Mea pōhaku kumu waiwai o ka Vologda māhele. Natural rula a me nā kumu waiwai, i ka hana kemika o ka Vologda māhele

Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka hana kemika o ka Vologda māhele - he i lalo woodlands a me ūnelunelu. Aʻano o nā kumu kūpono a me ka waiwai o ka aina i aeia noiʻi, e hoomaopopo iʻaneʻi 33ʻano o Landskap. No ka mea he kŘpa a uuku wahi mea nō respectable huahelu!

Ma kēia 'atikala e nānā mākou i ka hana kemika o ka wahi o ke aniau,' äina, ka lepo, ili wai. He aha nō na nā minelala hao o koʻu mau i loko o ka Vologda māhele 'āina? Ke pane i keia ninau e hiki ke loaʻa 'aneʻi.

General He Hoikehonua o ka Vologda māhele: na palena a me ka nui maoli a

Vologda māhele - he māhele ma ka akau o ka Europa hapa o Rusia. Kona iauae ieiuaae mea 145 tausani kapuaʻi kuea kilomika. Vologda māhele elongated ma sublatitudinal ala (mai komohana i ka hikina a) ma ka aneane 700 kilomika.

Kokua ka hapanui haʻahaʻa-e moe ana, ua nui na ic ??, a marshlands. Ke aniau, ua pakiko no Hawaiian, me winters 'ano lōʻihi me ka pōkole ka luna hoʻomalu. Forest uhi lawa ka nui loa o ka Vologda māhele (ma kahi o 75-80%). More piha na kumu a me nā kumu waiwai o ka aina e, e ho'ākāka 'ia ma loko o ka hope o na pauku.

Hoʻomalu Vologda māhele ua maheleia i loko o 26 kulanakauhale apana, a mau hoʻokiwikā apana. Ma ka māhele ma laila i kekahi mau mea pono pilikia. Mua a poʻokela o ka nele o ka noʻonoʻo kūpono-mai nā 'āina'ʻikepili: kokoke a pau ka makahiki, a oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe ua pahuna wale i elua o ke kulanakauhale o Vologda māhele - Cherepovets a me Vologda. Ke koena (ʻike ākea) mau mea e loaa ana mai ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai a me ka helu wehewehe hoʻololi iho. ʻO ka lua, o ka māhele 'āina i keʻano haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau a me ka hoʻonaʻauao' ana.

No ke kokua āpana

Orographically i maliu Vologda māhele o kekahi hapa o ka nui East 'Eulopa Plain. Ke Kii o ka kūloko 'äina - mea he moʻo o nā wahi lepo wai, na puu liilii, a me ka haahaa kualono. Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'ano o ka mauʻaʻei kokua ia mea no hoi i uncommon. Ka awelika kiʻekiʻena mea 150-200 mau mika. Ma ka loa hema-hikina o ka māhele mea hilly piʻi nō kāua puu Northern Uvaly.

Ua mea ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Vologda māhele mea he watershed o ekolu nui nōkahea paipu - ka 'Akelanika, ka Arctic Ocean a me ka Caspian Sea.

Geologically ka wahi kahi ma luna o ka loa kahiko Precambrian anuu. Akā, eia ka mea, ua wahi ia e manoanoa papa o ka moraine-type hoʻokomo kālā. Ua 'ā ina hiʻona wehewehe i ka nui me ke koe o ka ole-mea hao mea pōhaku kumu waiwai i loko o ka Vologda māhele' āina. Ke one a me ka pālolo e loaʻa mai'ō a'ō iʻaneʻi.

Muli o kona kulana nani loa a me ka hana hoihoi i loko o Belozerskaya lapa. Ua kokua 'ole i hana ole i ka manawa ma mua - i loko o ke au o ka hope glaciation (ma kahi o 12-15 tausani makahiki aku nei). I loko o ka lapa o ka moʻo o ka nani o ic ??, a ano me ke koe.

climatic ana

Ke aniau o ka Vologda māhele - pakiko Hawaiian. A maoli he Hawaiian aniau me ka paipai 'ana i ka hikina. Ke anu-noa i hala, he 190-210 lā. Ona mau emi mai komohana i ka hikina wahi.

