English mathematician Dzhordzh Bula: Kawaihae, hana

E hele mai ana, mai ka poe ilihune hana-papa ohana Dzhordzh Bula i hanau ia i ia manawa, ma ka hewa wahi, a me ka oiaio ole i loko o ka nohona papa. He i ole i ka manawa e ulu i ka makemakika ano akamai, akā, hana iho la oia ia ia ma muli naʻe o na mea a pau.

Dzhordzh Bula: Kawaihae

Hânau 'ia November 2, 1815 ma ka' ōlelo Pelekānia hanalima kulanakauhale o Lincoln, Boole ua laki ia i ka makua e noho ana ua hoihoi i ka makemakika, a haawi mai nā haʻawina no kana keiki. Eia hou, ka mea, ao aku la ia ia pehea e e'ōnohi kani. Young George hu mai ko lakou i i kona haʻawina, a ma ka makahiki o ewalu makahiki, no ka oi o kona makua kāne ka hoʻoponopono-ao mai la.

A ohana hoa kōkua ao aku i ke keiki walaʻauʻana he Roma, a hooweliweli i loko o kekahi mau makahiki. No ka 12 makahiki bipi i unuhi i ka kahiko Roma poetry. No ka 14 makahiki, George ua poeko ma Kelemānia, Italian a me Palani. I kona makahiki 16, ua lilo i kumu Hope, a ao mai la ia ma ka kua'āina kula ma ke Komohana e holo ana o ka leʻaleʻa. Ma he iwakālua, Oaka ae la kona mau kula i loko o kona aina.

Over ka mea e hiki mai ana mau makahiki pōkole manawa o noa manawa Dzhordzh Bula pau keia heluhelu makemakika nā puke aie ma ka kūloko Institute o Mechanics. Aia oia i heluhelu i ka hana Isaaka Nyutona "ka He" a me ka hana ana o Farani, ka noiʻi Laplace, a Lagrange XVIII a XIX kenekulia "hoonoho ma lani Mechanics" a me ka "mākau Mechanics". He koke E ke Kumu i ka loa paʻakikī i ia manawa makemakika kumu, a hoomaka ae la e ke hoʻoponopono pilikia algebraic pilikia.

Ua ka manawa e neʻe ma.

ala hoku

I kona makahiki 24, Dzhordzh Bula paʻi i ka makemakika puke Kamepelika University kana 'atikala mua, "Haʻawina o ka pähola' ana o analytic loli '" ma algebraic pilikia o ka laina loli' a me ka palena pau nā helu kaulike me ka hoʻokoʻikoʻi ma luna o ka manaʻo o ka invariance. Over ka umi makahiki e hiki mai ana, i kona hoku i ala me ka ikaika kahawai o palapala 'atikala, kŰlń ao ma o aku o makemakika.

I ka makahiki 1844,, oia ua kia ma luna o ka hoʻohana 'ana o combinatorial Ka Ikepili a me ka makemakika ana no infinitely uuku, a he mana loa helu. I ka Ia makahiki no ka hana, paʻiʻia i loko o ka Puke Pai o ka Royal Society "Philosophical hana," no kona mau haʻawina i makemakika Ka Ikepili a me ka kūkākūkā o ki ina hana like o ka hoʻohuiʻia hōʻailona helu, e palena pau a me ka integral calculus, la oia i i hookoia he mekala gula.

Dzhordzh Bula koke i hoomaka ai e makaikai i ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻohana 'ana i hōʻailona helu, e hoʻoponopono i ke kūpili pilikia. I ka 1847 "makemakika Ka Ikepili o ke kūpili",ʻo ia,ʻaʻole wale hoʻonui i ka mua nā mea mahuʻi Gottfried Leibniz ma ka mea hoʻopili ma waena o ke kūpili a me ka makemakika, akā, i hoao aku au ia ia i ka mua, mea kuhikuhi i ka makemakika ka hoʻopaʻi, ma mua o philosophical.

Kēia hana i kauoha ole wale i ka manaʻo mahalo o ka poʻokela kūpili Augustus De Morgan (mentor Ady Bayron), akā, i hoʻopaʻa i kona wahi o ke Kumu o ka makemakika ma 'lii wahine a College ma Ireland a hiki ole ke kulanui hoʻonaʻauao.

Dzhordzh Bula: Lālā paʻa hōʻailona helu

Hookuu mai i ka hana o ke kula, hoomaka ae la e delveʻoi i loko o kā lākou mau hana, hoʻomālama ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka "makemakika Ka Ikepili" makemakika ano akamai, a hoʻoholo i ka 'imi i ke ala, e kākau Logical manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i ka kūikawā' ōlelo me ka a ka mea makemake e hiki e manipulate, a hoʻoponopono i mathematically.

