Ferrous a me ka 'ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia. Ke ana, 'ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia. Ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia - mea ...

I eliiaʻi a puni mākou a pau a me na wahi a pau. I kēia lā ia mea he integral hapa o na mea he nui loa i mākou e hoʻohana i kēlā lā. Iki nana a puni ka lumi kahi au e, ka ia maoli mea e maopopo.

A hiki ma ke kula, ua ike no ua pau kēia mau nā minelala hao kekahi mau kumuhana e māheleʻia i loko o nui pūʻulu elua - ferrous a me nonferrous ke hooheheeia. A no ia no a hiki i ka hui, a mākou i ke loaʻa mai. He aha nō ka mea ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia nei ma luna o mākou Honua?

He aha meaʻeleʻele metala

Ma "ferrous metala" pili waeʻano hao, a pau kona oka a pau, i kēia manawa nei. Pure hao ua loaʻa ke ole ia wale nō ma ka noiʻi keʻena hoʻokolohua. Heʻano nui kila.

Kēiaʻano o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ua i hanaʻia ma ka huina lakou o ka hao me ka kalapona a me ka hou ana o keu oihana mua a haawi aku i ka kūpono metala likeʻole waiwai koi 'ia i loko o ka ua hana (e laʻa me,ʻume mākenēki).

Hao, a me Steel

Nō kāu, i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ferrous ke hooheheeia ho'āʻo kekahi mau maʻamau kūlana: na mea i eliia pōʻalo a me kona maikaʻiʻole i loko o ka umu ahi kiwi. Mahope hao ua loaa, mai ka i a laila lawe aku i kekahi ano i keia ano o ka kila a me ka hao oka a pau. Recent pinepine hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kaumaha hana. Akä, 'ole-ferrous metala mea he softer substance ka kānaka waiwai, e hoʻohana' ia ka mea, i loko o kekahi wahi.

Ka hao haku mele 'ana me 93% hao, a ma kahi o 3-5% kalapona eia kekahi koena nā kumumea i loko o ka poe liilii, mea. Keia mea ua kākaʻikahi hoʻohana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie, no ka mea, i ka friability. Ua hiki ke ike ia ma ka hana ana i kekahi mauʻano o nāʻohe, kiwikā paha kiwikā. Akā, ka hapanui o ka buke o ka hua puaa hao (90%) ua hoʻokō 'ia i loko o kila.

O ka papa kuhikuhi ano o ke kila, a i i ka hao i: kalapona a me ka haahaa kalapona (paakiki) kila, kuhiliʻole, ferritic-chrome, chrome, martensite-chrome, chrome-vanadium-oka a, nikala, tungsten, molybdenum a me manganese kila.

hao e hoohehee ai

Ma maemae palapala, i ka hehee ai o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina ua hookomoia ma ka honua i ka pńpa i loko o kekahi dala aho uuku (wale 5.5%). Akā, ia mea nui loa i kekahi hapa o kekahi mau hao i eliia.

Ka loa nui hoʻokomo kālā (palena pau o ka oi ma mua o 30 trillion tona) nā papa o ferruginous quartzite, o kona mau makahiki ua mau ieeeea? Oi aku makahiki. Ka mea, ua hohola nāʻano nui i loko o nā wahi e like me Akau a me Amerika Hema, Africa, India a me West Australia.

He aha mea he pili-ferrous ke hooheheeia

Kekahi nui pūʻulu o ke hooheheeia, e like me ka mua kekahi, i ka palupalu waiwai, ka mea, ua oi ea, e komo thermal a me ka uila conductivity, ka popopo ia'ku, a he nui na mea e ae.

Ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia - he ami inoa o nā mea a pau i eliiaʻi a me kā lākou mau oka a pau, me ka a koe o ka hao. Ka mea, hiki nō ke kapa " 'ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia", i mea maikai wale.

nonferrous ke hooheheeia e:

- Gula, ke kālā, platinum (mea maikai i eliiaʻi);

- Aluminum, titanium, makanekiuma, likiuma, beryllium (malamalama);

- keleawe, ke tina, ke kēpau pōkā, kiniki, cobalt, nikala (loa);

- niobium, molybdenum, zirconium, chromium, tungsten (refractory);

- indium, gallium, thallium (hoʻopuehuʻia);

- scandium, yttrium a me nā mea a pau o na lanthanides (pohihihi);

- radium, technetium, actinium, polonium, thorium, francium, uranium a me ka transuranic oihana mua (radioactive).

