DC Hawaii: i ka loina o ka hana. DC Hawaii: o ka mea

he DC Hawaii mua o nā mea a pau invented i loko o ka 19th kenekulia kaʻapuni uila mīkini mea. I ka rula o ka hana ka mea, ua hoikeia mai ka waena o ka hope kenekulia i ka keia manawa DC Hawaii (DPT) e hoʻomau i ka pololei malama i ke kanaka, hoonoho iho la ia ma ka noi o ka likeʻole ma o ka pono keia mau mea machines a me maomeka.

Ka mua DPT

E hoʻomaka ana mai na 30s o ka 19th kenekulia i loko o kā lākou ulu ka mea, ua hele ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ka mea o ia a hiki i ka hopena o ka hope kenekulia engine alternators wale nō kumu o ka mana i he galvanic halepaahao. No laila, a pau o ka mua uila Hawaii hiki wale holo ma pololeiʻikena.

He aha ua ka mua DC Hawaii? Na ke hoʻohana rula o ka noonoo maalea, a me ka kiko'ī i ke kūkuluʻia i loko o ka hapa mua o ka 19th kenekulia, Ua like penei. O ka papa kuhikuhi kahua ua he paʻa lākou i paʻa nā mākēneki a electromagnets koʻokoʻo, i ole i kekahi mau paʻaʻume mākenēki puni. Salient-laau armature i hanaʻia kekahi mau kaawale koʻokoʻo nā mākēneki ma luna o ka hoʻomaopopo like (axis), a ua kipakuia mai, e ka repulsive a me ka hale kalapu no koa i kaʻauamo o ke inductor. Typical 'elele o ka ia, he mau kiko'ī W. Ricci (1833), a B. Jacoby (1834) e iai? Oaiaaiiua me ÿano mea hoʻololi i ka pono ma ka electromagnets me na armatures hoʻoneʻe hui' ana i loko o ke kaapuni ana o ka armature o Kahualoa Kokohi.

E like me ka engine ua holo Jacobi

He aha ua kēia mīkini rula o ka hana? Pake Jacobi mauʻikena a me kona analogs lilo pulsating electromagnetic a ikehu. I ka manawa o ka hoʻohui o ke alo o auamo o ka armature, a me ka inductor maʻume mākenēki attraction max Hawaii ikehu koke hiki i kā mākou. A laila, i ka wa a ka laau wahi o ka armature e ku pono ana i kaʻauamo o ke inductor, he ÿano kuapo, a uhai i ka pono i loko o nā electromagnets o ka armature. Ikehu Hawaiʻi i 'Aʻohe. Aie i ka 'oni' ana o ka armature, a me ka hooauheeiaʻano papa hana heleuma pahu mai mai ma lalo o ka inductor auamo, ma keia wahi i loko o ia, mai ke kuapo pono ua lako ma ke ku pono ana i kuhikuhi, i nana e hoole lākou polarity, a me ka ikaika o ka umekaumaha i ke kokoke kaupoku o ka inductor UAIAaIN ma ka repulsive ikaika. Ke'ī mai, i ka Hawaii ke ka ao ka Jacobi ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi puu hua palaoa.

Eia kahi mea akaka annular heleuma

Ma ka 'ōlelo o ka armature solenoids engine Jacobi au i ke kamepiula huliʻia, ka mea e ho okumu i kaʻume mākenēki kahua nalowale, a me kona ikehu ia iho i loko o ka wela poho i loko o nāʻanuʻu. Penei, ka electromechanical huli ana he mana kumu armature (electrochemical aeea) i loko o mechanical e hana maloko intermittently. He aha i pono i paa me ka ana Hawaii o Kahualoa Kokohiʻikena i makemake kahe mau iloko o ka manawa a pau o kona hana.

A Ua hoʻokumuʻia ia i loko o fuhtufn 1860. A Pachinotti. He aha kaʻokoʻa mai kona mua DC Hawaii? I ka rula o ka hana ana o ka engine, a me ka mea Pachinotti penei. I heleuma ka mea hoʻohana i ke kila ke komo lima me ka mau huila paa ma ka vertical mau lala. Ma keia hihia, i ole i ka heleuma salient auamo. He lilo neyavnopolyusnym.

armature'ōwili hao o Kahualoa Kokohi i'ōwiliʻia ma waena o nā huila o ke apo, na welau o ka a i pili i ka moʻo ma luna o ka heleuma, a mai ka mea nui o ka pili ana o kela a me keia coils mau i i piula wai i pili i ka ÿauhau papa hoonohonoho ma ke anapuni o ka lalo o ka Hawaii kumu, i ka helu o ka a lākou, i ka helu ana o coils. Ke holoʻokoʻa armature Ua pani ma luna iho, a pūkaʻina pilina omaka o kona coils i pili i ka pili ÿauhau papa, a ho one ma ka paʻa o kaʻikena lako rollers.

