Winter ulu hua lulu, heʻahahui mahi ana, ke kumu o ka make

Winter na hua ma ka mālama nui mahiʻai hana o ka mahi ke haawi aku, e haawi aku i ai i 60-80 kg / aa. E hoʻokō i ka hopena, ka mea i pono, e lawe mai seedbed hoʻomākaukau me ka hōʻoni i ka 'ike loea hou, e hooko i kanu nā lā, e hoʻohana i ka e pono ai ke lulu ano no i kekahi kaiaulu a me i malama pono i ka mea kanu i ka manawa o ka ulu ana a me ka maturation. A laila, hiki ke hoemi i ka palena iki kiko'î ka make ana o ka hooilo ulu.

I ka manaʻo o ka hooilo a me ke kauwela meakanu

Winter ulu - makahiki kanu, cereal, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO cereal mau ohana. Oia kanu i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka nui oihana i kauoha mai overwintering wā o kekahi mau mahina. Sow hooilo ulu pono, e haule iho, a ma hope o ka hoʻoilo wa e oki ai. Kēia mau 'ano o nā mea kanu i ka hooilo palaoa, bale a me ka rai.

Eia hou, ma laila hooilo meakanu pūnāwai berena mea. Akä naÿe i ka hooilo ulu kupulau ulu pono, e lūlū hua ma ka waipuna, e ohi ai, i ka makahiki o ka hua lulu. Kēia palapala kanu e noi mai ana kiekie ana wela a me ka mehana wai la. Kēia mau mea kanu nā manao o ke kupulau palaoa, ka bale, rai, ota, millet, a he nui nāʻano likeʻole.

Pono hooilo ulu

Hao a me ka hooilo meakanu e hoʻomano hoʻohana ma ka mahiʻai,ʻano likeʻole o kēia mau mea kanu e hoʻohana i ka hanai holoholona, palaoa mīkini wili pōhaku a me kekahi kanaka hokii.

Naʻe, i ka hooiloʻano o nā mea kanu i kuaiia hou no ka mea, i ka nuipa o liluwelo pono:

1. Winter moʻomeheu ke loaa hou maikaʻi kēia nuipa e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o ka wā o ka hooilo ikaika kumu kahua.
2. Ma hope o ka hoao ana i ka hooilo kanu koke hele aku i ka ulu. Ka mea, i ka uhukiia nui mua a me ka hopena o ke oo ana mamua.
3. Ka nāhelehele o ka hooilo ulu mea,ʻaʻole he keʻakeʻa nei: ka mea, ana io lakou la i loko o ka ulu a me ka ulu, a mokuhia e ia i ko lakou kaumaha wale.

Eia hou, i ka Akuma ka lulu, a kakahiaka nui kaʻohiʻana ae e unload i ka hoʻopilikia o ka mahiʻai hana.

Pono kanu manawa maoli he hardiness o ka hooilo ulu

Winter ulu i ke kiʻekiʻe hau paa ia'ku a me ka hooilo hardiness. Winter hardiness apono 'i ka mea kanu ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hooilo ana. Nō kāu, keia waiwai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke ano o kekahi mea kanu. Eia naʻe, nui ka hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka kanaka ololi: ia mea nui, e hoomakaukau pono i ka mea kanu i ka hooilo, a hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe-e like ai mahiʻai technician. Hardiness loaʻa ma ka iho i poe paakiki, a lawe wahi i loko o nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ka muaʻanuʻu i loaa mai ma mehana mahana hāʻule i loko o ka 8-15 degere. Ma ka lua o ka mua i hope Akuma ka manawa ua ua kuu iho la i nawaliwali anu wela i 5 degere.

I ka pae mua i kuleana no ka māhuahua hoʻomāhuahua o carbohydrates ma ka mea kanu. I ka pau ana o ka wā mua o ka likeʻole o nā mahi kō i loaʻa ma loko o ka moʻomeheu mea 2-3 manawa hou ma mua i ka mua o ka wā. Carbohydrates mea kanu e hoʻohana i ka pūnāwai, e kōkua i ka ikaika a me ka ulu kūpono 'ana. Eia hou kekahi, kō hooko i ka nui aiiay kuleana pili i.

