Cyanobacteria - He ... Cyanobacteria: 'ole, mau' ike

Mawaena o ka Ke na meaola, aia nō kekahi o nā accessories i loko o kekahi aupuni o ke ano maoli i ikaika hoopaapaa. Pela ka mea, ua kapaia o cyanobacteria mea. 'Aʻole nō naʻe i ka kiko'ī inoa ka mea, i. Nui loa synonyms:

• uliuli-omaomao līoho;
• cyanobiont;
• fikohromovye Monera;
• cyano;
• slizievye līoho a me na mea e ae.

Ua huli mai ia cyanobacteria - ia mea he uuku, akā, i ka mea ia manawa e like me ka luna 'a me ka controversial kino e pono akahele ka noonoo a me ka nānā i kona' ole i mea e ho oholo i ka kiko'ī taxonomic affiliation.

I ka moolelo o ka loaʻa o ke ola, a

E like me ka wāwahie mooolelo, i ka mōʻaukala o ka uliuli-uliuli līoho i kona mau aʻa ma kahi lōʻihi hoʻi i ka manawa, no ka mea, he mau miliona makahiki aku nei. Kēia mau mea, ua ulu alakai i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o paleontologists i ua kālailai i nā pōhaku (lākou mau kahua) o ka poe mamao manawa.

cyanobacteria i loaʻa ma luna o ka ili o ka Eia kekahi laʻana, me ka 'ole o ka a i oleʻokoʻa mai ia mai o kēia' ano apau loa. Kēia Hōʻike he kiʻekiʻe degere o ka adaptability o kēia mau mea, e likeʻole? Aneie rula, i kā lākou mau loa ke ahonui a me ka ola. Ua mea maopopo i na miliona o ka makahiki, aia i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka loli ma ka mahana a me ka kinoea haku mele 'ana o ka Honua. Aole, nae, i ole pili i ka viability o cyan.

Ma kēia cyanobacteria - he hookahi-aa? Meaola, i i wehe i ka huipūʻana me nā ano o ka mea koʻohune keena. Ia mea, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Lui Pasterom a me nā kānakaʻepekema ma ka XVIII-XIX kenekulia.

More akahele like ka mea, akaaka malu hope, a me ka hooulu ana o ka huina'ine microscopy a me modernized 'ana i kūpono a me ka noiʻi ki ina hana like. Hiʻona i hōʻike 'ia a noho cyanobacteria. ke kelepona hele 'ole ka loaʻa o ka helu o ka hou,ʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o nā mea kolo, kanu'ōiwi.

Mea Maluna

Ka ninau e hoʻoholo lākou taxonomic affiliation koe hamama. Oiai ka mea, uaʻike wale i kekahi mea: cyanobacteria - prokaryotes. Keia ua hookupaa iho la ia ma ia mau hiʻona e like me:

• wa e kaawale aku o ka nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts;
• ke alo i loko o ka halepaahao paia murein;
• S-ribosome lātoma haku o aeee.

Aka hoi, cyanobacteria - prokaryotes, helu ma kahi o 1.5 miliona? Ueo. A pau o ia i hoʻolaha a Hoʻohui 'ia ma 5 nui morphological pūʻulu.

