Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky: Kawaihae, iao? E piʻi like a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo o ke ola

Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945) - ka honua-kaulana Lūkini poe akeakamai a me ka naturalist. He i loko o ka nohona ola ana o ka aina i kaʻeleu loa. He ka luna i hoʻokumu o ka nui pono o ka Honua Sciences. Kona mau mea o ke kuka nei lakou i komo na hana e like me:

• biogeochemistry;
• geochemistry;
• radiogeology;
• hydrogeology.

He mea i ka mea nāna i hana loa akeakamai kula o. Mai ka 1917 o ka academician o ka Russian Academy o Sciences, a ma ka makahiki 1925 - ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR.

I ka 1919, ua lilo iho la i ka mua noho ana o ka Academy o Sciences o Ukraine, laila - Kumu o ka Moscow Institute. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia haʻalele. Kēia lima kolohe 'ana o ka hoailona o ke keakea e kue i ka hao waleʻia o nā haumāna.

Ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia, manao iho la Vladimira Ivanovicha Vernadskogo lilo i ka ho omaka no ka hooulu ana i kēia 'epekema kiʻi o ko ke ao nei. Ke kiʻi i ka manaʻo o ke nä känaka 'epekema i ua noniakahi' epekema? Acaeoey manaÿo e like me ka biosphere. E like me ia, i ka manawa Ho'ākāka 'he ola honua iwi o ka Honua. Vernadsky Vladimir Ivanovich ( "noosphere" Ua hoi he manawa hoʻolauna ma ke nä känaka 'epekema) i? Anoee holistic eiiieaen, a Radio he kūlana kumu nui e ola iwi wale, akā, i ke kanaka ololi. i aʻo ai i naʻauao a me ka sensible Kumu o kanaka ana, a me ka papa hiki i ka nui ole ma ke kahua o maoli scientific ike paka i o kela kupono kanaka.

Vernadsky i kaʻeleu kākoʻo iā ia, o Lūkini cosmism, i ua ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohui o nā cosmos, a no nā mea a pau manaʻo kanaka. Nō hoʻi, Vladimir i ka alihi kaua o ke Kumukanawai-Democrats a Liberal (KS) Zemsky ana. He loaa i ka State lua o ka USSR i ka 1943.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka wā'ōpiopio o ka wā e hiki mai academician

Vernadsky Vladimir Ivanovich (Kawaihae keʻae i kēia) i hānau i loko o St. Petersburg ma March 12 1863 makahiki. He noho i loko o ke aliʻi ohana. Kona makua kāne i ka economist, a me kona makuwahine - ka mua Lūkini wahine i ka hoʻokele waiwai 'pili kalai aupuni. I nā mākua o nā hāʻawe i ke 'ano maikaʻi-ikeia publicists a me economists, a aole poina kona mau kêia kanaka.

E like me ka ohana kaʻao, hanau Vernadsky originates mai ka Lituania gentry Verna, ka mea kina a hiki i ka Cossacks, a me kaʻauamo i ua hoʻokō ai no kā lākou kākoʻo Bogdana Hmelnitskogo.

I ka makahiki 1873, ua hoʻomaka mākou moʻolelo meʻe kona mau haʻawina ma Kharkov kula. A i ka makahiki 1877-ka m me kona 'ohana i haʻakoi e neʻe i St. Petersburg. I ia manawa, Vladimir lākou i heluʻia i loko o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a puka 'o ia ana. Ma ke kulanakauhale ma ka Neva makua Vernadsky - Ivan - ia i wehe i kona iho hoʻopuka puke poe, i kapaia o "Slavic pai hale", e like me ka malama ana i ka poʻokela ma luna o ka Nevsky Prospekt.

I ka makahiki o ka umikumamakolu i loko o ka wā e hiki mai academician hoʻomaka e hōʻike pono i loko o maoli mōʻaukala, Slavs, e like me kaʻeleu nohona ola.

Makahiki 1881 ua waiwai i loko o hanana. Censorship paa hou mai la ka Magazine o kona makua kāne, ka mea ma ka Ia manawa ua kekahi maʻi lōlō. A oia Ua make Alexander II. like Vernadsky ia iho ana i hele ai i ka puka me kŰia, a hoomaka ae la i kona haumāna ola ma St. Petersburg University.