Ke annular heleuma i ua waiho ma waena o nāʻauamo o elua paa electromagnets inductor-stator, no laila, i ka laina o ka ikaika i hanaʻia e ia excitationʻume mākenēki kahua i komo i loko o ka pā paukūʻolokaʻa ili o ka Hawaii armature ma ke kūkulu'ākau kaupoku excitation i hooholoia ma ka annular armature, me ka neʻe i loko o ka Kalaiaina o kona lua, a hele mai ma lalo o hema pou.

E like me ka engine ua holo Pachinotti

He aha ka mea, ua i ka rula o ka hana? DC Hawaii Pachinotti hana i loko o ka like me kēia DPT.

Kaʻume mākenēki kahua o ka inductor auamo me polarities keia i mau Ua i kekahi helu o conductors o ka armature o Kahualoa Kokohi pono me ka mau kauoha, ai ka inductor ma lalo o kaʻokoʻa auamo o ka armature he kuhikuhi i ua nana e hoole. Kēia i loaʻa ma ka waiho i kaʻikena lako rollers, a hana e like brushes, i loko o ka makahiki ma waena o kaʻauamo o ke inductor. No ia mea, armature instantaneous pono kahe i ka'ōwili hao ma ka lole wili, ke ÿauhau papa a me ka palapala hoopaa ia taps, i mea i loko o ka makahiki ma waena o ka auamo, laila kahe ana i loko o ke alo oʻaoʻao a mau poluobmotkam-lala, a me ka hope kahe ma ka lālā laina, he ÿauhau papa, a me ka lole wili i loko o kekahi interpolar wā mawaena. I ka hana ana pela, i ka'ōwili hao heleuma ma lalo o kaʻauamo o ke inductor hoʻololi, akā, i ka olelo o kaʻikena pele i koe ua hoʻololiʻia i loko o ia mau mea.

By Ampere ka kanawai, no kēlā me kēia alakaʻi mele o ka armature'ōwili hao me ka pono ma kaʻume mākenēki kahua o ka inductor laau, he koa i ka nānā 'ana i ka kuhikuhi ana o ka käkou mau rula "haʻalele lima." I pili i ka iho (axis) o ka engine, ua mana e hana ikehu, a me ka huina o na minute a pau kēia mau koa i hāʻawi mai i ka huina manawa o ka DPT, i mea mua ma lalo o kekahi mau ÿauhau papa Ua aneane ikaika.

DPT, a me ka annular armature o Kahualoa Kokohi grammovskoy

Wa a pau loa hiki i loko o ka moʻolelo o ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea, ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole A. Pachinotti i ole hoʻohana. Ua Ua poina no 10 makahiki a ma ka makahiki 1870 ka mea kū kaʻawale ole 'oe i ka Franco-German inventor H. Gramm ma ka like manao o ka DC mīkini hana wāwahie. Ma kēia mau machines, i ka iho (axis) o ka kuapo mea ana papamoe, a me ka ua, ua hoʻohana kalapona brushes ka hāʻuleʻana ma ke ÿauhau papa aneane Contemporary manao. Ma ka 70 la makahiki o ka 19th kenekulia ka loina o ka reversibility o ka pou machines ua lilo i ka luawai-ike, a me ka mīkini Gramm hoʻohana like me ka mīkini hana wāwahie a me DC Hawaii. Kona pae'ōnaehana rula ua ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna.

I loko nō o ka mea i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke apo no ka ihu armature ua nui i koe i loko o ka ulu ana o DPT, kona o Kahualoa Kokohi (kapa grammovskoy) i he nui drawback. Kaʻume mākenēki kahua o ka inductor auamo i wale ka poe o kona conductors (i kapaʻeleu), a waiho ma lalo o kēia mauʻauamo ma luna o ka pā paukūʻolokaʻa ili o ka armature. No ia mea, i ukali pūʻia e ka meaʻume mākenēki ikaika o Ampere, he ikehu me ka pili ana i ka Hawaii (axis). Ka poe AEeOEXAaI conductors i kekahi, ma ka puka komo lima heleuma i ole komo i loko o ka hanaia'na o ka manawa. Lakou wale lapuwale dissipated ikehu i loko o ka palapala o ka wela me keia poho.