1. Chroococcales. E lawa pono nui pūʻulu ka hui ana mehameha paha koloniala 'ano apau loa. High nā hoʻohui like o ka meaola i paa pu ma na mucus pee aeea paia o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Ke kinona o keia pae i kookoo-hoʻokino a spherical 'ole.
2. Plevrokapsovye. Mea i like loa me ka kekahi palapala ano, akā, he mea ka hiʻona i loko o ka palapala o ka ho okumu i beotsitov (hou ma luna o kēia kŰia hope). Maʻaneʻi cyanobacteria mea ekolu walaʻauʻana papa: Plevrokapsy, Dermokapsy, Miksosartsiny.
3. Oksillatorii. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o keia pae ka mea a pau o na keena e hui i loko o ka hoʻomaopopo like 'ole kapaia mucic trichome. Ka mahele i wahi, me ka hele mawaho o keia pae, ma loko. Ostsillatorii nā loko o kona wale nô wale nō vegetative keena, mahele ana asexually hapalua.
4. Nostokovye. Mea no kona cryophilic. Hiki, e noho ana ma na wahi nahele no hoi wehe o ka hau ho okumu ma luna o ia i nā pōpō kaua. Ka ai-kapa kŰia o "ua pua i nā hau nahele no hoi ia." Ke ano o kēia mau meaola a me filamentous me trichomes, akā, moe nā'ōlelo, a me ke kokua ana o ka hana kūikawā keena - heterocysts. Here oe ke komo i loko o ke kēia mau 'elele: Annaba, Nostoc, Kalotriksy.
5. Stigonemovye. Mea i like loa me ka mea mua hui. Ka papa likeʻole i loko o keʻano o ka'ōlelo - ka mea, hiki ke puunaue i hoolaha i loko o ka ia halepaahao. Ka loa kaulana Luna o keia hui - Fisherelly.

Pela, ke cyan a me ka hoʻolaha e like me morphological ana hoʻohālike, like no me ka poe i koe, aia no he wahi lihi iki o nā nīnau a me ka mea huli mai i ka hilahila. Botanists a microbiologists i ka hoʻomaopopo like denominator i loko o ka taxonomy o cyanobacteria hiki ole i hiki mai.

habitats

Aie i ke alo o kūikawā hana (heterocysts, beotsitov, hana tillakoidov, kinoea vacuoles, hiki e koho hakakino naikokene a me ka 'ē aʻe)ʻikepili meaola noho mai'ō a'ō. e hiki ke ola, a hiki ma ka loa loa keia mea, i ka i ka mea,ʻaʻohe ola meaola hiki ole nei. No ka laʻana, wela kupu ana thermophilic, anaerobic kūlana me ka hydrogen sulfide lewa, heʻakika 'ia me ka pH emi o 4.

Cyanobacteria - ka meaola i koena malie ma luna o ke kai a me ka one kahi pohaku anuu, hau ālai 'a me ka wela nahele no hoi ia. Aʻo, a kuhikuhi i ke alo o ka cyanogen hiki ia i ke ano ano ma luna o ka nalo, i hana lākou mau panalāʻau. Kala like 'ole hiki ke oko a mai ka uliuli-ʻeleʻele, e nonono a me ka poni.

Sinezelenymi ka mea, i kapaʻia no, i mea pinepine ia ma ka ili o ka maʻamau maluhiluhi ole a me ka paʻakai wai ka mea i hana i ka uliuli-omaomao mucic Auana. O kŰia ua kapaia "algal blooms." Ua hiki ke ike ma ka aneane kekahi loko, a hoʻomaka e ulu, a huli i piholo maila.

Features aeea 'ole

Cyanobacteria i ka mau 'ole o prokaryotic meaola, akā, ma laila nō kekahi peculiarities.

Huina aeea kanu'ōiwi nā papahana mea like penei:

• ke kelepona hele pa murein a me polysaccharides;
• wai kokoʻili lahilahi bilipidnogo 'ole;
• cytoplasm me ka 'elele i māhele aku aaiaoe mea i loko o ka palapala o ka DNA nā lātoma;
• tillakoidy pae'ōnaehana papa kāʻamaʻai a me na pigments (chlorophylls, xanthophylls carotenoids).

I Kekahi Mau māhele o ka halepaahao i ho'ākāka 'ia ma lalo nei.

Ano o ka hana kūikawā hale

He kuhikuhi geterotsisty. Kēia mau hale a -ʻaʻole pinepine, akā, na keena lakou iho me kekahi hapa o trichomes (pono koloniala kālepa ma hui me ka mucus). Ka mea, oko ka wā nānā akula au i loko o ka microscope ma kona haku mele 'ana, mahope mai o ko lakou mau papa hana -? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka'ūhū, hiki e koho hakakino naikokene mai o ka lewa. No laila, na pigments ma geterotsisty he mea uuku, akā, he hailona o ka naikokene.

