Ano o kaulikeʻole Competition. 135-FZ "Ma 'ohana ka palekana o ke Competition"

Competition mea he kūikawā ka hakakā ma waena o nā mea hana keaka aneiai. Kēlā me kēia no ia e imi, e hana no lakou iho i ka maikai loa keia, a hoʻokō i kā mākou pāʻoihana hualoaʻa.

Mea Maluna

Competition paha e:

• hemolele;
• kaulikeʻole;
• imperfect;
• kuai;
• monopolistic;
• hana;
• hui panakō a pela aku.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o

Ma ka aneiai'ōnaehana, ma laila nō nā walaʻauʻana ke ano o na Competition: hemolele a me ka imperfect. Ka mea mua o kaʻimi naʻauao? Ieoaeunoai, i ka maikaʻi. Kēia kükohu ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka ulu ana o ka hoʻomanaʻo no Ka Ikepili o na makeke hale. Imperfectaʻano ho i ka monopoly, monopolistic Competition, oligopoly. No kekahi mau 'ano o ka hana i kēia mau mea i okoa, akā, ka mea, i ka helu ana o kekahi hiʻona.

Monopoly, no ka laʻana, ua poe ma ke kuai, IeAUPIIe, ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka nui lawa ka pālākiō. No ka holomua hana ka mea, he pono ia mau malama i kū hoʻokahi. Oligopoly palapala kekahi mau poʻe i ka manawa e ae ma ke ami ia ma ke kuai kulana. E like me kekahi o na ki pahu hopu lokomaikaʻiʻia adherence i ka malama ana kumupaʻa i loko o ka haawi hawaii pae o ka hoʻi. Ma lalo o monopolistic Competition e ike i kēia kumu hoʻohālike, ma i kēlā me kēia poʻe 'aʻole ole i ka nui hopena ma ka makeke ana. Alaila, kanaka hana e like me kona uea '.

Ma keia kükohu, ke kākauʻana ua ana hana ma differentiation. Ma keia hihia, aohe he kaʻakālai hana (e like oligopoly). Me ka hooulu ana o ka makeke o hoʻoulu nui i loaa i nīnūnē e pili ana kaulikeʻole Competition o kamaaina. XIX. Me ke kapuai hookahi no ka normalization o ana i loko o ka poepoe o ka makeke i ua ia ma hope o ka Soviet'opi.

normative kumu

I ka manaʻo o ka RF kanawai ma Competition, ua hoʻokō ma ka hookamaia o ka kūikawā loio i hana. Ia a me ka antitrust hoakaka ana i ka mau mau hae i ua hoohui. Initially, ka RSFSR Law №948-1 i i hōʻike aku i ka manaʻo o ke kaulikeʻole Competition. In Art. 10 o ke Kanawai e hoʻolako i kekahi mau pāpā ma luna o laila. . Maʻamau, pono ka ke ano o ke kaulikeʻole Competition. Naʻe, i kēia papa i Ua maikaʻi loa. Hope ma ka loio i hana i ua hoololiia.

Federal Law "Ma 'ohana ka palekana o ke Competition"

" устанавливаются правовые и организационные основы, методы предупреждения и пресечения монополистической деятельности. Currently i hou kānāwai i hana ia 26.07.2006 i loko o ka Federal Law "Ma 'ohana ka palekana o Competition" e hoʻokau i ka loio a me kaʻaha hui? Aieao, ki ina hana like o ka Kāohiʻana a me ka suppression o monopolistic haʻawina. Ke normative hana hōʻano hou i na mea paahana, hoʻokahiʻano papa hana no ka hooponopono ana i ana i loko o ke kālā a me ka huakūʻai wahi kanaka. Ke kaua ana i kaulikeʻole Competition, penei, Ua hiki aku i ka qualitatively houʻilikai.

ka wehewehena

Ka pilikia o ke kaulikeʻole Competition i ka mea pono, e lawe ke ake kau hana. E like me kekahi o ia mau mea i ka loli ma ka loio i? Aieao e pili ana i ka monopolistic hana. Na Law №135 rula ai i hui helu 948-1, a me ka helu 117. Ma ka hou palapala, i ka manawa "kaulikeʻole Competition" Ua undergone kekahi hou. Nā loli, naʻe, i ole lakou aloha ia kona maʻiʻo.

E like me ke Art. 4 (p. 9), kaulikeʻole Competition kekahi kanawai o oicyenoaaiiie nāʻoihana a me nā pūʻulu nona ma benefitting i ka hana o ko lākou hana hana, kue i na kanawai, a me na aoao o ka huli, i nā koi o ka manao, ano hoopono, fairness, e kauoha ana a hiki i na la poho i loko o nā aneiai ē aʻei a pilikia kā lākou hana kūlana.

