Polarization o dielectrics

A kŰia ma i ia lŘlŘ ma ka insulator mea i kaupalena 'ia i loko o ka nui o ka pohupani hale-pili' āhewa 'ana, a he mea i huli uila dipoles, loaa ka inoa i loko o ke kālaikūlohea polarization o dielectrics. I loko o kēia kaʻina kānāwai kekahi spontaneously, ma muli o ia na kumu, a ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mawaho koa, mua o nā mea a pau, ka pila nui kihapai.

Ke physico-makemakika mau manaʻo kaʻina ua wehewehe aku ma ka polarization maʻi lele ia ho i ka kūpenu iho ia i ka minute hookahi, a ua ike ma ka pili ana i ka nui o ka dielectric ka leo. Muli o kona kulana pinepine i loko o ka physical pōʻaiapili o ka i Nohie hua'ōlelo - polarization. Kēia aiao Ua hoʻohana 'ole wale, e noonoo i ka macroscopic moku'āina. Ua hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hōʻike i kekahiʻike manaʻo me ka waiwai i emi iho ka polarization o dielectrics.

Ma ke kumu o keia olelo, ua hiki formulate he pono symptom o ka kŰia. Oia ka moku'āina o ka dielectric i loko i ka mea, ua 'akomi i ke alo o ka kūpenu iho ia i manawa ma kela a me keia wahi o kona leo, a characterizes ka polarization o dielectrics.

O kŰia kekahi henua i ka ano. Hoomaopopo i na laha 'like me ka poloʻai polarization o dielectrics, i ua kena ae la ma ka aoao o ka mawaho uila mahinaʻai, noho'na makaainana i ulu, i hanaʻia i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o mawaho Luna polarization me mechanical (ferroelectric) ua hanaʻia ma ka hana o ÿano Luna, wela i kupu ana ma muli o ke ana wela fluctuations.

Ke peculiarity o polarization like me ka physical kŰia mea i ka mea iʻaneʻane ole ia ma luna o ka waiwai o ka huina o ka uku o ka homogeneous dielectric, ka meaʻoi o kona leo ua ole wae. I ka Ia manawa, polarization ia lŘlŘ ma ke kahua o ua nakiiia ma na hoopii ma ka dielectric ili honua. O ka hewa a me nā kumu o ke kula a me kekahi mau hou hoʻopilikia, a ua kuhikuhi aku ai i ka maʻi lele o ka mea mawaho maʻi lele kahua.

Mea nui i loko o ka mea kū, a me ka polarization o dielectrics Mea Maluna e like me kona mau maomeka. Ma keia manao ia mai nā 'o ia ano:

- Ka Neʻekau ka ano o ka mea i loko o a ke 'ole e maopopo hiki papa me kekahi conductivity. Oia polarization ua wehewehe aku ma ka hoʻopaneʻe 'ia ana ia hana;

- lolouila polarization mea e hoʻoneʻe i ka leho o nā'ātoma ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mawaho ka pila kihapai. Kēia - ka wikiwiki 'ano o ka polarization;

- ion ua wehewehe aku ma ka ia aʻe e like me ka uilaʻoe, akā, ma keia hihia he mea ole pohupani hale o leho o nā'ātoma, a me ka neʻe wahi 'ole aniani puka olu oia i ' ona;

- kūpenu iho ia i, a me ka mea ua kapaia kohoʻia polarization ua wehewehe aku e nui ka pōʻino, ke kumu o i mea no ka lilo nui o ka ikehu i ka lanakila i ka na wahi i pili i loko o ka dielectric. No ka mea kohoʻia o ka polarization o dielectric ano kŰia o ka maikaʻi-i ho'ākāka 'kohoʻia o nā dipoles;

- huina'ine hoʻomaha ua wehewehe aku ma ka loaa ana i kēia kohoʻia he hewa ma ka electrons;

- ion-hoʻomaha polarization dielectrics i hoikeia ma ka neʻe Ion e lilo nawaliwali na wahi i pili, a paa stably i loko o ke aniani puka olu oia i aka wahi mea 'ole;

- He hihia ua i hōʻike 'ia i loko o ka ua kohoʻia dielectric hehee wale, akā, i loko o keia hihia i kēia mau kumu mua i ka likeʻole impurities, a maupaʻa he dielectric waiwai. Kēia polarization ia lŘlŘ oi lohi;

- noho'na makaainana i ulu (noho'na makaainana i ulu) malamaia ma dielectrics me ke kiʻekiʻe loa permeability kiko'î, e kapaia ka mea, ferroelectrics;

- wehewehe aku coincidence dielectric resonance alapine (frequency) o na electrons ma nä alapine hana ma luna o laila mahinaʻai, mai keia wahi aku, pololei olelo ana, e like me ka inoa.

E like me ka rula, ma na hihia a pau, koe wale no ka mea resonant polarization, kona mea hiki kekahi i kā mākou i loko o kūpaʻa kula.