I ka moolelo o ka non-ferrous metallurgy

Ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia i keia la hoʻomano hoʻohana ma ka hana, Nine Inch hana, kūkuluʻia, a he nui nā wahi likeʻole o? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Mahalo i ka iao? Iiaie oaoieei holomua ka laulā o kēia mea ua mau hoʻonui, a me nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia? Iecaianoaaiiie enehana mau e hoʻoikaika 'ana.

Over manawa, ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia ulu, a alakai ai i ka loaʻa o ka hou oihana mua a me ka inoa. More a hou hoomaka ia e hoʻohana 'ia ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia? Iecaianoaaiiuo. I ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia, ka mea i hoʻohana ma kahi o 15 inoa, a me nā makahiki wale 50 hope - nā manawa hou aku. I keia la hoʻohana oi ma mua o 70 okoa ke hooheheeia, a mea he nui i waena o ka a ianoiyuaa a ike.

i ka nui o ka ulu ana i loko o koi no ka mea kaumaha ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia ua ukuia a hiki i ka ulu pono o ka kaua hana (no ka? iecaianoaaiiie o ammunition), akā, i ka pae o ka malamalama ia i loko o ka aerospace a me ka lewa oihana puolo.

Group o ka wa kahiko aliʻi massively hoʻohana 'ia e Jewelry a me nā mea e nani ai. Ma na 90s o ka 20th kenekulia 78% gula, 36% platinum a me ka 15% o ka kala i hoʻohana ai no kēia mau hana. Inā e lawe i ka nā wahi e hoʻohana maikai ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia, - he lolouila? Iecaianoaaiiuo (gula hui 'ana i loko o manaʻo), kaʻa? Iecaianoaaiiie (ma kahi o 43% o ka platinum), a me ke kala i ua hoʻohana no ka hana o ka ho film, a kiʻi mea.

No 'ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia

Kēlā me kēia o na mea hiki ke hooheheeia o keia pae i ka waiwai i hoakaka ia ma ka hapa nui no ia mea. Ua kekahi mea hoʻohana o non-ferrous ke hooheheeia ma na mea he nui na hana.

No laila, no ka mea hoike, i ka hapanui o ia i wehewehe aku e ke kiʻekiʻe wela nona iho a me ka thermal conductivity, a haawi mai ia i ka hiki e koke ho'ēmi hope kuʻihao. Aia He He downside a hiki i keia: hana me ke hooheheeia e like me makanekiuma a me ke keleawe ulaula ia, ka mea pono e reheated koke mua kuʻihao, a ma ke kaʻina iho e e hoopili i ka ikaika kumu o ka wela, no laila, i ka mea, i ole ho'ēmi.

Kekahi ano hiʻona o ka ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o me mechanical waiwai. Ma nānaina o ka pono, e akahele hana me ia i mea e pale aku deformation.

Ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia ma ka hahana maoli nō kēia kaʻina hana 'Imi komo i loko o naoh me nā kinoea. H ÷ ike i kēia waiwai o ka titanium, molybdenum a me ka tantalum.

Kēia pūʻulu o ke hooheheeia ke e ma ka hoohana ia no ka lōʻihi manawa, akā, e pono e pale mai o oxygen, a pepehi metala. No keia mea, conductors, no kekahi laʻana, i uhiʻia i ke aiiay varnish. Mālama 'metala amenable priming hana i loko o nā papa.

keleawe i eliia

Kēiaʻano o na mea i eliia o ka loa, he pono ole i loko o ka waeʻano "waihoʻoluʻu". He mea hiki ke hooheheeia no hoi i ka widest kahua o ke noi: kūkulu, ikehu hana, aeronautics, lāʻau lapaʻau, ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka pono ka wela poe kuai moni, a he nui na mea e ae.

Wahi keleawe hoʻokomo kālā i kekahi like. I kēia lā, nui ua pili i ka poe ilihune interspersed i eliia (porfirovannogo type) i i hua mai la i loko o ka lua craters. Ho okumu i kekahi Nine Inch hehee ai, mai ka wela pāʻoihana a i hanaiia mai o ka pelemaka keʻena. Nui lako hou o keia na mea i eliia ua aia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Akau a meʻAmelika Hema.

Kekahiʻano o ke keleawe i eliia - pyrite, ua loko mai o ka lalo o nā kai a me ka moana. Source -'āina i loko o ka Urals.

A me kekahi nui kumu o na mea e hooheheeia, he keleawe sandstones (Chita Oblast ma Rusia, Katanga ma Africa).

Penei, ai '-ferrous ke hooheheeia - he paʻa mau mea no ka hana ana i na mea he nui o na mea i puni mākou.