Ka māhele Ua kaulana no kona nani snowy winters. Aia hoʻi, me ka hau 'aneʻi ke hoomau ana no i ka 160 mau lā. He hoʻomaka e lawe kinona i ka hoʻomaka o Novemaba, a ua pau loa ia i luku ai i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o April.

Ma ka puupuu advantageously komohana a me ka'ākau makani. Abrupt aniau fluctuations o ka makahiki ua i ike i loko o ka makahiki. Ke kau hoʻoilo Ua 'ano lōʻihi a me ke anu (awelika January wela - mai -10 a hiki i -14 degere). Summer He pōkole, ke anuenue, a me. Ua ua i loko o ka mehana wa haule ma kahi o 70% o ka makahiki kimu. Transitional na kau ma ka Vologda māhele 'āina ua ole loa'ōlelo ai.

Ma hua'ōlelo o nā 'āina' oko ao, i ke komohana hapa o ka aina poino mai ka pinepine a me ka ulia ino loli, a i ke kumu ma ka papa loli o ka lewa nā paʻi hua. Summer uaʻaneʻi pu ma kekahi mau drizzle i hele mai, mai ka 'Akelanika. No ka hele a oo? I loko o ka Vologda māhele i ka loa maikaʻi o ka malama o Augate. ʻOiai ma ka hope o ke kauwela ma laila i mua e ka mea mua po aiʻaihueʻia.

Wai kumu waiwai o ka wahi: muliwai a me ic ??

Ka mokuna o ka Vologda māhele mea waiwai i ka hohonu muliwai a me ic ?? lehulehu. Ua nui loa ka wai arteries o ka māhele - ka muliwai Sheksna, Mologa a me Andoma River ma ke komohana, Unzha Kostroma, a ma ke kūkulu hema. Center a me ka hikina hapa o ka aina e pili ana i ka pa holoi ana o ka Northern Dvina River a me kona nui hoʻokupu mai.

River Vologda māhele - papu type, a me ka laula, na awawa a me ka wai papu. Channel huikau lehulehu one Shoals a me nā mokupuni uuku. Ka pele i loko o ka muliwai ka hapanui i laumania. Ke wale koe o Sukhona i kupu mai, mai Kubensky Lake.

Ma ke alanui, he nui kūlana ma ka rula o ka wai? Eia o ka muliwai Vologda paani i ka kūloko Lake. Mahalo iā ia, ma ka hapanui o na muliwai emi ka nui o ka wai wai. I huina, i ka māhele 'āina i ole e emi malalo o eha tausani o ic ??. I ka nui o ka ia - keʻokeʻo, Kubenskoe, Onega, Vozha. ¶ A i loko o ka'āina he mea he nui? Aieeeua. About 12% o ka waterlogged. Ka hapanui o ūnelunelu i kia ma ke komohana wahi o kiʻekiʻe humidity.

Lehulehu o ic ??, he anuanu pukapuka o ka muliwai, a Canal hoʻoholo i ka hooulu ana i loko o ka wahi o ka wai oo? Ecia Rusia. Canoeing a me ka rafting ua nui mahalo. Ma ka wahi mua hoʻomohala ōlaʻi i o ka wai? Ooia o loli iki pilikia. Au i loko o ka aieou nui ma luna o yachts a me ka holo ana regattas.

Aina a me ka flora

Nā soils o ka Vologda māhele 'āina i loko o'ākau poe podzolic, ho'āno-podzolic - ma ke kūkulu hema. No hoi, he pono ole Marsh soils (i loko o ka 'ūnelunelu o ka māhele' āina).