Ka lua, ka mea gormogonii - pauku ia mai o trichomes. Ka mea, e malama nei me? Aneii kai.

Beotsity - mea heʻano o ke kaikamahine keena, me ka nuipa a ua hāʻawi mai i kekahi makua. I kekahi manawa, i ko lakou helu kīnā tausani no kekahi wā o ka mahele. Ma ia i ka hiʻona hiki Dermokapsy'ē aʻe Plevrokapsodievye.

Akinetes - kūikawā keena ma ka quiescent moku'āina, a me loko o na trichomes. Ka mea, oko oi nunui waiwai aeea pa polysaccharides. Ko lākou kūlana mea like e geterotsisty.

Kinoea vacuoles - ka mea, i nā mea a pau i ka cyanobacteria. ke kelepona hele 'ole initially hoʻohuʻu lākou alo. Ko lākou kūlana - lawe 'ana i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka flowering wai. Kekahi inoa no ka hale - Carboxysome.

Cell ho'ā hope. Ka mea, heʻoiaʻiʻo i, a ma ka mea kanu a me ka holoholona, a me ka mea koʻohune keena. Naʻe, i ka uliuli-uliuli līoho, i kekahi mau mea okoa mau inclusions. Mau nā:

• glycogen;
• polyphosphate granules;
• tsianofitsin - he kūikawā waiwai, oia hoi o ka aspartate, arginine. Ua lawelawe 'ana no ka pūnaewele o ka naikokene, mai kēia mau inclusions i loko o heterocysts.

Kēia ka mea loaʻa cyanobacterium. Main māhele a me ka hana kūikawā a me nā keena organelles - i ka mea e leie aku tsianeyam lawe mai kāʻamaʻai, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, e pono koʻohune.

'ōlelo

Kēia kaʻina mea i pololei ai paʻakikī, e like me ka ia, i mea, he pono ole koʻohune. Cyanobacteria hiki mahele vegetatively, māhele o trichomes, maʻamau aeea i elua, ai ole ia, e lawe mai i ka moe kaʻina.

Pinepine i loko o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana pili i hana kūikawā keena geterotsisty, Akinetes, beotsity.

aoao o ka neʻe

Ua uhi ia ka hīnaʻi manu ma luna o ka waho cyanobacteria aeea pā pōhaku, a me kekahi manawa, a hiki i ka kūikawā ahu iho la ka polysaccharide hiki ke ho okumu i mucic mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku a puni ia. He mahalo i kēia hiʻona a me ke kalepa höʻike cyan.

Flagella a cilia kūikawā ma laila. Honua hiki ke lawe mai wale ma luna o ka paa ili me ka mucus pōkoleʻoki. Kekahi Ostsillatorii i ka loa hanaʻaoʻao o ka neʻe - ka mea, revolve a puni kona iho (axis) i ka ia manawa i ke kuapo o na trichomes holoʻokoʻa. Pela ka mea, ke holo ma luna o kaʻili kai.

Ka hana e koho naikokene

Kēia hiʻona iʻaneʻane kela cyanobacterium. He mea hiki i ke aloha a hiki i ka nitrogenase'ūhū hiki ia oe Lokomaikaʻi hakakino naikokene a unuhi ia i loko o ka digestible palapala i huiʻia. Kēia hana geterotsisty hale. Nolaila, o ka poe ano mea e ole i ia mau mea, e koho naikokene mai o ka lewa ke ole.

Nui, i kēia kaʻina hana i ka mea nui, he poe cyanobacteria no ka kanu ola. Maluhia iho la ma ka lepo, flora cyan kōkua ka hoʻokemu ua nakiiia ma na naikokene a alakai i ka maʻamau ola.

anaerobic? ueo

(E laʻa me, Ostsillatorii) i kekahi ano o ka uliuli-uliuli līoho hiki ke noho i loko o ka loa anaerobic rula, a me ka lewa o ka hydrogen sulfide. Ma keia hihia i ka aaioee o ka hui i loko o ke kino, a ua hana e like me ka hopena o hakakino luaipele exiting i loko o ke kaiapuni.