"Kommunarka" - o ia kī huahelu ma Moscow

Ma ka Moscow māhele "Kommunarka" i ke kauwela noho o Henry Berry, ka mea i loa i mālama ai i Luna hoomalu o ka OGPU, a me ka NKVD. Ma hope iho ua kūikawā iauaeoia kahi kanaka i pana aku la ia, a kanuʻiaʻo ia i kēia wahi, repressed. "Kommunarka" - Hit i ka landfill, a i mua i ole loaʻa, a me ka mea e hamama i ka lehulehu. Ano, aia no he uuku ilina me ka mea paipai manaʻo eiiieaena a me ka hoailona incessantly me ka pule no na uhane o ka poe a pau i make i loko o ka halepaahao. E huli i ka mea kiko'ī kahi ka "Kommunarka" (he LIKE iieeaii) e uku hoʻomana i ka lehu o ka mōhai, ka mea, he mama. 'O kēia ka ha o kilomika o ka Kaluga alanui. Mau papa helu e hoopii mai ai i nā declassified poe hana a me nā mōhai o nā kahua kaua i mua, ua paʻi. A me ka ole a pau i rehabilitated Stalin ka make ma hope.

ʻO wai ka 'aneʻi?

Ka aina ma lalo o ka "Kommunarka" hele aku la i ka ke alahouana, i koe iho o Politburo lala a me ka moho lālā, ehiku hui republics nalowaleʻaneʻi lākou mua secretaries o ke Komite Central o ka CPSU (b), loaʻa kau mau lala o ka CEC, o ka CPC, ka Central Hoʻokō Komite, he nui secretaries o nā 'āina' Komite, i ka Comintern ... nā inoa o nā mea a pau i ka alohilohi a me ka leo nui: Bubnov, Bukharin, Rykov, Rudzutak, Krestinsky, Pyatnitsky, Berzin, Kuhn. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ka sonorous inoa i i e hoopoina "Kommunarka". Hit ka landfill, i ua poe i loko o ka Hawaii photo pepa, a ua kanuia iho la na mea he nui kanaka.

Here a me ka poe nui o ka pā ilina (Dybenko, Kuibyshev, Kireev) a kākau (Pilnyak, Artom Vesoly, Gastev, Shakhovskoy), 'aneʻi nō na me ka luna hoʻoponopono o "hunaahi", "Red Star", "ka palapala, ai Gazette", "na Hana Lima". Like pono me maikaʻi loa ka noiʻi a me koʻikoʻi nō na kii o ke akamai a me ka moʻomeheu. More ma mua o ka tausani kāhuna a me Orthodox i manaoio kanu "Kommunarka". Hit ka landfill a me ka haawi ana i ka mua People ka Commissar ua manawa i haawiia mai ai i St. Ana ka hoailona.

moku'āina malu

All wahi o ka nuipa a hooko, a kanu ana hoi, o ka pili pio ua pololei hoomaluia, a me wale i ka mea e malu ai nā lawelawe i ike e pili ana i ua poe la. A hiki i nā limahana o ka iauaeoia i Ua ike no ka mea i ka mea, e kiai ana, aole lakou i ike i kekahi mea i papa lunakiaʻi wale kī ikepili koʻikoʻi kahua, akā, kā lākou mau hana i kaupalena 'e hōʻoia i ka maluhia o nā panalāʻau e noho, a i ole haole mea. Eia mai ka manawa i ka manawa i laweia mai ka honua e ninini i loko, e hoopau i ka lua - i ka mea a pau i ka 'ike i loaʻa i kekahi o ia kī huahelu. "Kommunarka" a hiki i kēia lā i ole i hoopuka ia i kona mea huna.

'ana o nā mea

Ano, i ka huna pale i nā wehe 'ia, e wehe ae Kahiko, palapala hoike o na kamaaina (nae ka mea hiki ke ike?). Moʻolelo këia i ka LIKE papa inoa e declassify i ka FSB. Hookolokolo aku la ia lakou iho hoolewa ana: helu lua, ana, loaʻa ko läkou 'o nā pōkā ma luna o ka lāʻau. Ko läkou 'o laumeki uea i mea hiki e hooholo i ka nui o ke kī pūʻana ciia.

A pau keia hana i hoʻomaka wale ma ka nineties o ka hope kenekulia. Moscow hoʻomanaʻo mau ai i ke aupuni subsidized papahana ma ka "Kommunarka" a ma ka Butovo kī pūʻana laulā. Eia naʻe, papahana i ole, ua hoʻomaopopo loa, mai ka holoʻokoʻa wahi mai ka makahiki 1999 ua aia i loko o ka mana o ka Moscow Patriarchate.

palapala

O nä waihona palapala wale he mau kanu ioauoa repressed kanaka: Yauzskaya Halemai Moiwahine (waena o Moscow), Vagankovsky pā ilina Donskoy crematorium. KŘpa a ikepili koʻikoʻi ioauoa "kī pūʻana huahelu" Kommunarka "" a "o ia kī huahelu" o Butovo "" Aia mea wale unreliable eyewitness hoike a me ka hoike i haawiia mai e ka commandant o ka NKVD ARP Sadowski i ka 1937.