Mai ka apo ana i ka heleuma pahu

Address keia shortcoming ke komo lima o heleuma pomaikai ae la lakou i ka makahiki 1873 ma ka kaulana Kelemānia uila F. Gefner-Alteneku. Pehea i mea ho'āʻo o DC Hawaii? Na ke hoʻohana rula o ka mea, kona inductor stator o ka ia me ka Hawaii me ke komolima o Kahualoa Kokohi. Akā, i ka manao o ka armature a me kona o Kahualoa Kokohi hoʻololi.

Gefner-Altenek kuhikuhi mai i ka olelo o ka armature pono e kahe ana mai ka paʻa palaki, ma conductors grammovskoy o Kahualoa Kokohi excitation ma e pili auamo, he mau ku pono ana, oa ka mea, hiki e hoohui i loko o nāʻanuʻu e waiho i loko o ka pā paukūʻolokaʻa ili o ka'ōwili hao me ka laula (kēpau) like me ka laau kona nui (ke anapuni o ka armature, a hiki i ka kekahi kaupoku o ka excitation).

Ma keia hihia, ua lilo ole i loko o ka hoʻopoepoe lua o ka armature, a me ka mea huli i loko o ka paa paukūʻolokaʻa (pahu). Kēia o Kahualoa Kokohi a me ka heleuma iho loaa i ka inoa o ka pahu. Hokii, o ke keleawe i loko o ia me ka hookahi helu o ka hana conductors mea nui e emi ma mua o ka grammovskoy o Kahualoa Kokohi.

Heleuma i kapa i

Nā machines a me ka Gramm-Gefner Alteneka heleumaʻilikai ua malimali, a me konaʻanuʻu conductors ka hooponopono ia i loko o ka nahā i waena o ka mea, a me kaʻauamo o ke inductor. Ka mamao ma waena o ka concave paukūʻolokaʻa ili o ka excitationʻauamo, a me ka armature convex ili i kekahi mau millimeters. No laila, e hana i ka makemakeʻume mākenēki kahua ikaika koi 'ia e pili i ka excitation coils me ka nui magnetomotive ikaika (me ka helu nui o nā' ana e haʻalele). He nui a mahuahua nui i ka nui a me ke kaumaha o na kiko'ī. Eia hou, i ka Kaulu o ka armature coils ka mea, ua hiki ole ke koho. Akā, pehea la e hiki ai ia ia? No ka, no ka hana ma luna o ke alakaʻi mele me kaʻikena Ampere max mea pono ia i loko o nā kumu i loko o ka lewa me ka kiʻekiʻeʻume mākenēki kula (me kaʻume mākenēki koko nuʻa).

Ua huli mai i keia mea,ʻaʻole pono. 'Amelika inventor H. Maxim pu hoike ia ina ka heleuma hana pahu kapa, a me na Groove i hanaʻia ma waena o nā niho, e kau i ka'ōwili hao o Kahualoa Kokohi pahu, hiki e hoemiia ka nahā i waena o nāʻauamo, a me ka excitation i ka hapa iki o ka millimeter. He hiki no me ka nui loa emi i ka nui o ka excitation coils, akā, i ka ikehu DPT aʻole i ua hoʻemi.

E like me ka mana o ia ka DC Hawaii? I ka rula o ka hana ua ma muli o ka mea i ua noi ole i ka conductors ka niho o heleumaʻume mākenēki ikaika i loko o kona kau (ʻume mākenēki kahua i loko o ia mea kokoke mamao), a me ka loa niho. Ke alo aku o ka pono i loko o ke alakaʻi mele i loko o ka Groove mea pilikia no ka hanana o kēia ikaika.

Pehea e pakele o eddy paialewa

Kekahi mea nui hou i kaulana inventor Kanaka Edison. He aha ka mea hou i ka DC Hawaii? Ka pae'ōnaehana rula i koe ua hoʻololiʻia, akā, me ka lako e mai i i kona heleuma hoʻololi. Ma kahi o ka mea kahiko papakaukau oia ua i ka ua laminekaʻia lahilahi uila kaʻawale mai kekahi i kekahi ma ka kila lahilahi. Ua hoemiia ka nui o ka eddy paialewa (Foucault paialewa) i loko o ka armature, a māhuahua ka ka hoʻokōʻana o ka engine.