I loko o ka lua o ka pae kanu nā'aʻaʻa i dehydrated, hoʻololi i kanu keena. Ua Ua undergoing loli a me kistochny wai, a kōkua i loaʻa ai hardiness. Ma mua o ka hau i ka 5 degere kanu keena hoʻohui pū alodio waiwai, piʻi pū osmosis loko keena. Culture hou kaua i ka wai, a maoli he kona aʻa omo mana. Ma ka manawa o ka pau 'ana o ka lua o ka pae e hoopaakiki ana i keena hoʻoilo ulu me ka mea e pono ai keia no ka supercooling. Complex hui i pipili i simpler waiwai.

Lulu o ka hooilo ulu hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka climatic ano o kekahi mau māhele 'āina. Ma ka akau wahi o kaʻohi hua ma August, ma ka hema - i loko o Kepakemapa ole October. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE rula - e ae i ka mea kanu no ka overwintering hooikaika i ke kumu'ōnaehana a undergo e hoopaakiki ke kahua maluhia. Mai Mai mai oukou, mailoko e kanu: kanu e hou e paha i keʻano o ka maʻi a me ka koʻohune. Eia naʻe, ina belated hooilo na hua mua aiʻaihueʻia mai,ʻaʻole i manawa e kūkulu i ka ikaika aa'ōnaehana a hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hooilo. Ua Ua loaʻa ia no ka mea maʻamau ana a me ka hoʻokumu o ka ulu pono o ka hola 45-60 lā me ke anawela ma lalo 5 kekelē Kelekia.

palaoa lulu E e hana lulu nui mua o ka rai. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ma hope o lulu rai nō mau i ka ulu, ana ka hua palaoa ua papani iho la i mua ia.

Nā Papahana no ka hooilo ulu

Aia nō kekahi mau 'ano o ka hua lulu o ka hooilo ulu. Holo nōhie, e pono e pili ana i keia rula: ia mea e pono ke hōʻoia i kaʻaʻahu o ka makana o na anoano ma ka holoʻokoʻa kahua wahi. Razbrosnoy lulu o ka hooilo ulu hana i ka loa 'ano kūpono no ka maturation o kēlā me kēia mea kanu. No keia hana o ka seeding, he kūikawā mea - he seeder. Naʻe, i kēia kaʻina 'aʻole hoʻi ia i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina hana o ka hua lulu, i nā hualoaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kona palapala noi i ka nuipa a ke kanuʻana i.

Ponoi lulu o ka hooilo ulu hiki ke maheleia i loko o kekahi mau ano ke kaumaha ma muli o ka laula ma waena o na lalani.

• maʻamau (akea ma waena o nā lālani 15-18 knm);
• paʻa? eou (laula ma waena o na lalani o ka 7.5-9 knm);
• keʻa (? eou hohola aku crosswise);
• shirokorjadnyj (akea ma waena o nā lālani 45-90 knm);
• Kāʻei (alternating ka laula, a me ka puka lalani);
• dotted (i he hookahi hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o na anoano).

Aia Ua hoi he huinahalike-huiwaina nānaina lulu i ka anoano o ka a i loko o nā kihi o ka huinahalike.

Ma ka hana nō kāu hoʻohanaʻike mau paa seeding, akā, paʻa? Eou iʻohi ua noʻonoʻo hou i kūpono no keia. No ka mea, o ka lepo compaction, mai kipaku nā kaʻa kauō ma ke kahua i hoomaka ai e hana kekahi mea kanu me ka koena laula no ke kaʻina. I ka nui o ka ia me ka Track mea like i 180 ai 140 knm. Kēia papa hana, aole ia pilikia i kaʻai i waena a me ka malama ole iki i ka lepo, i hoonui ae i ka ulu ana o ka hooilo ulu.