Ka helehelena hanaʻeliʻana "o Butovo" hoʻokūpaʻa i ka olelo hooholo, e noonoo i ka wahi o ke kanu ma hope o nā kī. No ka lōʻihi manawa, a na na kamaaina i i ike i lalo i ia mea he LIKE huahelu "Kommunarka". USSR ana ola piha ola e piʻi like.

waiwai wahi

Ia i kī pū huahelu "Kommunarka" a me ka ia i loko o Butovo i kekahi mau mea nona, a no ia mea, me ka nui loa okoa mai kekahi i kekahi. Ka hope e hoʻomalu aku i ke kapikala ana o ka NKVD, a "Kommunarka" - ka KGB, ke kikowaena oihana. Ia mea, "o Butovo" pana kiu, saboteurs a me ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli mai ka lalo, a me ka "Kommunarka" - o ka luna o ke kipi.

I mai la lakou a pau i noho i loko o ka Kremlin. Hope lunahoomalu o People ka Commissars Rykov, ka poe i kakauinoa i ka mea ma luna o ka Solovetsky hoomoanaʻi kūikawā hookohu ana a pau e ike. People ka Commissar o hoʻomāʻikeʻike A. Bubnov, i ike okoa ia ia iho: ma kana olelo, hoomaka ae la e kaawale poe hoahanau, a me na kaikuahine o - na keiki o ka repressed - a hoʻouna aku i kekahi mau orphanages. J. a me J. Rudzutak Unshlikht i ka manao paa o ka Central Hoʻokō Komite koi i ka hanaia'na o ka'ākau mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, a au mamuli pena lākou hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha. A pau a lakou i hana ai. A laila ka mea i hālau a kī pūʻana huahelu "Kommunarka" ia lakou iho (Moscow māhele 'āina).

No ka hooko ana i "o Butovo" nalowale "ekolu" a i "elua" o ka NKVD a me ka makai, a "Kommunarka" pihaʻi me hoahewa ia e ka Aha Kiekie o ka USSR, me kona mau koa nā hoapili, a me keia mea ke kiekie Hookolokolo mana i loko o ke aupuni. Mau papa helu o ka poʻe i make i laila, no ka hapanui loa i ka hoailona i ma ka lima o Stalin ia ia iho. Ae hoʻolele huahelu "Kommunarka" ma ka hou Moscow - he symbolic wahi, kaumaha, ma ka lewa iho e malama e loaa ana i pepehiʻia, a me ka ua nui piha ka honua i ko lakou koko.

Hoahanau a me na makamaka

Stalin ka pana kahua kaua iloko o ka inoa o 44,5 tausani, o ka i 38.000 i pana. Total 383 papa inoa i koe e pili ana i ka wā mai o Pepeluali 1937 i October 1938, ma ka hou he mea i ka inoa o Stalin Molotov, Voroshilov, Kaganovich, Zhdanov, Kosior a me Yezhov.

Ka hapa nui o na kanaka i loko o ka papa e i pale mua o ka hooko ana o kekahi hookolokolo ana a me ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana. 'O kēia ka NKVD luna a me nā hanauna o kēia mau limahana. No ka laʻana, Berry huki i ka umikumamalima kanaka paʻa me ia i loko o ka mea kokoke, aʻaʻole pēlā nā: kana wahine (a me ka hoahānauʻo Sverdlov) J. Auerbach, i kona mau kaikuahine, a no laila, ma luna o. O ka papa, i waena o ka mea i hiki ole ia ihola ia moʻolelo kaulele, a maʻaʻohe ala hewa kanaka.

dacha

A hookahi-yoa? Iiai laau hale Commissar Yagoda kukulu i ka 1928. Ka haʻalele hapalua oia o ka eono a ehiku olinolino, a akea keena, a me ka pono, ua pili i ka hoʻoponopono keʻena a me nā keʻena no nā kahu. Mai Mai hoʻonānea i loko o ka Hammock paha ma luna o ka moe i hele mai iʻaneʻi mea nona. Kēia hale i ka noho ana o ka halawai mua a me ka malu hana, a me ka lua - no ka hookahakaha ana o kekahi mau anniversaries a me kūikawā nā lā.