Na ke hoʻohana rula o ka DC Hawaii

Iki ia paha e ua kālaiʻia like penei: ka wā ai pili aku i ka armature o Kahualoa Kokohi pīhoihoi Hawaii i ka mana kahi malaila aicieeaao nui au i kapaʻia ka inrush a me ka loa kekahi mau manawa o ka Loipālākiō waiwai. A, ma lalo o ka excitation auamo o ka alo polarity kuhikuhi ana o ka paialewa i loko o ka conductors o ka armature o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka ia e ku pono ana i ka hoike ana i loko o ka huahelu ma lalo nei. E like me ka rula, "haʻalele lima", mau alakai makapo i ka Ampere koa he counterclockwise kuhikuhi, a hāpai ka armature e ka ao ka. Ma ka armatureʻanuʻu conductorsʻonou electromotive ikaika (hoʻi-EMF), kuhikuhi oppositely i ka lako anakahi uila kumu. E like me ka armature hoʻonui, piʻi pū, a hoʻi-EMF i loko o kona o Kahualoa Kokohi. Alaila, o ka armature he ua hoemi mai i ka ho a hiki i ka waiwai e like me ka engine pae'ōnaehana wahi 'ano.

E hoomahuahua i ka mämä holo o ke kuapo o ka armature, ia mea e pono ai kekahi, e hoomahuahua i ka pono i loko o kona'ōwili hao a ho'ēmi hope-EMF i loko o laila. Ka hope hiki ke loaʻa ma ka hōʻemiʻana i ka nui o ka excitationʻume mākenēki ke kahua ma ka hoemi i ka pono i loko o ke kula o Kahualoa Kokohi. Kēia hana o ke kaōhiʻana i ka mämä holo o DPT Ua laha.

Na ke hoʻohana rula o ka DC Hawaii me ka kuokoa excitation

Me ka hoʻi o ke kulaʻanuʻu maʻi (OB) a hiki i ka hookaawale mana kahi (kuokoa Om) ikaika DPT ana hana e hana ia oi kupono i ka pāʻana i ka nui o ka excitation he (ma ka mea e hoʻololi i ka rotational māmā). Ma ka waiwai o ka DPT me kuokoa OB 'ano like loa me ka DPT OB, e pili ana ma ka laua me ka armature o Kahualoa Kokohi.

Shunt DPT

Na ke hoʻohana rula o laua DC Hawaii kahua pono me ka nānā 'ana i ka ma paʻi ano, a laila kaukaʻi o ka mämä holo o ke kuapo ana o ka haawe ikehu ma luna o kona mau lala. No ka mea, he engine holo oko a ma ka hoʻololi mai ka hoʻonaneaʻana a hiki i ka Loipālākiō haawe ikehu mea mai ka 2 a hiki i 10%. Mau ÿano waiwai i kapaiaʻoʻoleʻa.

Ke'ī mai, i ka hana rula o ka DC Hawaii me ka shunt ke kumu no ka palapala noi i loko o actuators me ka ikaika aku ka wikiwiki o ka nui haawe oko huahelu. Naʻe, ka mea, ua hoʻomanoʻia ia i loko o ka hooponopono ana i uila a holo me ka ee iaaanu aey māmā. No hoi, no ka loli ka māmā holo hooponopono hiki ke hoʻohana 'like me ka loli o ke armature pono a me ka kahuaʻikena.

Sequential excitation o ka DPT

Na ke hoʻohana rula o ka DC Hawaii o ka puke excitation like ia laua, ka mea ua nānā 'ia e ka ma paʻi ano, a ma keia hihia i pahee, no ka mea, engine mämä holo nui loli aʻe me ka haawe loli. Where mea loa mea eʻoi aʻe e hoʻohana i ka DC Hawaii? Ka pae'ōnaehana rula o ke alahao traction Hawaii holo a e emi ma lanakila i ka haku mele ae a hoi hou i ka palena iki noi ka wā o ka papu loa hoʻopili like me DPT me OB sequentially i pili i ka armature o Kahualoa Kokohi. Nolaila, he nui hapa o ka uila locomotives i loko o ke ao nei i hoʻolako pono me ka manaʻo.

Ka pae'ōnaehana rula o ka DC Hawaii me ka moʻo excitation hoʻokō i like pulsatingʻikena traction Hawaii i meaʻano nui o ka ia me DPT pahuhopu nei RH, akā, pela papahana no ka hoohana ia me ka rectified ano, ma luna o ka uilaʻikena me ka lula 'ripple.