Ka makemake e lilo i nä känaka 'epekema

Vernadsky, kona Kawaihae Ua like mahalo like me kona? Iie e piʻi like, hoomaka ae la kona mau haʻawina ma ke Kulanui o St. Petersburg i ka makahiki 1881. He ua laki e kiʻi i ka haʻi'ōlelo Mendeleev, ka mea i paipai i nā haumāna, a me ka hooikaika i ko lakou pakiko-hilinai, a ao mai la ia ponoʻole lanakila pilikia.

I ka 1882, ua hoʻokumu ka Ho oholo Wae a me ka palapala, ai 'Society ma ke kulanui i loko o a Vernadsky i ka hanohano e alakai mineralogy. Kumu Dokuchaev huki ae hoʻolohe i ka mea i ka haumāna opio e ao hou i ka malama o ka hana kūlohelohe. Great ka hoao ana no ka Vladimir lilo i Kumu i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka huakaʻi, a e hiki ai i nä haumäna e i kekahi mau makahiki, e hele ma ka mua' ā ina ala.

I ka 1884 Vernadsky i kekahi limahana o ka mineralogical Aha Kuhina o St. Petersburg University, lawe pomaikai o ka haawi ana o ka mea hookahi Dokuchaeva. I ka hookahi makahiki ia e hele mai i loko o e noho ai o ka waiwai. A mau makahiki ma hope, e mare i ka nani kaikamahine Natalia Staritskaya. Soon ka mea, i ke keiki George, ka mea i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e lilo i Kumu ma Yale University.

Ma March 1888 Vernadsky (Kawaihae wehewehe i kona hele ana o ke ola) hele ma ka pāʻoihana hele a kipa Vienna, Napela a me Munich. Penei ka helu kuhi puke i kana hana i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o Crystallography wale aku no.

A ma hope o ka holomua pau 'ana o ke kulanui kālaiʻike makahiki Vernadsky nō e ho'ōla mai kēlā iā ia ma ka hele ana i' Eulopa, e kipa i ka Mineralogical Museum. Iloko o ka huakaʻi,ʻo ia i hele ai i ka Elimaʻaha kūkā o ka 'ā ina International ke anaina kanaka, a i wahi maʻEnelani. Hereʻo ia i hoʻokomo i ka Beritania Ahahui o Science.

Moscow University

Vladimir Vernadsky, hiki ma Moscow, lilo i lecturer ma ke Kulanui o Moscow, e lawe i ka wahi o kona makua kāne. Ma kona wahi e noho ai ua he nui Nine Inch keʻena hoʻokolohua, a mineralogical mahele. Soon Vernadsky Vladimir Ivanovich (ole kālaimeaola ua i ka nui o ka iteresovala opiopio nä känaka 'epekema) hoomaka ae la e haʻi'ōlelo ma ka' inikua, a physical-makemakika kumu. Nā haumāna ikaika i olelo mai ai no ka nui a me ka pono keia mau mea ike, a haawi i ke kumu.

Vernadsky ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka mineralogy like me ka' epekema ka hoʻopaʻi e noiʻi i nā minelala hao e like me maoli i huiʻia pńpa e leie aku.

I ka 1902, ka meʻe o ko mākou moʻolelo doctorate ma crystallography, a lilo iho la ia i ka piha Kumu. I ka Ia manawa, lalau iho la ia wahi i loko o ka Ahaolelo o ke kanaka hulihonua mai a puni ke ao nei, a i wahi ma Moscow.

I ka 1892 Vernadsky i loko o ka 'ohana i he keiki lua - he kaikamahine, Nina. I ia manawa, o ka makahiapo a ua ua makahiki eiwa.

Soon ke Kumu memo i "ulu" Ua hoʻokaʻawale i ka pau hou 'epekema mai mineralogy. Kona kumu, i mai la oia ia ma ka pili Ahaolelo o ke kauka a me nā kānakaʻepekema. Mai laila, he hou ka hana - geochemistry.

May 4, 1906 Vladimir Ivanovich lilo Hope Kumu ma mineralogy ma ka St. Petersburg Academy o Sciences. Ua hoi i koho i ke poo o ka Oihana o Mineralogy 'ā ina Museum. I ka makahiki 1912 Vernadskii (Kawaihae ia - Direct maopopo) i nā hana.

