Wai i na lunakanawai? Pono o ka Nobel uku Winners

IeAUPIIe, IAa IO, i ka wa a ke kanaka i ka uwa o ka Nobel uku, e pono regalia, e hoike mai ana oia - ke kāpae 'oihana i loko o kāna mahinaʻai. Akā, i kekahi manawa kanaka e ia, a me ka manawa proves i ka mea e ole pono ia.

1949 Egas Moniz, lapaʻau

A hiki aku oe invent kekahi o ka loa malignant oʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau kaʻina hana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka lapaau, ia mea paakiki e ho'āpono aku i ka uku. Aka, i ka 1949, na Pukiki neurologist Egas Moniz i i hookoia ka Nobel lua no Medicine no inventing lobotomy.

Kaukaʻepekema puka i loko o ka puniu wale no o ka hoomanawanui, mākaukau me ka lōʻihi kuikele, i kapaia o leukoma, a disconnected mai ka frontal lobe o ka lolo, e like me ka uea snapped. Kēia manipulation Ua lilo hoʻolele hauli, a me nā makahiki heʻumikumamāhā hope, Moniz loaa ka ia nā kumu kāki no ka ia.

E like me ua ikeia, lobotomy paʻa i pākōlea kanawai, a eia hoi, ia mea weliweli.

1973 Genri Kissindzher, World

No ka mea, he nui loa, ka mea mua Kuhina o State Genri Kissindzher mea i pili i ke ao nei. He nui manao ia ia i ke kaua karaima, ka mea i hoʻonohonoho 'ia lehulehu huna bombings i ka Vietnam War. Ma ka puke, ka mea kākau moʻolelo Manuela Hitchens, "ka hoʻokolohua Genri Kissindzhera" Hahai I ka manaʻo i kēia kanaka e hopu, e "no ka kaua hewa, hewa i ka manaʻo kanaka a me ka 'aʻe' ana o ke kānāwai, a me kipi i ka pepehi kanaka, kidnapping a me ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana."

Mau hea hana examples? Kissinger i kekahi o Yonamine i loko o ka malu bombing o Cambodia, a ua koi na ola o kanaka hala ole. Ua kōkua ka Chilean General Augusto Pinochet, e luku mai i na tausani o ka dissidents.

Akā Kissinger Ua lanakila ka Nobel uku, e like me ka hana ana ma luna o ke oki ai-ke ahi iloko o ka Vietnam War, i lanakila 'o ia i loko o January 1973. Ke kaua i hope a hiki i 1975. Kissinger ua kūkākūkāʻia i ke oki ai-ke ahi, a me ka mea, e hoʻolālā kaua a me bombings i loko o ke kapikala o Vietnam, Hanoi. Oe ae i manao he dissonance.

Ka makahiki 1912 Nils Gustaf Dalen, ke kālaikūlohea

Ke Nobel makana i loko o ke kālaikūlohea i hookuu ia hoʻi, i ka uwa maila i somehow hoʻololi i ka huina o ka honua manaʻo kanaka. Nils Gustaf Dalen Ua hookoia no nīnūnē hana hou i loko o Lighthouse.

I ka makahiki 1912, ua invented epekema i ka la kiwikā Solventil, a na na i ka nui o gaseous malamalama i loko o ka lighthouse. Me ka mea paa hou mai la ka lighthouse ma ka puka ana a huli i koho i ka po. O na papa, na ka hoʻokele waiwai pono o ka ikaika a me ka waiwai ka manawa hookipa ana, akā, ia mea aneane he hana mea hou i hana muaʻole e pono no ia ke hoʻolilo '.

Ka mua manaʻo o ke Komite ua, e haawi aku no ka makana i Thomas Edison, a Nikola Tesla. Ka pilikia ua i na laureates i loko o ka waenakonu o ka waiwai me ka hakaka, a me Tesla hoole e komo i loko o ka Competition. Ma kahi o ka haawi ia ana i kekahi a me ka 'ē aʻe, ka Komite nō e uku mai i ke kanaka nana i invented he kohu kūpono ola no ka mea kahiko lighthouse.

