Frederic Joliot-Curie: i Kawaihae, a piʻi like

Frederic Joliot-Curie - he luawai-ike nohona activist , a me ka Palani physicist. He ua kekahi o na luna a me Mamua o ka Pugwash me ka hālāwai kūkā ma Science a me World Affairs, a me ka maluhia ana. Together me kana wahine, Irene loaa he Nobel waiwai pio i loko o kemika. He 'atikala e hoike i kona pōkole Kawaihae.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka hoʻonaʻauao

Jean Frederik Zholio i hanau ia ma Palika ma ka 1900. Ke keiki ka makua kāne Henriʻano ana pū i kalepa, a ua hele mai la koʻu makuwahine Emilia, mai ka Kalawina ohana. Frederick i ka muli loa i loko o ka ohana o Joliot, helu eono keiki.

I ka 1910, ua hoouna mai la ke keiki, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ke kula Lakanal. ʻEhiku mau makahiki ma hope, Jean hoi i Paris, a ua hoʻoholo ihola i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i ko lākou ola i ka 'epekema. I ka 1920, he kanaka opiopio i komo i ke Kula o haʻapili kemika a me ke kālaikūlohea High. I ka 1923 Joliot puka 'o ia mai ia i ka mea maikaʻi i loko o hopena o ka hui.

Lawelawe a me ka hana

Frederick loaa ka kekelê wilikî. I loko nō o kona haʻawina, oia loaa maikaʻi nā mākau ma ka pili ana o ke kālaikūlohea a me ka kemika. Akā, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau, Jean ua hoihoi i ka walaʻauʻana noiʻi. Ke kumu no ka mea i ka aoao o Paul Langevin (Palani physicist). Ua ua me ia Frederick a kūkākūkā hou i kona mau manao no ka wā e hiki mai, ka wā i hoʻi mai ai i ka hale ma hope o kaua hana. Paul i aʻo aku Joliot kiʻi i Hope ma ka Radium Institute i Marii Kyuri. I ka makahiki 1925, Frederick hoomaka hana kahua ma keia kula. I kona hoʻokoe manawa, i ke kanaka opiopio, hele ia e noiʻi i ke kālaikūlohea a me ka kemika.

Personal ola

Ka Institute Joliot lilo ike me Maria ka kaikamahine nona ka inoa Irene. A makahiki ma hope, i ka keiki kanaka ho'āpono mare. Ma hope iho ua Frederick i kekahi papalua-wali i kapaia - Joliot-Curie. Wahine i hahai ia hoopii. he keiki kāne, a ke kaikamahine a (nā lilo kānakaʻepekema i loko o ka wā e hiki mai) - Soon mau keiki i ka hui i.

noiʻi

i ka ahaaina mare ma hope, ka meʻe o kēia 'atikala i hoomau i ka hana ma ka Radium Institute. I ka 1930, ua loaa i kona doctorate inoa no ka noiʻi ke keʻena o ka radioactive polonium. Akā, 'Aʻole nō naʻe i ka degere, kokoke i kekahi i loko o ka' epekema kaiāulu, aole ia i ike pehea e kapa Joliot-Curie. Oia hoi, ka mea iʻikeʻia iki.

Frederick ho'āʻo e imi i ka me kēia kulana, akā, i kona hoao ana i lanakila. Ke nä känaka 'epekema Ua kāinoa mua manao ana pehea e kiʻi i ka chemist practitioner no hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Joliot-Curie kōkua Zhan Perren. Mahalo i ka colleague Frederick loaʻa iâ ke aupuni hoʻonaʻauao, a ua hiki ke noho ma ke kula,. I ka 1930, i ka Kelemānia physicist Walter bothe hoikeia mai i ka wa bombarded helium nuclei (i hanaʻia ma ka hoʻopöʻino 'ia o ka polonium) boron a me beryllium, i ka hope hoʻokuʻu akula kiʻekiʻe penetrating pāhawewe.

