Ano o ka 'ūnelunelu a me ko lakou mau ano

He 'atikala e manaoia kekahi o ka loa, he pono ole maoli me ka ho okumu, i mea kahi i paʻapū ai rehumidified lepo ili me ka ahu iho la ka peat a me ka hanana ano mau wahi nō hoʻi' ano apau loa hakuloli i na olelo o ka o oxygen deficiency, nāwaliwali ka wai kahe, a loa ona mau wale no.

Aia E e hōʻike mai iā ia i nāʻanoʻokoʻa o ūnelunelu me kā lākou pōkole ano.

kekahi mau 'ike

Aia he 3 ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ūnelunelu:

• Redundancy a stagnant wai.
• Ke alo aku o ka manaʻo, ano no ūnelunelu kanu.
• Peat ho okumu kaʻina.

Ūnelunelu ia olelo haawiia i ke kahi o ke kanu aʻa hiki ole hiki mea pōhaku lepo.

ho okumu

Mua oe i ike, i ka mea i na kumu nui ke ano o ka 'ūnelunelu, e loaʻa mai ana i ka mea e hana.

No ka ho okumu ana o ia mau pauku redundancy e pono e malama i ona mau i loko o ka lepo, a ma luna o ka luna o ia mea, a me ka nawaliwali ka wai hoonohonoho hou (i loko o na, H., A groundwater). I huli ai oe, o ka muli o ka oxygen, kena ae la ia e loa ona mau keakea, i ka hookipaia ana o ke ea i loko o ka lepo, ma ka pili 'o Randy me ka i loaʻa ka lawa ole? Anoe? Aiey (a'okesaside) koena o ka make kanu a me ka peat ua hana. Hope - he lepo kūpapakū me ke kiʻekiʻe wai maʻiʻo. He haku ana loa o decomposed mea kanu. Wehewehe aku peat e loli iki degere o ka decomposition. No ka laʻana, ka decomposition degere o ka 70% o ia hoʻi, i 70 pakeneka decomposed make mea kanu, a me ka 30 -ʻaʻohe. Kēiaʻano o ka kūpapakū mea maikaʻi i loko o ka wai-ana nona iho, no laila, he mea nō ke kiʻekiʻe wai maʻiʻo (ma kahi o 97% o ka nui ka leo).

Ano o ka 'ūnelunelu a me ko lakou mau ano

Ma ka hanai ana i na kumu a me nā 'ano apau loa maopopo fen (okoa eutrophic), malumalu (mesotrophic) a me ka noho lio (oligotrophic) niioaaonoaaiii me ka concave, i lalo, a convex ili kinona.

Ma lalo o awāwa (eutrophic) pili Swamp ke aupuni 'o kaumaha me ka hydrated ili a me ka'āina wai lepo, waiwai i ka mea pōhaku paʻakai. Lele advantageously Hānai ke kimu ole mai o ka lewa, i mea ole loa waiwai i ka mea pōhaku paʻakai. Wahi lepo wai i transient waena hui.

Kanu, maʻamau i loko o ka wahi, hoomaopopo ulu lāʻau, ka mauu, laau uuku a me ka limu ke ano o ūnelunelu. E like me ka microrelief - hilly, palahalaha, convex. Marsh - kēia mau mea i ka ūnelunelu wahi lepo wai.

Lūkini piholo maila

Kind Lūkini Swamp noonoo ma lalo nei. A nae - na mau ike.

Area wahi lepo wai i loko o Rusia ke kaha 1.4 milionaʻahā like wawae. ei (ma kahi o 10% o ka aina 'ilikai). E like me ke apuupuu koho, ka mea i kia a puni 3000 cubic mika. m kūpaʻa maoli ka wai me ke koe.

Swamp - ka mea, Aloha hala loa i luna ' kūlohelohe kahua. Ua ninoieo o interconnected biotopes, a i wehewehe aku ma ka ikaika wetting, i ke alo o keʻano o nā mea kanu i ka wai-kaukau aloha a me ka hoʻomāhuahua o kela ke aloha residues like silt paha peat. Ma kekahi mau rula o ka Lūkini aniau, 'äina, a me ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hp'pnphp pöhaku hoʻomōhalaʻano o nā Swamp, kela mea keia mea me kekahi mau ano peat hoʻokomo kālā, eʻai ka wai o a me kona moni loa' ano mea kanu.

ʻO kēia mau 'ano o ka mana lako Rusia wahi lepo wai: awāwa, uka a me ka malumalu.

Ke 'ano o ka mana

Ma lalo o ke ano keia o ka mana i manaoia ka laekahi 'ili Swamp a me ke alo o na keena, ahu iho o ka kūpapakū, ai na aa o ka mea kanu ke aupuni'. No kēlā me kēiaʻano o nā 'ūnelunelu pono ma luna i na poe ma ko lakou mana kumu.

Oi ona mau mea he nui hiʻona o kekahi wahi lepo wai. Ka mea, ke kumu o ka hanana o ho'ākākaʻano o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu, e like me kūikawā rula auaneʻiʻoukou humification i ka pakiko aniau i loko nō kāu e alakai i kāpili disintegration kanu residues a me ka ho okumu ana o peat.