1994 Yasser Arafat, ka maluhia

Yasser Arafat mea he poʻe hoʻoweliweli paha he kinai ku okoa ana, i ka mea i nui hilinaʻi nui ma aʻaoʻao lawe oe ma ka hihia ma waena o Palesetina a me ka Iseraela. Ma kekahi ano, ia mea paakiki i ka hoole i ka Nobel uku no ka Arafat, ka mea i loaa ia ia ma 1994 no kona hoʻokô 'ana i ka maluhia ma ka Middle Hikina, ka mea nana emi o kilakila e ku ei ka backdrop o nā makahiki o ka hakakā ma ka Middle Hikina.

I ka makahiki 1993, Arafat, a me kaʻIseraʻela Kuhina Nui Kuhina Yitzhak Rabin a me ko na Kuhina Simona Peres i ulu cessation o ka papahana, seemingly pau oleʻIseraʻela-Palekekine kaua. A pau ekolu i loaa i ke kaʻana like i loko o ka Nobel maluhia lua ke kēia makahiki.

Eia naʻe, kokoke e hiki koke mai la ua he lono hoʻolele kekahi hanana: ma ka hoʻolilo 'ia'ʻana, heʻIseraʻela koa e i 'ili ma ka Islamic militants, Ua pana make iloko o kaʻIseraʻela hoʻopakele hana.

1997 Dario ai, me Moʻolelo

Paha, i kēia manawa ke Komite i makemake e kahaha ko oukou naau a pau. No ka lōʻihi manawa, he playwright a me ka puke kātuna Italy Pho ua loa mahalo.

No ke hoʻohana i kekahi palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, oia ke ike i "ka oluolu ... brilliantly loea'āhua." Akā, ke kumu o kona make?

E like me ia i ka publicist, Michael Earley, paha no ka mea, ua manao unpredictable. Kakahiaka nui, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ia ke Komite i ole koho no Rushdie, aole hoi no ka Miller, no ka mea, ua "nui ke wńnana, he mahalo."

1958 Iosua Lederberg, lapaʻau

Esther Lederberg ua kupaianaha microbiologist, akā, ka mea, 'aʻole i loaʻa ka Nobel uku. A me kana kane, o Iosua, ua ka uwa maila o keia ia nā kumu kāki, eia nae i no ka 'epekema mea nui emi. Naʻe, ka mea, ua i ka 1958, a me kāʻEsetera, i ka wahine. Penei, ia i loaa notoriety, a me ka mea i koe i loko o nā aka.

I ka 1958,ʻoʻEsetera, aʻo Iosua Lederberg hana ma ke Kulanui o Wisconsin, kahi ana i na mea he nui nui 'inikua Ua Hopu. Mua, ua loaʻa i ka mea koʻohune mea hoʻomaʻi posapahate e-coli, i wālua i ke ala no ka ao ana o kekahi, oi luna 'nā mea hoʻomaʻi. A laila,ʻo ia a me kāna kāne nui i ka hana i kapaia o replication, ma ka koʻohune i hoʻoneʻe mai o ka una honua ma luna o ka pā, e hoike ana mutation e like me antibiotic e kū'ē'ē mai. Ua hiki i ka loko i ke ola kalapona o ka koʻohune ua o ka nui no ka hooulu ana o ka hou hoʻokokoke mai i antibiotic lapaau.

Iosua Lederberg pono ka Nobel uku? Paha, akā, kana wahine ua pono ia aku. Akā, i kekahi mea i hiki mai ai i ia e hiki, e like me ka wahine kū aʻela ma luna o kona'āina.