Loaʻa nui o ka 'enekinia, hoʻonaʻauao' ana i 'ae' Joliot-Curie e kāinoa ikepili koʻikoʻi mīkini hopu ka mea hewa me kūkulu-i Punk keʻena. Kēia mea kākau penetrating pāhawewe. Ua lawe ia ka hāpana mua polonium. I ka 1931, Frederick a me kana wahine, hoomaka ae la e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina. Iloko o ka hoʻokolohua, ike aku la lakou ia ina boron ma waena o ka irradiated (a me ka beryllium) a me ka mīkini hopu ka mea hewa mea he wiwi papa o ka hydrogen-i loaʻa ka waiwai, ua papalua ka loiloi mua kiʻekiʻe o ka pāhawewe.

Ka loaʻa o ka hou oihana mua

Additional ho okolohua wehewehe i ke ano o ka mea hou pāhawewe. Ua huli mai i ka mea, ua i mai o ka hydrogen nā'ātoma i ka wāʻalo me ka pāhawewe lilo 'ano kiʻekiʻe wikiwiki, eia nae aole Frederick aole hoi Irene e maopopo aole i hiki maopopo i ka pā o ke kaʻina. Eia naʻe, mahalo a hiki i ka hopena o ko lākou noiʻi Dzheyms Chedvik i ka 1932 loaa ka neutron huna, i mea he hapa o ka'ātoma nucleus. I ka Ia manawa ka physicist Amelika Carl D. Anderson i kākau e pili ana i positrons lilo he hopena ia i hoouka ma, alpha (particles) o ka Aluminum a boron.

Irene a Frederic hana lākou noiʻi, a kau i ka hou hoʻokolohua. Na Punk keʻena Eia kekahi laʻana i hahao Aluminum a me ka boron, a paa hou mai la kona wehe ana me ka Aluminum pepa kini. A laila, i ka hui i hoomaka pāhawewe Alpha pāhawewe. Nā positrons maoli lilo anao? Aou, akā, ma hope o kekahi mau minuke hoomau polonium kumu wale hoʻopau lākou ea puka.

Penei, Frederick a me Irene ike i kekahi irradiated Eia kekahi laʻana i boron a me ka Aluminum i lilo iho i loko o hou Nine Inch hehee wale. Eia hou, e lilo ia i mea radioactive. Boron kālaiōewe ua hoohuliia mai i ka naikokene a me ka Aluminum - phosphorus.

Ka Nobel uku

I ka makahiki 1935, i hookoia Irene a me Frederic ka Nobel lua no ka hoʻololi kemikala o hou radioactive hehee wale. Pela ka inoa Joliot-Curie Ua mau loa kākauʻia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kemika. I kona Nobel olelo nä känaka 'epekema, ua kaulana iaʻimi hoʻopunipuni radioactive manawa e hehee wale e hoʻohana like tracers. He nui simplifies i ka pilikia o ka loaa a me ka wehe i ka likeʻole eiiiiiaiou a mea i loko o ka meaola ola.

hou hana

I ka 1937, physicist Joliot-Curie noho iho e hana ma ka Radium Institute. No hoi, ua hoonohoia oia i Kumu ma ke Kulanui de Ka Palani, Paris. Eia ke nä känaka 'epekema wehe i ka noiʻi konu o nukelea kemika a me ke kālaikūlohea. A nae kau i Frederick i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, kahi hoʻomalu o kekahi mau piliʻike ke hana pono pu, e kū ai i ka maikaʻi i nā hualoaʻa. Ma waho kūkulu physicist hoi malalo o mua cyclotron ma Farani, ma ke kumu o ka, alpha (particles) e? Oaony radioactive hehee wale.