Holo a puni ka honua, he nä känaka 'epekema' ohi a lawe mai i ka hale i ka loa like ohi ana o na pohaku. A ma ka 1910, ka Italia naturalist hamama kāhea Vladimir Ivanovich mea pōhaku "vernadskitom".

Kona ao ana hana ma Moscow University Kumu pau i ka 1911. Ka mea, ua i kēia wā, i ke aupuni i luku mai i ka Cadet punana. I palapala o ka luna wahi haʻalele kolu o na kumu.

Life ma St. Petersburg

Ma September 1911 i nä känaka 'epekema Vladimir Vernadsky neʻe i St. Petersburg. Kekahi o nā nīnūnē e pili i ke Kumu, ua ka hou 'ana o ka Mineralogical Museum o ka Academy o Sciences i loko o ka global kula. I ka 1911, i ka iau loaa ka moolelo helu huahelu o nā minelala hao hoiliili ole - 85. Me lakou pu o na pohaku o extraterrestrial me Kinohi (meteorites). Nā ho'āʻoʻia i ua loaʻa,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Rusia, akā, i laweia mai, mai Madagascar, Italy a me Norway. A me ka hoiliili hou o ka Museum o St. Petersburg ua lilo kekahi o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ke ao nei. I ka 1914, aie i ka mea ulu ma ka lāʻau hana Mineralogical a me ka 'ā ina Museum. Vernadsky lilo kona mea kuhikuhi.

ʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o St. Petersburg nä känaka 'epekema UOAAaOON e hana i ka Lomonosov Institute, i ua e komo ana i kekahi mau oihana: Nine Inch, physical a me ka mineralogical. Akā, Eia naʻe, i ka Lūkini ke aupuni i makemake ole i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i kona mau kālā no.

Mai ka First World War, loan no radium i loko o Rusia, hoomaka ae la e hoole me ka nui loa, e mama ia, hoohiolo lakou ma muli o ka huakaʻi i ke kai me ka malamalama o ka 'epekema. Vernadsky invented e hana i kekahi komite e noiʻi i ka aoao maoli hoʻomāhuahua ai koa o Rusia. Ka Papa, a oia no kanalima-eono kanaka, i alai ai ma ke nä känaka 'epekema. A i keia manawa Vladimir hoomaka ae la e maopopo pehea ua kūkuluʻia ka holoʻokoʻaʻepekema a me ka lehulehu ola. I loko nō o ka mea e pau ai ka hewa i loko o Rusia, ke Komisina, ma ka mea ku ole, hoʻonui. A ma ka 1916, ua hiki ke hoonohonohoʻumikumamāhā akeakamai kaua kiʻi e kaua i nā wahi likeʻole o ke aupuni. Ma ka ia wā, Academician Vernadsky ua hiki ke waiho i nā kumu no ia he unuhi hou 'epekema - biogeochemistry, i ua e noiʻi i ole wale i ke kaiapuni, akā, i ke ano o ke kanaka ia ia iho.

Vernadsky kūlana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka Ukrainian 'epekema

I ka 1918 Vernadsky ka hale, i kukulu ia ma Poltava, au i paopaoʻia ka Bolsheviks. E hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i loko o Ukraine na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i hele mai, i ke nä känaka 'epekema ua hiki ke hoonohonoho mau' ā ina hele, e like me ia e ka hōʻike ma ka theme like "E noho nei mea".

Ma hope iho o ka loli o ka mana, a hoomaka ae la e alii ai maluna o ka Hetman Skoropadsky, ka mea i hooholoia, e hoonohonoho i ka Ukrainian Academy o Sciences. He mea nui i hana waihoia mai ai Vernadsky. manaoio epekema i loa maikaʻi pāʻoihana makemake e, e lawe i ka hana o ka Russian Academy o Sciences. Kēia kula i ka haawi i ke kūpono 'ana o ka mea a me ka uhane moʻomeheu o na kanaka, a pēlā hoʻi me ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka hoʻomāhuahua ai koa. Vernadsky, o kona Kawaihae mea he hōʻoiaʻiʻo nō o ka nui hanana e hele ana i loko o Ukraine,ʻae, e lawe ia i ka nui mea, akā, ma ka ano i ka mea e ole lilo i kamaaina o Ukraine.

