E hoʻokoe ai carbohydrate holoholona. Reserve carbohydrates i loko o ka holoholona aeea mea glycogen paha pia? Like caiiaaaiiai carbohydrate kapa holoholona aeee?

All biochemical ha awina o ka holoholona aeee hiki e ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo i loko o nā verbs: "hale kūʻai" a me "ke kālā". Ke kaikaina i ke kino, i ka nui o ka kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi kemikala a me ka hoʻomāhuahua o ke aloha waiwai, e predominate ma luna o lākou cleavage a me na lilo. Ke kumu Ua puni hoʻi: e ulu, a me "kūkulu" kou kino, e pono i ka hailona o ea mea, a, o ka papa, ikehu. Ke kumu nui no? Ieoaeunoaaʻia keena o ke kumuʻiʻo, Hoʻohaku a me ka hui haawi ikehu - glycogen.

Ua Ua noʻonoʻo i ka hookoe carbohydrate me ke koe i loko o ke ake, a skeletal Muscle o mammals: nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Ka like ana o kona waiwai, a e e hoolilo i keia hana.

He aha a kahi mākou e stocking

Ma ka nui o ka holoholona keena ke aloha i huiʻia i synthesized a ua loaa i loko o kona mall naehana - organelles. Nā polokina i synthesized ma ribosomes, lipids, a me carbohydrates - ma na kaha o ka pahee endoplasmic reticulum. Ma mammals laau o ke aloha waiwai i loaa i loko o ka skeletal Muscle, akepaa, subcutaneous momona a me ka gland. Carbohydrate iāʻoe holoholona ka glycogen, i ua synthesized mai ka monakō koko na i loko o ke koko.

Ua Ua hana like me ka huina hoonui o ka dissimilation ai, a loaʻa, i ka nui, nō pia: ka berena, uwala, raiki. Mau waiwai i hoʻohioloʻia i loko o ka waha, opu, a me ka duodenum. I ka mea o lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE ka palaho. Ke kūpono monakō koko ka paka i loko o ka capillaries koko o ka villi o ka liʻiliʻi naʻau liʻiliʻi, a lawe laila, ma ke koko i nā nāʻiʻo a me ke akepaa, kahi e ua synthesized carbohydrate hookoe o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka.

He aha ka glycogen

ʻOiai ua mea i hiki mai i ka inoa o ka waiwai, i ka hua'ōlelo "glycosylation", i unuhi mai Greek o ia hoʻi, "ʻala", ka mea i aneaneʻaʻoheʻaiʻana. Loa paha, ka inoa Hōʻike i ka mea a pau a hiki i ka papa o ka luna 'carbohydrates, i pihaʻi me ke koena o ka monakō koko, maoli onoʻaiʻana. Glycogen i ke ano o ke keʻokeʻo ka pauka structureless. He hydrophilic a me kona mauʻano i ka colloidal pāʻoihana like i ka waiu. Like caiiaaaiiai carbohydrate i loko o ka holoholona aeea, he polysaccharide ua hydrolyzed i loko o kaʻakika 'ia i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Nā huahana o kona AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka wai e dextrins, hou - maltose, a me ka hope, monakō koko. E like me ka pīlali ukuhiia i ke ano o ka glycogen ai manamana kaula nā lātoma o ka loli iki ana nā paʻi hua.

biochemical waiwai

Ua hoʻokumu 'ia mākou i ka mea i glycogen o ka hookoe carbohydrate o ka holoholona keena. Reserve konohiki o kēia 'ano undergo i loko o ka cytoplasm o hepatocytes, leukocytes a me myocyte mau ae ke alo kaʻina. Me Kinohi: dissimilation, e alakai ana i kuu o ka monakō koko nā lātoma a me ka lua - kaʻaluna, i translates i loko o kekahi iāʻoe oi monakō koko pīlali - glycogen. Ua accumulates i loko o ke kino a me ka mea i ka hale kūʻai o ka ikehu ia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka holoholona ola a me kanaka.

Like synthesized holoholona pia

Hoole ana, mai ka Nine Inch wahi o ka hoomaopopo, ia mea he macromolecular hui - pīlali me ka lātoma residues i α-b monakō koko. I ka mea, i ua hoʻopiliʻia glycosidic paa ana, ho'ā hope ua koi, oa ka "'āina" sigma-hoopaa kalapona iwi hexose. He ua loaʻa i loko o ka ai-kapaia hexokinase naoh. Animal hookoe carbohydrate synthesized mai monakō koko-6-posapahate. Kēia waiwai a pau - He huahana o ka hexokinase naoh. Ke'ūhū catalyzes ka luna-i oleloiaʻano papa hana ua hookomoia ma ka cytoplasm hakuʻala keena, mucosal ahu iho la ka ka mea uuku naʻau liʻiliʻi, a me ka ake o ka holoholona a me kanaka.

hālāwai hope o ka glycogen

E like me mākou i ike mua, i ke koena carbohydrates ma ka holoholona aeee ka pia - glycogen. Biochemical haʻawina hōʻike i kona cleavage hiki ole lawe wahi me ke komo ana o kekahi mau ''ūhū - phosphorylase. Ua hana i loko o kaʻakika meakino i loko o ke alo o'okanikaʻole posapahate nā lātoma. Sam'ūhū i hana ma lalo o ka aoao o ka pancreatic hōmona - glucagon. Kona alo i loko o ke koko Hōʻike i ka nui o ka monakō koko i loko o kona haʻahaʻa. No laila, i ka holoholona meaola mobilizes hookoe carbohydrates - glycogen, a hoʻomaka e wāwahi ai, e kiʻi hou monakō koko hapa.

Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia glycogenolysis. Neurophysiologists ike ia stress hormones - adrenaline a me ka noradrenaline hua mai la ia e ka adrenal glands, i hoonaukiuki glycogenolysis.

Ke ake a me kona kūlana ma ka pūnao o carbohydrates

I kālaimeaola, ka nui digestive gland o mammals kapa biochemical hola. Aia hoʻi, ka mea, ua nui loa ka enzymatic reactions e hōʻoia i ka wehe aʻe o ka mea a me ka ikehu, oa pūnao. E like me uaʻike, hookoe carbohydrates i loko o ka holoholona aeea mea glycogen. Kona palaho e alakai koke i ka saturation o ke koko monakō koko - ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka ikaika no a pau mammals a me nā kānaka.

Nalowale holoholona pia compensated i loko o ko lākou mau kino ma ka loaa ana starchy ai: uala, ke kulina a me ka raiki. A pau o kēia mau huahana mea malalo iho e hoʻololi iho i loko o ka digestive'āpana, a me ke kūpono monakō koko komo i ke koko, a mai laila - i loko o aeee, pakahi aku la ia skeletal Muscle a me ka akepaʻa. Ka mea, i synthesized holoholona pia ma ka'ūhū - glyukopirofosforilazy.

He aha keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hoʻomaka ai ma skeletal Muscle

Like i loko o ke akepaa, ma ka myocyte - Muscle keena, loaa holoholona pia. Mai Muscle nuipa mea nui oi aku ma mua o ke kaumaha o ke ake, a me ka glycogen maʻiʻo i loko o ia mea nui kiʻekiʻe. Ma me ka holoholona pia hoʻomaka e Wāwahi. ua hana Lacticʻakika ma muli o ka glycolysis, e komo i ke koko, a ua lawe i ke ake a me ka hakuʻala keena. Ma ia mai o nā lacticʻakika nā lātoma synthesized no kameleona o ka monakō koko, i laila, unuhi i loko o ka hookoe polysaccharide. Ke naoh i wahi ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ikaika o ATP. Penei, hope carbohydrate holoholona aeea mea glycogen loaa ma myocytes, hepatocytes,ʻaʻa puʻuwai cortical keena, myocardial keena a me akemāmā.

Ke kūlana o ka'ūhū i loko o ka pūnao o ka holoholona pia

E like me ka'ōlelo muaʻia, hope o ka holoholona keena carbohydrate kapa glycogen. E like me ka hopena o nā ae e ku ponoʻaoʻao ma ka pūnao: fission, a kuʻi nukeliu, ia mea i ke komo pū o loko o kēia mau reactions. Ae huli ana o ka monakō koko i loko o glycogen a me ka hope, aole ia e hiki wale i ka wa e komo i loko o kēia mau reactions mea he luna ''ūhū kahua. Ua nā glikogenogeneza catalysts e like me phosphoglucomutase (pio monakō koko 6-posapahate e monakō koko-1-posapahate) a me ka UDF- glyukopirofosforilaza (irreversibility hoʻolako glycogen hoʻololi kemikala). cleavage reactions ana i loko o ke alo o ka glycogen a me nā nā'ūhū sequentially a pipili ma ka glycogen ai manamana aiʻaoʻao mau kaula. Ka'ōnaehana o ka luna-i oleloia'ūhū hana wale ma luna o ka wehe ana o glycogen ma heterotrophic holoholona aeea, no laila, i ka pane pololei a hiki i ka hoao ninau: hookoe carbohydrates ma ka holoholona keena nei: 1.Krahmal 2 Glycogen? - o ka hoakaka ma ka helu 2.

Carbohydrate pūnao a me kona hopena

Ma muli o ka luna haawi kūʻiʻo mākou i loaʻa i ka hookoe carbohydrate i loko o ka holoholona aeea mea glycogen. Aʻe 'o kona pūnao hiki e kena ae la ia e nā' ano o nā kumu. Ka mua - ka hewa ma kaʻai a me ka I Aloha Hawaii, i ka lua o ka - hanau mā ma ka'ūhū nenoai o ke kino. E kau no nā'ūhū pili iā ia, mea kuleana no nā ka splitting o ka holoholona pia, a me kona degere o ka monakō koko i loaʻa i loko o ke koko. No ia mea, pathologies hou i loko o nā reactions o ea pūnao, a me ka ikehu. Ka mea, i kapaʻia glycogen. E like me ia i ho'ākāka 'luna, hope carbohydrate i loko o ka holoholona aeea mea glycogen accumulates kuhikuhi i loko o ke ake, a skeletal Muscle. Nolaila, nāʻano o nā syndromes: Muscle a me ka ake etiology. Ka mua pūʻulu nā Glycogen pūnaewele maʻi type V. Ke hoomanawanui Aʻole i paka i ka'ūhū phosphorylase. Ua hiki aku i ka nānā aku i loko o ka mimi hromoproteidov - myoglobin hoʻokuʻu iloko o kaumaha physical hana. Kēia hualoaʻa ma ka hālāwai hope o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa, a me ka nānā aku o convulsive Hawaii.

E ake maʻi pale nā Gierke ka maʻi. Ua lŘlŘ loa pinepine maiʻuʻuku mai. Nā mea maʻi i ake keena nele i ka'ūhū e ana o ka loiloi mua huina hoonui o ka cleavage o glycogen e monakō koko i loko o ka hoʻomanawanui ka koko no laila, aia no he loa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ke kō (gipoglikimiya) a me ka acetone ma ka mimi akaka, e kauoha ana i ka intoxication o ka meaola.

Ma keia 'atikala mākou hookolokolo aku la ia i ka maomeka o ka holoholona pia pūnao - Glycogen e kahe ana ma ka mammalian a me kanaka keena.