He hele mai i ka'ōlelo hōʻailona helu, ekolu nui ana i ka poe (a nō i) "A", "OR" a me ka "NOT". Mau mana ekolu lilo i kumu o kona pa, a ua na ana wale koi 'ia e hana i ka hoʻohālike hana a me ka walaʻauʻana makemakika hana.

ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma Boole ka'ōnaehana i au mamuli o kana hana "ke ao o na kanawai o ka manao, i ka i ke kumu o nā mea a pau makemakika theories o ke kūpili a me probabilities" i loko o ka makahiki 1854, ma muli o ka aeaie kokoke loa i kahi, a me ka hoʻohana pū wale nō nā mea - "Ae" a "ole", "ʻoiaʻiʻo" a me ka " wahahee "," ma "a me ka" la "i" 0 "a" 1 ".

Personal ola

ʻO kēia mau makahiki, ua mare Mary Everest, kaikamahine o Sir George Everest, ma hope o ka mea a ka inoa o ka mauna kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke ao nei. Ka hui, he elima mau kaikamāhine. Kekahi o ia mau mea, o ka hiapo, lilo i kumu o ke kemika. Kekahi poe i komo ma ka anahonua. Ka muli loa kaikamahine o George Boole, Ethel Lilian Voynich, lilo iho la ia i ka mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana kakau iho la oia i kekahi mau hana, i ka mea hanohano o i o ka puke "Ka Gadfly".

e hoohalike ana

Surprisingly, haawiia i ke prestige o makemakika ma ka nā koʻikoʻi a hanohano, i ka manaʻo o Boole nema aku ai pau AOON e ka hapanui o kona wā. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ka American logician Charles Sanders Peirce ua oi hamama.

Kumamalua makahiki ma hope o ka lehulehu ākea o "Research" Pearce i ka pōkole olelo, wehewehe i ka manaʻo o Boole o ka American Academy o Arts a me ka Sciences, a laila, o ka oi ma mua o 20 makahiki, hoʻololi a me ka hoʻonui ia i ka Loaʻaʻia o ka pähola 'ana i mea e hoʻomaopopo. He ultimately alakai ai i ka manao o ka waihona ipu uila kūpili huakai kaapuni.

Ka puka nō ia o konaʻimi naʻauao ke kūpili maoli, aole loa i kūkulu ai, e like me ka ua he nui ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao ma mua o ka electrician, akā, i hoʻolauna i ka holomua Lālā paʻa hōʻailona helu i loko o kulanui papa Logical kālaiʻike.

Ma ka hopena, e hāʻawi mai kekahi haumāna i kekahi, Klod Shennon, i kēia manaʻo, a? Ac? Ia.

Recent hana

I ka 1957, George Boole i koho mau hoa o ka Royal Society.

Ma hope o ka "Research", oia paʻi i ka helu ana o na hana, a i ka mau loa influential nō i ka "hoonoho ma palena pau nā helu kaulike" (1859), a "A hoonoho ma ka Calculus o Finite oko ao" (1860). Books hoʻohana ka heluna o nā puke no na makahiki. He i ho'āʻo i ka hana i na ano o ka pahiki kumumanaʻo, a makemake aeʻikepili mai na probabilities o kekahi nenoaiu o ka hanana, e hooholo i ka hope pahiki o kekahi hanana pili i ka hoakaka Logical.

Na mea hou loa hooiaio

Eia naʻe, i ka hana i keʻakeʻa Boulle ka wā i make ai o "feverish i anu," i loko o ka makahiki o ka 49 ma hope o ka hele ana 3 kilomika i loko o ka ua, a ua haʻi'ōlelo ma pulu kapa. Keia mea, ua maopopo hookahi hou i ke ano akamai a me na ano kekahi manawa iʻuʻuku i loko, he pono ole.

'āina hoʻoili

"Makemakika Ka Ikepili" a me ka "Research" George Boole hoʻoili i ka hōʻailona helu Lālā paʻa, i ka mea i kekahi manawa, i kapaia i hoʻomaka me ke kūpili.

Kona nenoaiu o nā Hawaiʻi, manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē kaawale ana i loko o kekahi papa, a hiki laila hana hana e like me ke alo a me ka wa e kaawale aku o kekahi mau waiwai i i ka mea i hiki i ka e kuhi nānā 'ole i ka helu o ke kanaka hehee wale.

Hana Buhl alakai aku a hiki i ka hanaia'na o ka palapala noi, i ka mea hiki ole i noonoo wale. No ka laʻana, e hoʻohana kamepiula 'ē aʻe ma aeaie loa a me ka Logical hehee wale, me nā hale a me ka hana ana o i ka nānā' ana ma luna o Lālā paʻa ke kūpili. Science, a ua manaoia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a Dzhordzh Bula, kamepiula, kaupaona i nā i kaʻimi naʻauao kumu o ka 'ike a me ka computation, e like me he mea hiki epekema no kā lākou mau manaʻo.