ka manaʻo i ka Uighur Khanate ola iloko o ka manawa ia i waena o ka hehi kanaka o Central Asia i kekahi kaʻina hana o ka loli ana o ka manaoio. Nomads aie haipule Outlookʻano nui mai Iran, Suria a me Arabia, akā, e hana nui lohi, me kekahi puʻe mai waho. No laila, i nā i aa no lakou, mawaena o lakou Nestorian Kristiano, Hoʻomana Mohameka, Hoʻomana Buda a me theistic (o Hoʻomana Buda, i ke hoʻomaopopo iho i ka Mea nana i hana o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa). Ma na wahi kanaka nomadic ohana lilo e kaukaʻi nui mana mau hoalauna, ka mea wale koi uku o ka auhau, a i ole ho'āʻo e hoʻololi i ka pau huahelu o ko lākou worldview.

Like no ka Uighurs, ka mea, ho'āʻo e puʻe wale mai nā lāhui kanaka i ka uku, ka mea, he mau hapa o ka moku'āina, Manichaeism, no ka mea, he nui na malihini a me ka incomprehensible no i lawa i ka manawa o ka ulu ana. Na ia mau kūkulu 'ia ka mea, lawe mai i loko o ka mahalo mai o na ohana, ka poe i noho i ka luahi o ke kaua, loaʻa iā lākou iho' ole ia e ia. I ana me ka pono ka poe auhau Uighurs puʻe wale akula kēlā iā lākou i haʻalele i ka mau ala o ke ola, a lawe Manichaeism, ka hana hiki ka uhaʻiʻana i ka psyche o kona mau koa i.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka make ana o ka moku'āina

Kēia mea alakaʻi i ka mea e ole wale no ka pono, aka, i ka mea ola ana o Uighuria mau hooweliweli ma ka lālā hua helu ana o na, a mawaho poe enemi. Loa koke makaukau clashes me Kyrgyz Karluk a hiki Tibetans i ma luna o ke ano o kaʻoihana kaua. A pau i kēia alakaʻi ai i ka mea e ma ka waena o ka IX kenekulia grandeur Uighur Khanate i loko o ka hala.

Ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka manawa hookahi ikaika State pomaikai Kyrgyz hopu i ka 841, i kona kapikala Karakorum aʻaihue i ka waihona a pau i loko o laila. He nui noiʻi Ua kuapo i ka pio ana o ka Karakoram ma ka nui a me ka 'ole ua like me ka haule ana o Constantinople i ka 1453.

Eia hoi Uighur Khanate e hina ma lalo o ka hae o ka poe a pau o ka Pākē, ka poe i pepehi ia ia i ka 842 a me ka hoʻoikaika i kona erstwhile allies e hee mai ana i na palena o Manchuria. Akā, ua he lōʻihi holo i ole e hoola i ka make Army. Kyrgyz Khan, e aʻo i ka ua loaʻa ka Uighurs puʻuhonua no ma na aina a pau i ka Tatars, hele mai la ia me ka poe koa he nui, a pepehi i ka make a pau e hiki nō hali i na mea kaua.

Koke aggression mai China alualu ole wale koa, a mau hana, akā, i pahuna e eo ai Manichaeism, a no hoi ka hoʻomohalaʻana i ke ala no ka laha ana o Hoʻomana Buda. Mukhtar Maniyev a pau i ka lukuia haipule na buke, a me ka waiwai hoololiia a hiki i na kahuna o ka cult i loko o ka imperial waihona waiwai.

Ka hope hana ana i ka hana keaka

Naʻe, i ka moʻolelo i ole i pau ai i ka Uighurs. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ko lakou hookahi ikaika moku'āina ka mea, nō e hoʻokele ma ka 861, hui a puni ka hope o ka nohoaliʻi ai i luna Yaglakara mua, e ho okumu i kekahi mea uuku na'lii a ma ka akau-komohana China, i ka mokuna o ka aina o Gansu. He Puhi hana hoʻonaʻauao lilo kekahi hapa o ka lani aupuni a pio e pono.

No kekahi manawa ka Uighurs pilina me lākou hou haku, he malie lawa, o ka oi aku no ka mea mau a me ka hoʻokupu 'ia paha uku. Ka mea, Ua hiki ae e malama i ka poe koa i lehulehu e repel ho'āhewa wale oʻano pākīkē mau hoalauna - Karluk ohana, a me ka yagmy Chigils.

I ka kou iho ikaika mea,ʻaʻole i lawa ke hele mai i ke kokua ana o na koa aupuni. Akā, ma hope o ka Emperor o Kina, e hoohewa ana i ka Uighurs i loko o ka powa a me ka haunaele, hooneleia ia o ko lākou palekana. Kēia i loko o 1028 pomaikai mai kokoke i Tunguses Tibetans a Uighurs komo i ka aina, i ka hoopau ana i ko lakou aupuni. Kēia ke hoʻoholo 'ia i ka moʻolelo Uighur Khanate, e like me ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo i loko o kēia' atikala.