Mālama '-lulu lepo makaukau ma hope o mahu hana' ike loea

Lepo mahi no ka hooilo ulu hua mai la ia e ka iaoiaeii zjablevoj. Kēiaʻano komo ai, e eku ana i loko o ka Akuma ka a me 1-2 kaha onionio. E eku ana i ka mahinaai e e hana ai i ka palena iki hohonu o 20-22 knm. Hao ke hana ma lalo o ka hooilo ulu pono hoʻomaka me ka panina o ka ona mau. I loko o kēia wā ia mea i makemake loa ia e pili ana i 4-5 me ka harrowing ka mahi iia paha i loko o ka manawa maloo ma ka ape. Ka hope loa mahi pono e lawe wahi ma ka hohonu o ka seeding.

Winter ulu noi aku kūikawā lepo e hoomakaukau ai: e eku ana i ka hoʻohana 'ana kona mahi ai, aʻoiʻoi me skimmers a me ke komo lima o rollers. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō 'ia hana pono e mālama ka'āina i loko o ka maemae a me ka hemohemo mua kanu o ka hooilo ulu. Kēiaʻano o seedbed hoomalolo ua lawe mai ma hope o mahu precursors.

Seedbed makaukau ma hope o nonfallow ulu

Mahiʻai i ka'āina ma hope o nonfallow kanu pono e like me ka 'ike loea hou o ka mahi o ka mua iʻohi. Hope spike in? Ueo, he pono ole ke hana poluparovoe mahi ana i ka lepo, ina na ano o ka lepo ona mau. Hana e hoʻohui i kahi o 2-3 ka mahi iia. Ma soils maloʻo alakaʻi i ka mua oki, a laila kekahi mau manawa me ka'ō'ō palau kahua ma ka ape a me ka harrowing. Ma hope o ohi o perennials Pono e pana aku au i'ō'ō palau ana ia oo palau me hō, ina lepo ona mau mea ma ka lawa kiʻekiʻe.

Inā o ka mahinaai, a hiki i keia i ulu peas, olonā, a me nā grouts ulu, ka mea, he pono ia e mahi, a ma mua seeding mahi i loko o ka oia e like me mau.

Ano o ka palena iki mahi

Aia o he ano o ka palena iki mahi i ka hooilo ulu. A pau keia primer ua hoʻokō 'ana i ka palena iki e hiki hohonu ana ana i nā hana'ē aʻe hana. Kēiaʻano o ka aaioee e leie aku e ho'ēmi i manawa a me ka ikehu hokii no aaioee, e like me emi ka helu o nā ala ma ke kahua lako a pan. He nui hoonui ae i ka agrochemical a me ka wai-physical ano o ka lepo.

E hoʻokō i kēia 'ano o ka hana me ka hoʻohana kūikawā machines hui me ka pā hōkū a ploskoreznoj wahi. Ia mau manaʻo i loko o ka hookahi, e hele ia, a hiki hemohemo, a hoohaahaa iho mai, a me ka olelo hoopomaikai i ka lepo.

He aha hiki e kena ae la ma o ka make ana o ka hooilo ulu?

Nā kumu o ka make ana o ka hooilo iʻohiʻano. Ma kanu ola e loli nā maoli aku ana, a me mechanical poino. Natural kumu, kena ae la ia e kokololio loli ma ka wela, kiʻekiʻe nui, ikaika a me ka lōʻihi aiʻaihueʻia, stagnation o ka ona a me ka wai ma luna o ka lepo ili honua. Eia hou, ka hooilo iʻohi hiki ke koiia mai e fungal maʻi.

Ke kūpaleʻana. Pehea e pale aku?

Ka loa e like me ka kumu o ka make ana o ka hooilo ulu - ke kūpaleʻana. No ka mea, hooloihi ae i haahaa ka mahana hau ano i kanu keena. E like me ka hopena, i ka halepaahao cytoplasm koe me ka wai, e like me ke kumuʻiʻo ua luku. I ka ho okumu ana o ka hau i loko o ke keena i ka kŘpuna ia ma luna o ke ola hope o nā mea kanu. Pakahi aku la ia mea pepehi wai aiʻaihueʻia, e like me hiki ole hooilo kanu ioeo hoole aku i ke ana wela like haʻahaʻa me 8-10 degere i kēia wā.

