Ano o ke anianiʻolu o kekahi mau waiwai

I maoli, he mau hoailona ia mea o nā puaʻa hiwa, i OAOOUIEeE me ka nui loa i loko o kā lākou waiwai. Keia amorphous a me ka mea pōaka puaʻa hiwa. A me ka amorphous kino e ole i ka mea kiko'ī mahele heheʻe i ka mahana i paio hahana maoli nō ka mea, i nā hoopalupaluia, a laila, hoolilo i ka flowable moku'āina. 'O kekahi mau' ona hiki e mau ka lepo paha kēpau. Akā, he okoa o ka hihia me ka mea pōaka waiwai. Lakou noho ana ma ka paa moku'āina i ai i ka kekahi ka mahana, a me wale i hiki ia, i kēia mau waiwai i hehee.

Ka I nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka 'ole o ia mau waiwai. Ka mea pōaka puaʻa hiwa (particles) mai a lakou i hana ai, ua aia ma kekahi mau wahi. A ina ka mea, e pili ana ma ka pololei laina, e kiʻi i kekahi ano o ka mana maoli, a ua kapaia - ke aniani puka olu oia. A ua hiki e loa okoa nāʻano a he anianiʻolu. A Ua haawiia i na (particles) o a lakou i "kukulu" puka olu oia e mahele ia i loko o eha ano. Kēia ionic,'ātoma, hakakino a me ka mea hao grille.

A me na aka wahi ionicʻolu, niioaaonoaaiii, e hoonohonoho Ion a me ionic hoopaa ole ma waena o lākou. Mau Ion hiki e like na mea (Cl-, Na +), a me ka luna '(OH-, SO2-). A me kēia mau 'ano o ke anianiʻolu i loko o kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia oxides a me hydroxides, paʻakai, a me ka like konohiki. E lawe, no ka hana, iʻike mau paʻakai koloriside. Ua koho 'ē aʻe chlorine io Ion a me ka maikaʻi Ion o ka paʻakai, a palapala he cubic he aniani puka olu oia. Ionic makaukau na kaula paa ma e like me ka puka olu oia a me ka mea nui loa i ka pilina paʻa 'ona "kukulu iho la" ma keia rula, i ka i lawa ke kiekie i ka ikaika a me ka paakiki.

Aia mau no hoi ke ano o ke anianiʻolu, i kapaʻia'ātoma. Here, ke aka wahi e hoʻonohonoho i nā'ātoma, ma waena o a ma laila hoʻi ia i ka ikaika no covalent mea paa. Nukelea puka olu oia i mea ole i ka puu o ka waiwai. O nā daimana, a me ka mea pōaka germanium, silikone a me ka boron. Aia hoi he mau luna 'waiwai i pihaʻi me ka silica i a me ka i, pakahi, o ka'ātoma aniani puka olu oia. Kēia one, pōaka, pōhaku aniani me ka silica i. A i loko o ka hapanui o na hihia, i kēia mau waiwai, ua nui loa ka ikaika, a me ka paakiki refractory. No hoi, ka mea e kokoke insoluble.

A hakakino 'ano o ke anianiʻolu i ka loa i kekahi mau mea. O ua komo pū nō ka paʻahau i ka wai, a laila ano o ka hau, "maloo hau" - aku ka paakiki o carbon monoxide, e like me ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa hydrogen sulfide a me hydrogen koloriside. Kekahi hakakino kānana i nui paʻai ke aloha i huiʻia. O nā kōpaʻa, monakō koko, naphthalene a me ka 'ē aʻe like' ona. A lātoma Aia ma ka aka wahi o ka puka olu oia, interconnected Polar a me ka nonpolar Nine Inch paa. A mamua o ka mea i loko o nā nā lātoma i ikaika covalent paa ana ma waena o nā'ātoma, nā lātoma e paa ana ia lakou iho i loko o ka puka olu oia i kona manawa i loa nawaliwali intermolecular paa. No laila, ua 'ona e pono e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie i hiki wawe ka hehee, a i ka kiʻekiʻe paakiki.

Akā, ke hooheheeia i keʻano o ke ano o ka he anianiʻolu. A me ka mea, e lilo aka wahi me nā'ātoma a me ka Ion. ʻO nā'ātoma hiki ke hoopuni hoohuliia i Ion, e haawi ana i ko lakou mau electrons i "mau hoʻohana". Pela pu aku la Ion "hoʻopio aku i" ka noa huina'ine, i lilo nā'ātoma. A me keia 'ole o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia puka olu oia i hoʻoholo i ka waiwai o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia e like me ductility, malleability, a me thermal conductivity.

Nō hoʻi, ua māheleʻia aʻela ke ano o ke anianiʻolu o ke hooheheeia, a me nā mea i loko o ehiku nui nenoai i loko o ka palapala o ka haʻahaʻa keena o ka puka olu oia i. Ke simplest mea he cubic halepaahao. Aia Ua hoi rhombic, tetragonal, hexagonal, rhombohedral, monoclinic a me ka triclinic pa alima keena, a hooholo i ke kinona o ka holoʻokoʻa aniani puka olu oia. Akā, ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ke aniani puka olu oia i oi huikau ma mua o ka poʻe i helu 'ia ma luna. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka mea haʻahaʻa (particles) e e ole wale i loko o lākou iho puka olu oia kahua, akā, i loko o kona waena a ma kona alo. I waena o ka loa e like me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia i na luna 'ekolu aniani puka olu oia i: i lalo ke alo-oaio? Ia cubic, kino-oaio? Ia cubic a me hexagonal kokoke loa-Paka. Kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia physical ano hilinai ole wale ma ke kinona o ko lākou mau aniani puka olu oia, a ma ka interatomic mamao, a ma luna o nā mea kiko'î.