kaua

I ka 1939, i ka Kelemānia chemist Otto Hahn i ka loaʻa. I mai la ia i ka 'epekema kaiāulu e pili ana i ka manawa kūpono o ka fission o ka uranium nā'ātoma. Ma hope o kēia, Joliot-Curie hoike ana ia mea pahū. Physicist hoʻomaopopo i ka weliweli nui o ka ikehu kuu i ka fission o ka'Ātoma. E hana ia, Frederick i kuai mai Norway kokoke i ka anai loaʻa lako o ka wai kaumaha. Akā, noiʻi nä känaka 'epekema keʻakeʻaʻia ka outbreak i ka manawa o ke Kaua Honua II. Farani noho ana i ka Kelemānia kaua. Ka maopopo mua nui, Joliot-Curie waʻapā i ka wai kaumaha ma 'Enelani, kahi epekema hoʻohana mea i loko o ka ulu ana o'ātoma mea kaua.

ʻikepili

Iloko o ka hana o Frederick i koe i loko o Palika. I loko nō o ka mea i ke nä känaka 'epekema ua i loko o ka Farani, Socialist Party, a ua Anati-fascist wale, ka mea, ua mālama lākou ia i nā hana ma ke Kulanui de Ka Palani, a me ka Institute o Radium. No hoi Joliot-Curie ua he lâlâ o ka ia'ku ka hele, a ua ma ke poʻo o ka "National Front" (ka lola honua hoʻolālā). A me kona mau keʻena hoʻokolohua Frederick hoʻohana ai no ka hana o ka Radio? Ieaoa a me ka pōkā pahū, a ua hāʻawiʻia mai i ka poʻe kaua o ke ea. Ma ka waena o ke kaua, ke nä känaka 'epekema ma muli o ke kumu hoohalike o kona kumu, Langevin a hui i ka Communist Party.

Ma hope iho o ka liberation o ka Farani kapikala o ka meʻe o kēia 'atikala i hoonohoia ma ka lāʻau kū o Poʻo o ka National Research Center. Frederick i ka aina i ka 'epekema Loaʻaʻia e hoola. I ka pau ana o ka makahiki 1945 i ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka noi' ana i ka pelekikena Charles de Ka Gaulle. Joliot-Curie ma Farani i makemake e ho okumu i ka'ātoma Energy Komikina. Ekolu makahiki ma hope, physicist alai ae ho'āla ai i ka aina ka mua nukelea mīkini'ātoma. He nui hoʻomāhuahuaʻoe i kona inoa maikaʻi me he nä känaka 'epekema a me ka luna hoʻomalu. Aka hoi, Frederick ka wale nô ma ka Communist Party ua kena ae la i kekahi wahi lihi iki o keʻano'ōhumu mai. I ka makahiki 1950,ʻo ia i hookuu ia mai ka lāʻau kū o ka luna hoʻokele o ka Commissariat.

make

Na makahiki hope o ke ola ana o Frederic Joliot-Curie, nona Kawaihae, ua hōʻike mai iā ia ma luna, hoolaa ai e aʻo a me ka noiʻi. He i alakaʻi i ka World Aha, a alakai aku ia mau haʻawina. I ka makahiki 1956, Irene make. I ka make ana o kana wahine ua no Frederick kaumaha loa. Akā, ka mea, he e huki iaʻu pu, a poai puni i ka Institute o Radium. Joliot-Curie i kākoʻo i ka hana o ka hou kulanui ma Orsee, a ao mai la ia ma ka Sorbonne. Soon, nae, o kona kino hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia ma ka oeaa ia-imua o ka mua a me ka hepatitis stress, i hele pu ole. Ma 'Aukake 1958, i ka nä känaka' epekema ua make ma Palika.

Pomaikai a me ka hoʻolilo 'ia'

Nā hoapili i emi iho Frederick me ka hoomanawanui, ano a me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi kanaka. He makemake e heluhelu, e pena Landskap, a i ka paani i ka hoʻokani piano. I ka 1940 Joliot-Curie, ua lanakila 'o ia i ka gula kâlâ keʻokeʻo Barnard o Columbia University no poʻokela' epekema e piʻi like. A i loko o ka USSR Frederick i hookoia ka Stalin uku, haawiia mai ka makahiki "no ka malu ma waena o na lahuikanaka."