Flora o ka wahi me ka a pau i typical o maoli boreal ululāʻau. Ka hapa nui o ka ulu lāʻau - coniferous me ka ho okumu, a iloko principally o spruce. Ka loa kaulana laau ioeoʻaneʻi: Siberian spruce, kaa Europa, tidara, larch, Sukachev, Siberian kaa a me na mea e ae. A-kapaia kiʻekiʻe ka ululāʻau i hanaʻia ma luna o ke kahua o ka nui-unahiʻole, i kālai lāʻauʻana, pinepine i hanaʻia ma ka deciduous? Ueony - birch, Aspen (CO), alder. Ma ke komohana o ka Vologda māhele loaʻa nā nahele o ka lāʻauʻoka, a me ka lehu Maple.

Ke kūloko maoli Landskap a me nā kaiaola i hoomalu i loko o ka National Park, "Russian North", e like me loko o nā hoomaluia mea (a pau i loko o ke kula o ka 188).

Mea pōhaku kumu waiwai o ka Vologda māhele: wahie Resources

I ka wahie mea pōhaku kumu waiwai nā ka aila a me ka kinoea, peat, aila shale a me nā mea pōhaku kumu waiwai, o ka i kiʻi lākou ikehu. Back i loko o ka 60s o ka hope kenekulia ma ka ?? eoi? O ka Vologda māhele, ekolu Loaʻaʻia kaʻaila a me ka kinoea kona hanau ana mau mea i loaʻa. Hana ma ka huli koke no ka aila a me ka kinoea mahinaʻai hoomau ma ka hapalua like 90s. Ma ka manawa, ke hoʻomau i ka 'ā ina ana, e like me loiloi' na ka manaʻolana 'ia o ka hanalima? Acaeoey o ka aila a me ka kinoea mau mea.

Pōʻalo o nā wahie kumu waiwai i loihi, ua komo i loko o kekahi mau pāʻoihana. Kēia puke - peat. Mōʻalihaku ma Vologda loaʻa oi ma mua o 2,000 hoʻokomo kālā. Huina me ke koe o kūloko hoʻokomo kālā hiki 5.5 miliona tona. i hohola hoʻokomo kālā o ka peat aneane a pau ma luna o ka aina, oiai ka lehulehu mea typical no ke komohana a me ka hema-komohana wahi. A uuku loa pakeneka o ka peat o koʻu mau i loko o ka māhele 'āina ua hoʻohana' ia e like me ka ikehu wahie. Kona papa kuhikuhiE nuipa a ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka mahiai. Peat, e like me kaʻike, ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka mea hoʻomomona, e like me kīhei pili no ka holoholona.

? ieoaeunoai lako

Mea pōhaku kumu waiwai o ka Vologda māhele ua ole kaupalena i ka wahie mea pōhaku kumu waiwai. Ka māhele 'āina ua' Imi i koʻu mau ka loa like no? Ieoaeunoaa lako: .. Dolomite, limestone, marl, etc. mea hoʻohana a pau kēia mau breeds no manufacturing kekahi mau mea. Ka loa kaulana i loko o ka limestone waiho - Top Volsk. Ua produces makahiki i ka 100 tausani tona o ka maka mea.

Ma ka Vologda māhele 'āina ua' Imi ulu one, a he palolo kekahi. Ka nui loa hoʻokomo kālā o ke one a me ka iliili: Abakanovskoe, Berezovsky Prisheksninskoe, Komelovskoe a me na mea e ae. Ka māhele 'āina Ua extracted refractory, haʻahaʻa-mahele heheʻe i ka a me ia nā pōpō o ka palolo kekahi.

E olelo ana no ka hooulu ana o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai o ka māhele 'āina

Ma waho ka aila a me ka kinoea, he mea'ē aʻe e olelo ana no ka hooulu ana o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai o ka Vologda māhele. Kēia mea i ke gula, a me ka bauxite diamonds.

No laila, ma ka akau-hikina hapa o ka aina o Ilezskaya wahi, a ua manaoia i'ōlelo mai ai no ka huli daimana hoʻokomo kālā. CJSC "Vologdageologorazvedka" a me ka "Kraton" hana i ka hoʻokolokolo pono 'ana o ka hana' aneʻi, a ike i ka pela-kapaia paipu Naita. Lakou, ma ka huli, na nā minelala hao, a he ukali o diamonds i ua loaʻa.