Kokoke a pau o ka noho loa ma ka aina o "Kommunarka" mua kipa ka keia neoneo e like me ka hookipa ana hoa. 'Aʻole ma ka makehewa ka mea, ua olelo mai ia i ke kipi hoopau a pau o kona mau keiki. I ka poʻe i hele mai i ka poe hoaai, lumi hana ua loaʻa ma loko o ka lumi hoʻi ma lalo o ka laka, a kī. Kuke a me nā koʻokoʻo hale mala lawe mai me ia i na manawa a pau i wehe "Kommunarka" kī pūʻana huahelu. Ka lā o ka hanana ua noʻonoʻo mai ka mea mua nui hooko - September 2, 1937. A Ua hopuia mālama '-Berry ia iho - ma March.

Helu kuhi henua a me turnout

Lua kupapaʻu i loko o mākou'āina o ka hailonaʻana, a me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi kahua "Kommunarka" Ua loa okoa mai o ia mau mea. Eia waiho ka waiwai - ke aupuni o ka USSR, a me nā republics o ke Komite Central o ka aoao hoa, ka People ka Commissars, a me nā kuhina a me kona mau lunakanawai, he mau kauwa lawelawe i na aina, he nui na mea kuhikuhi; o Central papa, paulele nui a me nā hale hana, he wahi lihi iki o ke koa - ke kaʻao, e pili ana i nā mele i haku a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni wehe: ka mahele luna,'akimalala, koa akamai. People, ua aeia no, influential a koʻi kaua e na kanaka.

Ka helu kuhi henua o nā mōhai olelo no lakou iho. He nui nā kupa 'aneʻi e nā ai ka Kremlin - Bukharin, Krestinsky, Rudzutak a me nā punahele o na kanaka. Dauprat - Aupuni House, Kapa hou i ke hoolaʻi humorists ma ka remand hale - ma ke alanui Serafimovich. Kaulana a me ka malamalama lima Yuri Trifonov ka hale ma luna o ka Waialo, ma kahi he mau n iaainoaoeii neo wale 507, a ua hopu 787 o kona poʻe e noho ana, o ka mea a 338 i pana aku ai, a 164 - ma Kommunarka. More Ua mālama ka hale ma luna o Granovsky, kekahi mau hale ma Gorky a pipiʻi hotel, kahi kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe luna aupuni o ua, ua lawa ia ma kekahi mau manawa.

Scouts paha kiu?

Inā he kanaka pepehi 'ē aʻe kanaka, a mau loa aku nui kanaka e hele pū, e pepehi ia ia. Ua mau ka hana. Eia, ma ka "Kommunarka" mau diplomats a me nā kākā'ōlelo o na elele, a koa attaches. Eia, he umi a pau oihana akamai oihana i haʻalele i ko lakou luna. A 'aneʻi counterintelligence a me ka manao luna, kiu Kapa hou i ke. Pehea e kākau e pili ana i kana kane S. Efron Marina Tsvetaeva i kākau ai i Beria, o ke kanaka kuleana i ka mea kiekie loa, mohai a me ka maemae, a me ka mea maikaʻi loa ke kanaka kona huiʻana i loko o koʻu ola.

A ma mua, White kaua me ka piha rejection o Soviet mana, koke ringing ma ka malu hana NKVD? A pehea EMRO, kona Luna hoomalu Kutepov, ka mea kidnaps Efron? ʻO wai ka mea i waena o ia mea a me ka wahine holoi kaumaha aku? A oi Ua aihueia General Miller, ka mea i pepehi Reiss ... A ma Paris lilo kokoke loa (ka makai makemake papa inoa), i ka 1937, Efron hoi aku la i ka Soviet Union, i ka 1939 i mahuʻi mua o ka hana ana no na manao lawelawe, a ua hopuʻia, akā, i pana aku la ia i loko o "Kommunarka" wale nō i ka 1941. Mākou i ka huli i ka hoike. ʻOiai ka mea, i makemake ai i kekahi manawa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea, i kēia manawa i ka i ana i ka pono pana aku la ia.

haawina Cheka

About Chekists - oi loa. He nui nā ikepili paipai i ka mea hoa i ka "Iron iho la o Pelika" ke ano o ia kī huahelu "Kommunarka". Address eiooaa? Ua repressed hua i pili - e hoailona oukou Yezhov, e kukakuka me Stalin. Initially ka mea, ua. Mua ekolu mau lua kupapaʻu, Version 2, 20 September a me 8 October, ka oi aku o ka KGB. A laila oki ihola ano.

254 maluhia luna hāʻule i loko o kēia'āina: People ka Commissar o Mordovia, oo manuale na mea a pau "Dalstroi" warden ma Solovki, ka luna o ka NKVD o Ukraine, a he nui na mea e ae. Elua Hope Dzerzhinsky, a hiki i kona hea ka hoa, a colleague J. aku la o Petero, i pono me ka initiator o ka "Red weliweli" M. Latsis - a pau o ia i pana ma ka "Kommunarka" a kiolaʻia aku i loko o ia mau lua i i eli iho no ka 'ē aʻe.