2009 Barack Obama, ke ao nei

I ka 2008, Obama hoʻololi i ke kenekoa no ka lāʻau kū o ka Peresidena o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Nine mahina ma hope, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka Nobel Komite i ka mea, ua hana lawa ia e manaoia he beacon o ko ke ao nei, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea ana i hoouna 30,000 poʻe hao wale i Afghanistan.

E like me ke Komite,ʻo ia i ukuʻia "no kona kekahi hooikaika e hooikaika lahui diplomacy a me ke alu like ma waena o kanaka." It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka paa ana o ka 'ihiʻihi ia nā kumu kāki ua ma ke poʻo o ka US oihana emi ma mua o ka makahiki.

1974 Harry Martinson, moʻokalaleo

I ka 1974, ka haku mele a me ka mea kākau Harry Martinson loaa ka Nobel makana ma Moʻolelo. Ua makemake e i kā e hoailona oukou i ka ka mea, ua loaa ia ma ka noho ana i loko o ka pololei aina a me ka pili aloha i ka poʻe pono.

E like me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, Martinson i ka loa a me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi palapala haku mele o kona hanauna. Mua o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia i kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia lōʻihi miomio o kona 'ōlelo. Akā, i ka pilikia ua i ka waho o kona maoli Kuekene e pili ana ia, mau i lohe.

Good kumu, ma ka mea āna i paha pono uku ka mea, ua loaa i ke kuleana e koho. Ae, i ka 1949, ma hope o ka lehulehu ākea o kona puke "Ka Road", Martinson i koho i ke Komite. He mea paakiki ke olelo paha i kona leo pâʻani i kaʻano nui i loko o ia nā kumu kāki ia, akā, i ka mea koe.

1992 Rigoberta Menchu, ke ao nei

Ma mua kilohi, Rigoberta Menchú manao he maikaʻi moho no ka Nobel maluhia uku. Loaʻa naʻe iâ ia ka mea, i ka 1992 "ma nā wahi o kona hana i ka nohona kaulike a me ethno-moʻomeheu e hoolaulea aku ai me ka nānā 'ana i ka mahalo i ka pono o ka lāhui' ōiwi kanaka." Her puke, paʻi i ka makahiki 1983, o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ko ke ao nei kaiāulu. Ua hoi a hoomalu i na pono o Mauna mahiʻai e kaua ana i ka luhi o Guatemalan.

Akā, no ke aha la hoopakele ae o ka pono, aole ia e pono i ke ia nā kumu kāki?

I ka New York Times reporter David Stoll, ka poe i kipa i ka Quiché (Guatemala), ua he loa okoa wahi o ka Hawaii e pili ana i ke kahua i loko o ka māhele 'āina. Apparently, ka nui noiʻi Stoll, pena kiʻi, ka Nobel kōmike makemake ole a i ka lohe. Menchú a me kona guerrilla koa, ua like brutal like me ka Guatemalan koa, akā, ua lanakilaʻo ia i ka lua o ko ke ao nei, ka hōʻike i konaʻaoʻao, e like me ka maʻi.

2016 Bob Dylan, moʻokalaleo

ʻae nō hoʻi, Bob Dylan - he mele nui, a me kona poetry o kekahi o ka loa kū hoʻokahi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke mele. Aka hoi, o ka Nobel komite kumu kāki i ka makana i Dylan i ka 2016 no ka moʻokalaleo, ua kena ae la i kekahi flurry o ke kahakaha.

Dylan ia iho, ka mea i aneane iʻae i ka ia nā kumu kāki i loko o kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka lanakila,ʻo ia hoole i ka olelo i ka olelo ana kokoke a i ka hope loa lua.

Ma kekahi o nā māhele loa mua o kona kamaʻilioʻana,ʻo ia Shoes i "na mele oko mai o ka moʻokalaleo: ka mea, i mea e e mele,ʻaʻole e heluhelu." Dylan hope hoʻokomo akula i kona loa meaningless like kiʻekiʻe nō, a me ka Nobel makana no ka mea.