E pale aku i ka lilo ana o ka hooilo ulu aie i kā lākou ke kūpaleʻana mai, e pono lulu wale he hau paa-hoʻopaleʻano likeʻole hakuloli i ka kekahi iʻohi māhele 'āina, a me ka pae me windbreaks.

Damping-aku. Pehea e pale aku?

Kekahi e like me ka ke kumu o ka make ana o ka hooilo mea kanu - damping-aku. Kēia ka hana ina ka lepoʻilikai hau, aole ia e maule no ka lōʻihi manawa, e like me hapa ke kūpaleʻana o ka lepo. Ka hapa-ke kūpaleʻana o ka aina a me ke kahua o ka hau pńpa ma luna o ka ili o ka hooilo mea kanu e hele mai i ke ola ma lalo o ka aoao o ka malamalama, akā, Map hiki i komo iloko o ka icy pńpa. I ka damping-aku o ka hooilo mea kanu ke make ma muli o ka malamalama i loko o ka hau. Eia hou kekahi, attenuated nutrient deficiency, he hau punahelu maʻi mea kanu.

Nā mea kanu i ole loli ana ma ka damping-la, ka mea e e olelo hoopomaikai lepo rollers, ina haule iho la i kakahiaka nui hau. He mea pono e pale aku naikokene mea hoʻomomona a me ka i lulu. Ma ka hanana a me ka ua nui mea pono e hōʻeleu i ke kaʻina hana o ka heheʻe, hemohemo i ka hau.

Waterlogging. Ke ki ina hana like o ka paio

Waterlogging me kekahi kumu no ka make ana o mea kanu, i hookuu ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā kai ma ka lepo soils a me ka wahi, kahi o ka wai pinepine accumulates. Mea kanu make manawa i naehana hoʻokō 'ole' keʻano o ka hanaʻana: excessive Kailiokalauokekoa carbohydrates e hānai iā ola. I ka 2 pule i loko o kēia mau ana na mea kanu loa e make. I mea e pale aku i ka palapala ole o ka loa i ka wai, e lawe mai iʻohiʻano likeʻole hoʻopale i ka caiieiaiey, a me ka manawa kūpono e e wehe 'ia o ka loaa ona mau.

Pinepine, mea kanu e make no ka mea, o ke kahua o ka hau crusts. Ka noho pilikia loa no ke ola o ka mea kanu aniani moakaka pńpa. Ua Ua hanaʻia i thaw, ka wā maule iho la ka wai ahau ke ma haʻahaʻa mahana. Ice hiki ke hana i na ma ka lepo 'ilikai a me ka hohonu ma loko ona. Mea kanu i trapped i loko o ka hau. E hana i ka hau pńpa i iʻa na mea kanu, e mea pono, e luku aku ia ia, ma ka hapa paha loa.

E hoola i ka dehydrated kanu, a ninau 'ē aʻe nui pilikia no ka mea ulu o ka ulu pono manawa, e mahi i ka lepo a me ka hoʻohana' ana i ka pūnāwai compacting.

Ka make mai ka hooilo maʻi a me pests

E pale aku i ka make ana o ka hooilo hua mai maʻi a me pests, ua hana koi 'ia e lawe mai i loko o ka manawa:

• pale waterlogging a damping-aku i keʻano o ka hanaʻana;
• etch na anoano mua kanu;
• hoʻomaka kāohi lapaʻau o ka ulu a me pesticides palena iki lehulehu;
• Oihana Dute scan NineManga.com meakanu e kū iʻohi ola;
• ma ke alo o kekahi mea kanu poino ma pests a me nā maʻi, e loiloi i ka pilikia o ka laha ana o poho a me ka poho o ka ulu;
• ke kaumaha ma muli o ka degere o ke kamepiula a hiki i ke kō i ka ulu koi lehulehu o pesticides.

hualoaʻa

Hao a me ka hooilo meakanu e e ulu hoʻohana mālama nui loea. Kupono, scientifically ma muli e hoʻokokoke i ka mahi ana o kiliala e ae kiʻekiʻe e haawi i ko me ka i kā mākou ka puka waiwai.