Specificity

Mai kahi o ka manao paa i ano nui ka hopena. A ki hehee ai ka mau hana. , бездействие не может в данном случае рассматриваться как нарушение законодательства. E ina e malama a pau o ka hoi na hana mana a kaulikeʻole Competition, inaction hiki ole i loko o keia hihia noʻonoʻo me ka 'aʻe' ana o ke kānāwai. Kēia mea i loko o Akä naÿe i ka monopolistic hana. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu, e like me ka mea hiki ke hana me ia kāna. возникает в рамках отношений субъектов на одном рынке. Ka pilikia o ke kaulikeʻole Competition kupu i loko o ka? Aieao o na kanaka o ka pili ma loko o ka ia kuai. Ma keia hihia, no ka mea e mālama nei oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe, a me ka mahalo o ka mea hana hoohui hana, a me ka aoao e aʻe i ka olelo o ke kānāwai pono ia i loko o ka ua AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. Ka mea, Pono no e nâ.

A ki hehee ai o ka Meriba qualifying hana o ke kumuhana kānāwai, nā koi o ka manao pono, fairness, reasonableness, me ke dute huli. ʻO kekahi mea nui ka hoailona o ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ke kaulikeʻole Competition ē ma o na la poho a poino i ka mahaloia. Ino, a me keia poho kālā aʻole i ia e maoli no. Ma keia hihia, lawa o kekahi ikehu hookonokono ana ia lakou.

Ano o kaulikeʻole Competition

I ka 'atikala 14 (h. 1) o ka makana №135 mau papa e ku e ku hana o kekahi kanaka me ka manao ana i ka mea' ē aʻe. . Eia hou, ke kūmau Ho'ākāka 'likeʻole hana, a i manaʻo like me ka ano o ke kaulikeʻole Competition. Ka mea, i Hoʻohui 'i loko o 5 waeʻano. : Ke kānāwai distinguishes na kēia mauʻano o ke kaulikeʻole Competition:

1. Kūkākūkā o ka nānaina, wahahee a me ka paʻewa ai 'ike i hiki i kālā poino i ka aneiaiʻahahui a hoʻopilikia maoli kona kūlana.
2. Aʻe nā mea kūʻai mai i ai i ka wahi, ano o ka hana a me ke ano o ka huina hoonui, kona waiwai a me kona mea e like.
3. Pololei ole hoʻohālike o ka oicyenoaaiiieʻahahui hua a kuai lilo aku la ia huahana me nā Manufacturers 'huahana.
4. Kuai huahana no ka hoʻohana kūpono 'ole o ka' imi naʻauao hana hopena a me nā kumu o ka individualization o ka loio i nāʻoihana, nā lawelawe, na hana a me iauaeoia like me ia.
5. Wa hoomakaukau ia no ka 'aelike, ka hoʻohana' ana o ka hanalima, iao? Iiaie oaoieei, kuai ike, kuai mea huna, a me, me ka ae ole o ka mea nana ka waiwai.

nui ololi

Ka luna hana i hoʻokuleana i loa papa, irrespective o ko lākou kaʻaeʻana i nā kūlana me ia ma ke ano o ka makahiki "kaulikeʻole Competition." исходит из того, что указанные выше проявления не требуется соотносить с определением, закрепленным в ст. Hookolokolo me ka hana pono mai, mai ka mea i ka hoike ana mai o ka luna, aole i pono e hai aku i ka ho'ākāka 'ana waiho ia ma Art. 4. i hoakaka ia ma ka Art. 14 i huiʻia i manaoia like kauoha hae noi 'ana.

o ia hoʻi, ka individualization

Part Elua Art. 14 o ke kanawai №135 ÷ ai e i pāpāʻia e kaulikeʻole Competition ma ka 'imi naʻauao waiwai. Ka mea, e mai i ka He kokekau wale haku mele 'ana o ka hewa. E like me ka loio i 'ole o kēia mau olelo e like rula Art. 10 o ke Kanawai Kivila. By pono o kēia 'atikala ua pāpā hainā o ke kānāwai, ka hoʻohana' ana o ka loio i nā papaha no ke kaōhiʻana Competition. ua i uhiia e ka ho'ākāka 'ana enshrined Art i ka la mahope. 4 o ke kanawai №135. Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā i kēia, i ka hana o na kanaka a pau e kue ana i na hoakaka ana o ka Art. 14, h. 2, a manaoia me he hainā o ka pono i loko o nā 'ano apau loa.