Kekahi i olelo mua iaʻi o nā kumu waiwai no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kēia māhele - ke gula. Back i loko o ka 80 mau kanaka hulihonua i hōʻike 'gula mineralization i nā muliwai Vaga a me Kubeny. A ma ka 1994, ka mea i loaʻa i ka placer gula ia lŘlŘ, ma ka mokuna o ka Vologda māhele.

Ka nui o ke kulanakauhale, a

Vologda māhele ua noʻonoʻo i ka loa Lūkini māhele 'āina i loko o Rusia. Ka pakeneka o Russian i loko o ka lāhui haku mele 'ana o ka heluna kanaka i kokoke e 97%, a mea he piha aupuni mooolelo no ka aina. Ma waho aʻeo i ka Lūkini ethnos, o kekahi hale i ka Veps - o ka lāhui 'ōiwi kanaka o Finno-Ugric kumu.

Over 70% o Vologda noho i loko o hoʻokiwikā wahi. Ka māhele 'āina i 15 mau kulanakauhale. Akā, wale elua o lakou, 100 tausani kanaka o ka heluna kanaka aku i.

A pau o ke kulanakauhale o Vologda māhele i ma lalo iho:

• Vologda.
• Cherepovets.
• Babayev.
• Vytegra.
• Totma.
• Great Ustyug.
• Gryazovets.
• Sokol.
• Kadnikov.
• Kirillov.
• Krasavino.
• Ustyuzhna.
• Nikolsk.
• Kharovsk.
• Belozersky.

Vologda - ka "kapikala" o ka māhele 'āina

City o St. Petersburg - ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ka hoʻomalu, akā, i ka nohona waena o ka Vologda māhele. Interestingly, keia mea i ka laulā heluna o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o kēia māhele 'āina. No laila, i loko o Cherepovets e noho ana ma ka aneane ehiku tausani hou.

Vologda - he kulanakauhale kahiko. Ka mua hoomanao no ka mea, i loko o kaʻoihana nā lā hoʻi i ka 1147. I Vologda hōʻike 'a ia ma lalo o ka moku'āina' ohana ka palekana 224 he kia hoʻomanaʻo o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone, moʻomeheu a me ka antiquities.

Mawaena o ka loa a me ka kaulana loa kipa kulanakauhale Hawaii - Vologda Kremlin, St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui me ka nana ana i paepae ma luna o ka hale kiai, Kazan Church, Stone Bridge. Ma ka mōʻaukala hapa o Vologda koe i kekahi ou wahi lihi iki o ka hanana a me ka maikai loa kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka laau kuhikuhipuʻuone. hoomaka ae la kekahi ano o ka hōʻailona o ke kulanakauhale a hiki i Vologda wahi bata a me ka Vologda kaula.

ka hopena

Vologda māhele ua aia ma ka akau o ka Europa hapa o Rusia. Ke aniau, ua pakiko no Hawaiian. Keia wahi ua wehewehe aku ma ka lōʻihi snowy winters a me ka pōkole ke anuenue kauwela. Ke kokua ana o ka wahi meaʻano nui palahalaha, ma kekahi wahi ka mea, ua huikau ma ka haʻahaʻa kualono a me nā puʻu.

Ma ka Vologda māhele 'āina he mea he anuanu pukapuka o ka muliwai, a Canal. Ka māhele 'āina he nui kona ic ??, a Swamp. , Ka Lāʻau wahi mea ma kahi o 75%.

Mea pōhaku kumu waiwai o ka Vologda aina, i mea o ka nui hanalima nui no ka māhele 'āina - he peat, palolo, ka paakai, a me ka waiwai? Ieoaeunoai lako. Ma ka hikina apana o ka māhele 'ike akula hoʻokomo kālā o diamonds.