Hydrochloricʻakika

Hydrogen koloriside kinoea mea e pili ana i 1,3 manawa kaumaha ia ma mua o ka ea. He mea i kala like 'ole, akā, me ka pahi kńnaka a me ka ano ala. I ka wela o ka hua 84C, hydrogen koloriside kinoea hele mai ke kinowai moku'āina, a me ka solidifies i hua 112C. Hydrogen koloriside ua mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai. Kekahi hano o H2O hiki ka hoʻokemu mai i 500 ml o ke kinoea. Ka pāʻoihana ua kapaia kona hydrochloricʻakika a hydrochloricʻakika. I kia hydrochloricʻakika ma 20C, wehewehe aku ma ka mea i kā mākou hiki nui hapa iki o ka kumu waiwai e e 38%. Ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana - mea he ikaika monobasicʻakika (ma ka lewa "nicotine", a me ka ona mau loaʻa nui i ka wa a ho okumu i kaʻakika noe), ka mea i loaʻa nā inoa: hydrochloric, a ma Ukrainian nomenclature -ʻakika koloriside. Ke Nine Inch haʻilula ke hoʻokū 'ia ma kēia palapala: HCl. Molar nuipa mea 36,5 g. / Kameleona. Pa apŘ o ke kiaʻana i kāna hydrochloricʻakika ma 20 ° C like me 1,19 g. / Cm³. He He palapala waiwai e pili ana i ka lua o ka papa o ka pilikia.

Ma ka "maloo" palapala hydrogen koloriside hiki ole pāʻani aku me ka mea hana i eliiaʻi, akā, i loko o ke alo o ka ona mau ka naoh puka mai he vigorously. Ua ikaika hydrochloricʻakika mea hiki ke pane koke me nā mea a pau i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia a mea ai i ka hema o ka hydrogen i loko o ka electrochemical moʻo. Eia hou kekahi, ia reacts me ka walaʻauʻana a me ka amphoteric oxides, mau kumu, a me ka paʻakai me:

• Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + h2 ↑;
• 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O;
• 3HCl + Fe (OH) 3 → FeCl3 + 3H2O;
• 2HCl + Na2CO3 → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 ↑;
• HCl + AgNO3 → AgCl ↓ + HNO3.

Ma waho aʻeo ia mau waiwai ano no kela a me keia o kaʻakika ikaika, hydrochloricʻakika ua hoemi waiwai ma kiaʻana i kāna palapala reacts me keʻano o ka oxidizing konohiki, ka hoʻokuʻu 'noa chlorine. Paʻakai o kaʻakika chlorides hea. Ua aneane e hooholo koke wailana i loko o ka wai a pau o lakou, a me ka loa dissociate i loko o Ion. Liilii wailana nō: e alakai koloriside PbCl2, kala koloriside AgCl, mercurous koloriside Hg2Cl2 (calomel) a me ka cuprous koloriside CuCl. Hydrogen koloriside mea hiki ke komo i loko o ka hou naoh i unsaturated hydrocarbons me ka papalua paha Triple hoopaa, ai ka chlorinated ke aloha i huiʻia hana.

I keʻena hoʻokolohua kumu ua loaa hydrogen koloriside ka wā i hooleiiaʻi mawaho, e maloʻo paʻakai koloriside me sulfuricʻakika conc. Naoh ma lalo o kekahi mau hana e hana ana, e lilo paʻakai paʻakai (oleʻakika meakino):

• H2SO4 + NaCl → NaHSO4 + HCl
• H2SO4 + 2NaCl → Na2SO4 + 2HCl.

Ke naoh mua hele ma ma haʻahaʻa wela, i ka lua o ka - ma kiekie ana wela. No laila, i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua hydrogen koloriside maikaʻi loaa i ka hana mua, no ka mea, i ka dala o sulfuricʻakika ua waiho e lawe i ka uku o ka loaa ana mai o NaHSO4ʻakika paʻakai. A laila, ma ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia hydrogen koloriside i loko o ka wai ua loaa hydrochloricʻakika. I ka hana, ka mea, ua loaa ia ma ka ahi i loko o ka lewa o ka hydrogen a chlorine ka hoohuoi ana maloo paʻakai koloriside (wale no ka lua o ka naoh helu kaulike) o sulfuricʻakika conc. I hydrogen koloriside ua loaa me he he hopena ia i loko o ka chlorination o ka paʻa kūhohonu loa ke aloha i huiʻia. I hana, hydrogen koloriside loaa ma kekahi o ka mea ma luna o kāu kiʻina hana i mea hoʻoheheʻe ma kūikawā hale kiaʻi ma i ka wai a ua hele mai ka luna a lalo, a me ke kinoea lako mai ka lalo maluna, a laila ma luna o ka countercurrent rula.

Hydrochloricʻakika ua kaʻi aku i loko o kūikawā gummed poʻina nalu a ipu, e like me ka pono me ka barela 50 hano ea ole aniani omole me ka 'auhau 20 nā lika. A hiki i ka naoh o kaʻakika me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia he mea he pilikia o pahū hydrogen-ea nā mea huihuina. Nolaila, he mea pono e loa eliminated like me ka hopena o ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka hanaʻia, ke hydrogen naoh me ka lewa, akā, i (Via anticorrosive ka paleʻana)ʻakika hui 'ana me ke hooheheeia. Mua outputting apparatuses a me pipelines, kahi ia i waihonakala a kaʻi aku, no ka hoʻoponopono, ka mea i pono, e hoʻomaka i ka naikokene hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka a kanaka hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana o ke kinoea pae.

Hydrogen koloriside ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia ma ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka etching metala makaukau o ka paʻakai, a me ka mea kemikala ma ka mākau haʻawina. Hydrochloricʻakika ua hua mai la ia e kekahi oaoieei-GOST 857-95 (kikokikona mea'ālike i ka hoʻonohonoho 'maʻamau ISO 905-78), mea kemikala - e like me ka GOST 3118-77. Lehulehu o ka oaoieei-huina hoonui hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea e like ai, aʻano a i e 31,5%, 33% a 35%, a me ka huina hoonui helehelena mea yellowish no ka mea, o ka maʻiʻo o ka hao huikala ana o chlorine a me nā Nine Inch waiwai. Kū'ēʻakika pono e colorless a me ka aniani moakaka wai a me ka nui hapa iki o ka mai 35 a hiki i 38%.