Ke Leeuwerikplein hoi o ka makana o ūnelunelu i loko o Rusia

Lūkini Swamp prevalent i aneane pau maoli mau mea, akā,ʻano nui i loko o ka nōkahea, excessively pulu kaumaha. Ke bulk o ia i kia ma ka Central wahi, a ma ke kūkulu'ākau-komohana o ke komohana Siberian Plain.

Ka hapanui ūnelunelu ma Rusia - tundra a me ka taiga ciia. ūneluneluʻAno mea e lauwili. Waterlogging i loko o kekahi mau mea o ka tundra o 50%. I? Eou taiga kia o ka hola 80% o ka peat ka pohopoho o. Ma ka Europa hapa o Rusia loa ūnelunelu i Vologda, Leningrad Oblast a me ka Lepupalika o Karelia (ma kahi o 40%).

Taiga o Western Siberia piholo mai i 70 pakeneka. A nuiʻano o nā wahi lepo wai, a me kaʻAʻole loa hikina, ka hapanui i loko o ka Amur māhele 'āina.

Hoi o ka makana o ūnelunelu ma type

Kind o Lūkini ūnelunelu geographically haawi unevenly. Lio ku hapalua o ka huina Wetland wahi, a me ka mea, predominate ma ka akau wahi. Papu Ua emi ma mua o ka hapalua (40%) o ka wahi o nā wahi lepo wai. Loa uuku wahi noho ma Swamp hoʻololi (10%).

Fens, ka bulk o i kūpaluʻia muliwai a groundwater, a me ka mea anaʻano nui i loko o arid wahi. A ua - awāwa a me nā aaeuoa o nui muliwai. Upland Swampʻano nui hānaiʻia e ke kimu ole, a me ka manawa e loaʻa ka mea, i loko o taiga a me ka tundra cii o Eurasia. O ka papa kuhikuhiE hapa (84%) o ka peaty, iaono? Ua aia i loko o ka hawaiian hapa o Rusia.

A me ka mea ka i lanakila piholo maila 'ano i loko o ka' Ākau? Fens komohana Siberia ua nohoia 42%. Ka hapa nui o ka peaty aina (ma kahi o 73%) ua hoopaaia i ka wahi o ka ?? eoi? Me ka permafrost.

kanu uhi

Ma fens Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka kēia mau mea kanu: keʻokeʻo birch, alder, wilou, tidara, a spruce. Herb ua loaʻa ka hapanui sedges a me kiliala - ke kō a me kaʻohe. Mai mosses nui ulu uliuli mosses.

No ka malumalu pohopoho i wehewehe aku e birch a me ka tidara (Siberia - Dahurian a me ka Siberian larch, kedera) a me ka wilou (iki emi ma mua i loko o ka fens). Herb Ua like kanu o ka ia me ia ma ka fens, akā,ʻaʻole i loko o ka nui mea. Ka hapanui o pinepine oe e hālāwai Alpine trichophorum, ohe, sedge a me ka butylchatuyu sherstistoplodnuyu. Ua kō a me ka mea kanu ano o ka pohopoho o.

Holo ma luna o ka hana ana, he mau tidara (Siberian kedera i hui pūʻia me ia) a me ka Dahurian larch. Bush mea iʻaneʻi ma nā mea a pau, akā, mea prevalent i loko o kēia mau wahi o ka pae o ka Heather: Cassandra, Heather, rosemary, blueberries a me cranberries. Aia ua nui ulu birch dwarf a me Crowberry (crowberry). Common i loko o ia mau wahi, a hookahi-poo pulupulu mauu (uliuli), he nui tussock-ho'āno. Oe hiki pinepine loaʻa, a me ka cloudberries sundew. Mosses i poe 'aneʻi wale sphagnum.

Penei, o kekahi mea hiki ke ano o ka peat a me ka mea kanu i ka hoohewa aku i (i kaulana ma luna), ka 'ano o ka' ūnelunelu.

Ma ka hopena, i? Aneie nīnūnē

Ma nā makahiki, nui a me ka nui, he io Aey? Acaeoey i pili i ka excessive, luku ka hanaʻino o ūnelunelu. Mua o nā mea a pau i kēia haumia ea, excessive ka waiʻai ana mai o ka lepo, a me ka nui? Iecaianoaaiiie o peat. Nō hoʻi, Ua pâʻani 'o ia ma ka ninini a me ka'ō'ō palau ana ia, kue o ka hydrology? Eia i ka hana o ke alanui, ka aila a me ka kinoea pipelines a me nā iauaeoia kūlana ano nui i.

Nōkahea o ūnelunelu pinepine hiki aku ai i ke peat ke ahi, aina hoʻololi iho a me ka lilo ana o liluwelo ka nohona nā hualoaʻa a. pono e lawe mai i ka hana pono, a me ka obligatory mālama o ka hapanui o na 'ūnelunelu. Mai poina e hahai i ka rula o ka mālamaʻana i? Aneeo kaulike ma ka ano.