Amphoteric hydroxides - ka pālua 'ano o ka mea

Aia hydroxides i pane koke me nāʻakika a me nā kumu, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka olelo. Mau hui hoike pālua ano i kapaia amphoteric hydroxides. Ka mea i hanaʻia e ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia cation, a me ka hydroxide ion, e like me nā mea a pau me nā kumu. Ke hana, e hana i nāʻakika a me nā kumu e komo ai i kela mau hydroxides wale i pihaʻi i loko o kā lākou haku mele 'ana i na mea hiki ke hooheheeia E, Zn, Al, PB, Sn, HI, Cd, Fe, Cr (III), etc. E like me ike :. mai ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika System D. I. Mendeleyev, hydroxides e hana i kekahi pālua maoli i eliiaʻi a mea hea ka mea me ka ole-ke hooheheeia. Ua Ua manaoio i na oihana mua i hoʻololi ano, a me ka puunaue ma ke hooheheeia, a nonmetals aho ākeʻakeʻa kumu.

Amphoteric hydroxides he paa me ka pauka, finely mea pōaka waiwai i mea loa pinepine keʻokeʻo coloration mai, mai hoike mai ma ka wai a me ka iki lawelawe (nawaliwali electrolytes). Naʻe, i kekahi o kēia mau kumu ke ia ka pono i loko o nāʻakika a me alkalis. Dissociation "pālua pili 'o Randy" ma koʻana koko pāʻoihana ia lŘlŘ maʻakika-kumu type. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka mālama ikaika ma waena o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā'ātoma a me ka oxygen ma (iaʻu D) ma waena o ka oxygen ma a me ka hydrogen nā'ātoma a (G - H) e kokoke like, a laila Me - O - N. No laila, e uhaʻiʻia kēia mau mea paa e i ka ia manawa, a me kēia mau waiwai -dissotsiirovat cations H +, a OH- anions.

Eʻae i ka pāluaʻano o kēia mau hui, e amphoteric hydroxide - E (OH) _2. E noonoo i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o beryllium hydroxide me kaʻakika a me ke kumu.

1. E (OH) ₂ + 2HCl -BeCl ₂ + 2H ₂ O.

2. E (OH) ₂ + 2KOH - K ₂ [E (OH) _4] - tetragidroksoberillat potasiuma.

Ma ka hihia mua, ka neutralization naoh i wahi, i ka hopena o i mea na kahua o ka paakai a me ka wai. I ka lua o ka hihia, ke naoh huahana mea he luna 'hui. Neutralization naoh mea typical no a pau, me ka a koe, hydroxides, akā, i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka like ano wale no ka amphoteric. Oia pālua waiwai, ua ike pono a me ka 'ē aʻe amphoteric hui - metala oxides lakou ia lakou iho, ka mea i hana.

Other Nine Inch waiwai o ia mau hydroxides i ano o nā mea a pau i nā waihona ipu:

1. Thermal decomposition, naoh huahana - ka like'okesaside a me ka wai: E (OH) ₂ -VeO + H ₂ O.

2. E ka neutralization naoh me nāʻakika.

3. AiON me ʻakika oxides.

Ua mea i pono, e hoomanao i ka loaʻa mau waiwai i mai i launa pū 'amphoteric hydroxides, a laila he Nine Inch naoh 'aʻole e hele, ia mea:

1. ole-ke hooheheeia;
2. mea hiki ke hooheheeia;
3. insoluble kumu;
4. Amphoteric hydroxides.
5. awelika ka paʻakai.

Mau hui i loaa ma ka precipitating ka like mekala 'åkilikai paakai pāʻoihana:

BeCl ₂ 2KOH + - E (OH) ₂ + 2KCl.

Paʻakai o kekahi mau oihana mua i ka naoh e hana i kekahi hydrate, i ka waiwai o ka i pili loa ia mahope iho ia o ka pālua ano o hydroxides. Lakou ia lakou iho me ka pālua waiwai o ka waihona ipu hapa o na nā minelala hao i loko o ka palapala, a i hoʻomaka ai maoli ai (bauxite, goethite, etc.).

Penei, amphoteric hydroxides - he mea pōhaku waiwai, a ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ano o ka waiwai e komo ia i loko o ka naoh, hiki ke hana i mau kumu a me nāʻakika. Loa pinepine ka mea, hoʻopili like amphoteric oxides i loaʻa ka AYEIE metala ₍₂ ZnO-Zn _(OH); BeO - E (OH) _2), etc.).