I ka 1919, ua wehe i ka UAS, like hoʻi me ka 'epekema hale waihona puke. I ka Ia manawa, kńnaka e hana ana ma luna o ka loaʻa o kekahi mau kulanui i loko o Ukraine. Naʻe, i keia ua i lawa ia Vernadsky. He nō e hoʻokolohua me ola mea. A me kekahi o ia mau mea i ka mea hana hoihoi a me ka mea nui result. Akā, me ka Hekikai o ka Bolsheviks i ma Kiev i weliweli, no laila, Vladimir hoʻoneʻe i ka liluwelo ku ma Staroselie. Unexpected weliweli poe koa ia ia e hele i ka Crimea, kahi i kana wahine, a me ka kaikamahine i kali ana.

Science a kālaiʻike

Vladimir Vernadsky manaoio ia akeakamai a me ka 'epekema - kēia mau mea mau aoao loa okoa, e ike i ke ao ana o ke kanaka. Ka mea, i kekahi mau mea o ka noiʻi. Akā, kālaiʻikeʻAʻohe palena a me Hōʻike 'na mea a pau. A me ka 'epekema, ka Akä, i ke kali - ka maoli honua. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, i ka manaÿo mau mea inseparable. Kālaiʻike - he ano o ka "'aiaola" 'ia no ka' epekema. Epekema, ua'ōlelo ia ke ola - ka mea, o ka hookahi hapa o ka mau loa ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i ka ikaika a me ka mea.

I na makahiki hope o kona ola ana, Vladimir Ivanovichʻia maila kona mau philosophic manaʻo o escalating mau mea o ke ola i loko o ka'āina o ka naʻau, i mea ka biosphere i loko o ka noosphere. He manaoio aku i ke kanaka naau - keia mea i ka pili ana nō ka ikaika o ke evolution, no laila, ua auou caiaiai na keʻano o ka hanaʻana maoli ma ka manao.

Geochemistry a me ka Biosphere

I ka makahiki 1924, Vladimir Vernadsky paʻi i ka puke noa i ka ' "Geochemistry". Hana i kākau i loko o ka 'ōlelo Palani, a hookuu ia ma Palika. Wale ekolu makahiki ma hope, "(essay) ma Geochemistry" ikea ma Lūkini.

Ma keia hana a nä känaka 'epekema generalizes mea hiki a me kaʻimi naʻauao' ike e pili ana i ka pńpa nā'ātoma, e like me këia i ka haku mele 'ana maoli geospheres. Ma keia ua hana ka mea i haawiia mai ai i ka manaʻo o "ola mea" - he lākou o ka meaola i hiki ke aʻo ma ka like me kekahi 'ē aʻe mea: e wehewehe i ko lakou mau kaumaha, Nine Inch haku mele' ana a me ka ikehu. Geochemistry ua hoakakaia e like me ka 'epekema e Haʻawina ka Nine Inch haku mele, a me nā kānāwai o ka propagation o ka Nine Inch hehee wale ma ka Honua. e hiki ke uhi i nā mea a pau o ka iwi kemikala keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ka loa nui kaawale kaʻina ua noʻonoʻo 'ona i solidification a me ka huʻihuʻiʻana. A eia no ke kumu o nā mea a pau kemikala keʻano o ka hanaʻana ua manaoia e ia i ka ikaika o ka la, a me ka umekaumaha ka wela.

E ho ohana i nā kānāwai o ka puunaue ana o Nine Inch hehee wale, Lūkiniʻepekema e ulu kemikala Time], e like me na aoao e loaʻa nā minelala hao.

Vernadsky i ka hopena i kekahi hoike ana o ke ola e ola ana wale nō i loko o ka palapala o ka biosphere - he nui nenoaiie o "ola wahi". I ka 1926, Kumu paʻi i ka puke "Biosphere" i loko o ka mea ana i ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i nā kumu o ke o kona mau kānāwai. Ka puke i loaa i ka meaʻuʻuku, kākau i loko o alodio makakū 'ōlelo. Ua alakai aku ai i ka makemake o na mea he nui heluhelu.