Kūkākūkā o ka wahahee, ka nānaina, paʻewa ai 'ike

'O kēia ka mua ano o kaulikeʻole Competition, kukulu ai ma Art. 14. It E e kaulana i ka haku mele me ka hohola nānaina a paʻewa ai ike. Kēia mea o ka pau nui o ke kānāwai mākaʻi, e like me na mea he nui nā mea hana keaka, ae ho'āʻo ana pololei ho'āhewa wale, e hoʻohana maalea loa. Discrediting pahuna ma Kaʻahumanu nā kānaka kūʻai mai i ka huina hoonui ma ka hoʻolako 'i ka wahahee, ka nānaina paha paʻewa ai ike e pili ana i ka competitor, kona lawelawe a me nā huahana. Mau hana e i poho ole wale i ka waiwaiʻahahui, akā, no hoi no ka consumer. E wahi, a me ka pilikia ma ke kanaka hoʻolaha 'ike i ka' aʻole i kō aku o ka lanakila no ia. Naʻe, ka mea, aole i AIM e discredit i ka'ē aʻe? Aneiai ē aʻei kūpono. E like me ki hiʻona o kaulikeʻole Competition o kēia 'ano E e hookoaia:

1. Hoi o ka makana o ka hemahema ikepili.
2. I ka hiki ana o ka 'ike i ka hanaʻino i kaulana a kālā me keia poho.

Misrepresentation

Ua, e like me ka laha ana o hemahema 'ike, pahuna ma Kaʻahumanu nā mea kūʻai mai i kā lākou lawelawe, me ka ukana a me na hana. Naʻe, i loko o kēia hihia ho'āhewa wale ma luna o nā ē aʻei mai e pili. An unscrupulous Hookah hoʻolako paʻewa ai 'ike e pili ana i kona huahana. I ka Ia manawa alakaʻi hewa 'aʻole e kaupalena' ike wahahee māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana. Ke kumuhana hiki i loea 'ikepili i no kekahi kumu' ole 'ē aʻe ke hana i kekahi kiʻi wahahee o ka mea. Ma keia hihia,ʻaʻole ia e ia mea i kekahi manao a me ka makemake e hana ino.

pololei ole e like

Initially i loko o ka USSR Act hana haku mele 'ana, he nui ka hunāhunā. Ke normative hana pololei ole e like manao like kūpono hoʻolaha. оно может использоваться самостоятельно или включаться в прочие действия, ориентированные на дискредитацию субъекта или введение в заблуждение потребителей. E like me keʻano o ke kaulikeʻole Competition, ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia wale nō a hoohui i loko o nā hana nona ma discrediting ke kumuhana paha, e alakai hewa nā mea kūʻai mai. Ma ke ao nei market ia he okoa e pili ana i ka admissibility o ka pono o ka nane. manaoio kekahi poe akamai i ka competitor noʻonoʻo loi ina mea ua ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kūʻiʻo a me ka oiaio, nui pono keia mau mea, e ia. Other kākau fundamentally pale ana i ka manawa kūpono, e like me nā huahana paha lawelawe. Wahi lulu kanawai kālai'āina, Competition 'aʻole i hana nā pilikia i ka oiaio noʻonoʻo loi. Ia manawa, pono ia me ka mālama nui, haawiia i ke ahuwale hoihoi nāʻoihana, kona leo'ā'ā.

'Ino' ana o ka 'imi naʻauao huahana

Ua ua ole ae i ke kuai, kuai, a me ka hoike i holo o nā huahana, ina keia hoʻohana kūpono 'ole o ka' imi naʻauao hana a me na kumu o ka individualization o huahana, lawelawe, loioʻahahui like me ia. Kēia hapa o ka hewa ua pili i ka hana o ka waiwaiʻahahui, hiki e hoʻonāukiuki huikau me ka pili ana i kekahi ka hoʻohua. Ua Ua kauoha ae la ia e ka 'aʻe' ana o nā pono mikanele i ka 'imi naʻauao huahana o ka hana, a ' o ia hoʻi ka individualization.

aiiieieoaeuii

Ma ka hapakolu o ka Pauku 14 o ka Pekelala Law №135 ka mea, ua 'oi aku ka manawa, e hoouna aku i ka olelo hooholo o ka antitrust Aupuni o ka' aʻe 'o ka h. 2 o keia ai ma luna o ka hana a me ka' āpana o mikanele kuleana i ka ua hoʻokuleana 'no ka annulment o kaulike loio i ka hoomalu ana. Hoolale ae la hana Rospatent. Kēia manawa kūpono hiki ke lawe ka lanakila o ke kanaka e pili ana, o kona lima akau, ua hehiʻana kaulikeʻole hana o nā kānaka hoʻokūkū.