Vernadsky ua kālaiʻia biogeochemical hapai ana o ka biosphere. Ma ka mea, i ka manaʻo i ike i ka waiwai ola, oia no keʻano o Nine Inch oihana mua i loaʻa i loko o nā mea a pau meaola e noho ana i loko o ka heluna kanaka.

biogeochemistry

Biogeochemistry mea he 'epekema i Hawaiʻi i ka haku mele, me nā hale, i ka i loko o ke ola mea. ʻepekema, ua hōʻike 'kekahi mau nui kumu, ae hōʻike ana i ke kumu hoʻohālike o ke ao nei.

He aha hai Vladimir Vernadsky?

Ke biosphere - ke ola papa o ka Honua - e, aole loa e hoʻi i kona mua moku'āina, no laila, hoʻololi a pau ka manawa. Akā, e noho ana ia mea i ka ikaika kemikala hopena ma luna o ka honua a puni mākou.

Ka Honua ka lewa - he biogenic ho okumu, e like me ke aumeume aku la no o oxygen a puni ke ao nei, ua oi nui ma mua o ke kaua no kaʻai.

I ka loa a me ka mana ka nohona ola ikaika i loko o ke ao nei mea he mea koʻohune, e wehe ae i Leeuwenhoek.

I ka 1943, ke nä känaka 'epekema i kumu kāki i ke Temepela, a me ka Stalin uku. Ka mua hapalua o ka uku Kumu i haawi aku i ka pale'āina dala, a me ka lua o ka lilo ma ke kuai o ka 'ā ina hoiliili ole o ka Russian Academy o Sciences.

Vernadsky ka olelo e pili ana i ka biosphere , a me ka noosphere

Noosphere - he noniakahi 'ā ina wahī o ka Honua, a ua hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o ka moʻomeheu a me kaʻanoʻenehana hana o ke kanaka, e like me maoliʻike manaʻo a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana. ua i ka nui loa tenet o ka manaʻo i ke kūlana o ka manao keiki a kānaka ma luna o ke kaiapuni.

Vernadsky ka olelo e pili ana i biosphere a me noosphere hoʻokolokolo ai i ka muli o ka ike paka i like me ka hopena o ka Logical evolution. No hoi Kumu ua hiki ke kilokilo i ke anoe o na palena o ka noosphere, la me ka manao noho kekahi kanaka i loko o ka lewa. E like me ka Vernadsky, ka noosphere o ka hookumu ana o ke aloha o maoli ka maikai a me ke kanaka. Nolaila, mea hāʻawi i ke kumu, e mālama i kēia aloha a me ka ole, e luku aku ia.

Ka wahi ho omaka no ka muli o ka noosphere o ka muli i loko o ke kanaka ola ana o na hana mua a me ke ahi - pela no ia i huli ai i ka pomaikai o ka holoholona a me ka mea kanu ao, hoomaka ae mālama nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka hanaia'na o ka mahi kanu, a me ka domestication o ka holoholona. A, ano, i ke kanaka, aole ia e hoʻomaka i ka hana me ka naauao ia, a me ka mea nāna i hana.

Akā, i ka 'epekema e epa me ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ka palapala hana o ke kanaka ma luna o ke kaiapuni,ʻikeʻia ma hope o ka make ana o Vernadsky, a kapa kālaikaiaola. Akā, i kēia 'epekema' aʻole e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina o ka 'ā ina hana ana o na kanaka a me kona hopena.

Na makana i ka 'epekema

Vladimir Ivanovich ua i na mea he nui nui discoveries. Mai 1888 a hiki i 1897 ke nä känaka 'epekema hoʻomohala i ka manaʻo o nā silicates, paa i ka Mea Maluna o siliceous i huiʻia, a me kekahi hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o ka kaolin nucleus.

Ma 1890-1911 GG. He lilo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā aaiaoe mineralogy a hāpai kūikawā pili 'o Randy ma waena o ka mea pōhaku crystallization ano, e like me kona haku mele' ana a me ka ho okumu Kin.

Lūkiniʻepekema Vernadsky kōkua hoonohonoho a me ka 'ole i ka ike i loko o ke kula o ka geochemistry. Ke noiʻi mua lawelawe 'ia ka holistic study ole wale i ka Honua i ka lewa, akā, i ka lithosphere a me ka hydrosphere. I ka 1907 ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka radiogeology.

I nā makahiki 1916-1940 i ho'ākāka 'ia i nā kumu mua ka papa kuhikuhi o ka biogeochemistry, a ua i ke kumu o ke ao ana o ka biosphere a me kona evolution. Vernadskiy Vladimir Ivanovich, i ka puka o ka a hahau iho la i ke ao nei a pau, ua hiki ke noiʻi i ka laupaʻi ka maʻiʻo o na kumu o ke kino ola, e like me kemikala oihana i ka mea hana. He hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻololi o ka biosphere i loko o ka noosphere.

A mau olelo e pili ana i ka biosphere

Ka 'ole o ka biosphere, e like me ke koho ma Vladimir Ivanovich, he ehiku ka papa kuhikuhi hoailona ia mea o ka mea:

1. Hoʻopuehuʻia nā'ātoma.
2. Waiwai mai ana e noho ana.
3. Na oihana mua o cosmic kumu.
4. Waiwai i hanaʻia ma waho o ke ola.
5. Oihana mua o radioactive ka palaho.
6. Biokostnye.
7. Ola waiwai.

He aha hana Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, i ike na pakiko-no ke kanaka. He manaoio aku i na mea ola a waiwai hiki hoʻomōhala wale nō i loko o maoli makahiki, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka kekahi 'ole. Ke Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ke ola mea hoʻopili like ai i ka wa pokole, nae hou waiwai, me ka nui o ia mau hakahaka.

Akā, me ka hoʻololi o ka biosphere i loko o ka noosphere i ukali pūʻia kekahi mau aʻe:

1. Mai Lepera o ka Homo sapiens ma ka ili o ka Honua Honua, e like me kona lanakila a me ka domination ma luna o nā mea e noho ana.
2. Creation o ka 'ike'ōnaehana hoʻokahi no ka mea a pau o ka manaʻo kanaka.
3. Ka loaʻa o ka hou kumu o ka ikaika (e like me pakahi aku la ia nukelea). Ma hope o ka holomua kanaka a pau, ua loaa i ka mea nui a me ka ikaika 'ā ina ikaika.
4. Ke hiki e kahu ai i ka kanaka nā paʻi hua.
5. Ka ulu ana i loko o ka helu ana o kanaka, ka poe i komo ma ka 'epekema. Kēia ololi no hoi e haawi mai na kanaka i ka hou 'ā pūʻali koa.

Vladimir Vernadsky, nona na makana i ka kālaimeaola mea invaluable, ua optimistic a me ka manaoio aku i ka irreversible kūpono 'ana o ka' epekema ike - keia mea i ka wale lula 'hoike ola holomua.

ka hopena

Vernadsky Prospekt - ka loihi alanui ma Moscow, i hiki aku ai i ka hema-komohana o ke kulanakauhale alii. Kona Kinohi mea e pili ana i Geochemistry Institute, ao ke kahua ona a me ka 'ole-ʻepekema, a me ka welau a me ka Academy o ka General Staff. Penei, ia nô kêia ka makana o Vernadsky ma ka 'epekema, a ua hōʻike' ia i loko o ka hoomalu ana o ke aupuni. Ma keia prospectus, e like me ka moe o ke nä känaka 'epekema, loaʻa nō kekahi mau noiʻi institutes a me ka mea i ao ai kulanui.

I ka laula, a me ka nohona o ka 'epekema Outlook o ka' epekema discoveries Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky ka maikai, paha, ma ke kaʻawale, mai nā kānakaʻepekema nui o ko mākou manawa. Pili kēia no kona e piʻi like, hoomaikai aku la ia i kona mau kumu. Pinepine ia i kaua aku i na ola o kona mau hoa haumāna, aʻo ka poʻe i mōhai o ka punitive nenoaiu. Mahalo i ka olinolino o ka manao, a me ka poʻokela nā mea hiki, pu me nā kānakaʻepekema ua hiki ke hana i kekahi ikaika noiʻi kulanui o global nui.

Keia kanaka ka ola i pau ai ho opa ao.

December 25, makahiki 1944 Vladimir Ivanovich noi i kana wahine, e lawe mai i ke kope. A oiai, ua hele aku la i ka lumi kuke, ke nä känaka 'epekema ua he lolo hemorrhage. A like pōʻino i loaʻa i kona makua kāne, a ua makau iho la i ka make i ka ia make ke keiki. Ma hope o ka hana 'ia, i ke nä känaka' epekema noho no kaʻumikumamākolu lā, a aole loa hoopaa ike paka i. Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky make iho la o January 6, 1945.