Geiger counter a me nā mea'ē a'e no ke ana'ana i ke ki'eki'e o ka radiation

'O nā pūnaewele,'o kā lākou'oihana ke kau'ana i ka laulā'ana, hiki i ka manawa o kā mākou manawa ke mana'o'ia e pili ana i ka'ano o ka lakohana mea ho'ohana. Pehea e hana ai kēia hana a no ke aha i lilo ai i mea kaulana?

Pehea e hana ai?

'O ka mea kaulana a kaulana loa no ka ho'onui'ana i ka radioactivity,'o ia ke kumu o kahi papa. Ua aie'o ia i kona inoa a me kona helehelena i ka Hans physician Hans Geiger, nāna i ho'okumu i kēia mea i ka makahiki 1908 a me kekahi loea kaulana kaulana,'o Ernst Rutherford. He iwakālua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ho'i maila'o Geiger i kāna mea i hana ai a ho'opau'ia me ka lā'au kauka W. Muller. 'Oiai'o kēia'oihana i'oi aku i ka haneli haneli mau makahiki, ua ho'ohana maika'i'ia ia i ko mākou mau lā. 'O ka hapa nui o nā homeimeters hale hana like like.

Pehea e hana ai'o Geiger? 'O kona kumu nui, he hō'ailona i ho'opa'a'ia a he'ili keleawe paha i ho'opiha'ia me ka hui pū'ana o nā kinohū kino - neon a me ke argon. Ma'ane'i, ua ho'onoho'ia'elua mau koho i kahi bale. E like me ka mea i'ike'ia, ho'ololi'ia ka radiation ma ke'ano o nā mea'āpana nalu. Ke ho'okemu'ia kekahi o kēia mau mea komo i ka meter, ua ho'okumu'ia ke kinikinia: ua loa'a i nā hāmole o ka kino ka ukuhuhu ma kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke ho'omālamalama. Ho'opa'a'ia kēia hana e ke kuhi. No ka ho'opa'a inoa'ana i ka nui o nā mea pā'ani radioact, e ho'opau'ia ke ka'ina hana ho'onāuki. Hana kēia i loko o ka hapa o ka lua. I ka'ike'ana i nā mea pā'ani radioact,'o ka counter o ka geiger e hua mai i kahi kani hopena.

Ka pāhawewe ke pae ana ma nāʻaoʻao. Me nā pū'ulu pili kālā, ho'ohana pinepine'ia nā'ele'ele scintillation. I ka hana o kēia mau mea i ua ma muli o ka mea i kekahi waiwai (e laʻa me, paʻakai iodide ole kiniki sulphide) naauao ana i ka loaʻaʻana o ka pāhawewe. 'O ka helu o nā hāme'a e pili ana i ka ho'olele o radiation a ho'onohonoho'ia e kahi polokalamu kūikawā - he mea ho'onui pinepine photoelectric.

'O kekahi kumu'ē a'e,'o ia ke'ano hana hana'ele'ele no ka wehe'ana i ka radioactivity. Ua hoʻohana Nine Inch reactions 'ia i loko o kekahi mea ma lalo o ka aoao o ka pāhawewe. Eia kekahi la'ana, ke kuhi ka chloroform i loko o kēia hihia a ho'okumu i ka waiuma hydrochloric, a komo i loko o kahi hō'ailona me ka mea'ai i ho'onui'ia i ka chloroform.

Ma hea lākou e ana ai i ka pālahalaha ma ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā?

No ke aha mākou e makemake ai i kēia'ano no nā po'e i nele i ke'ano me kahi'ano maluhia? 'O ka pinepine ka ho'ohana'ana o ka dosimeter o ka radioactivity e ana i ka laulā o ka pale kala ma nā mea'ai a me nā mea hale. Hiki ke nānā'ia ke kuhi hewa i ka'āina i kūkulu'ia ai ka hale a i'ole i mana'o'ia e kūkulu'ia. Ua ai hiki mai ia i ka lōʻihi manawa, kanaka a pau me ka hoʻowahāwahā i ka pāhawewe, i hoʻonohonoho ai i nukelea ilina kumu i loko o ka loa unexpected wahi - ma ka seabed 'ole i loko o kekahi haalele i koʻu. 'O ka Chernobyl'ino ka nānā nui'ana i ka pale kala me nā maka'ē a'e. A'o ka pō'ino i hala ma Fukushima, ua hana'o Geiger a me nā mea'ē a'e i kaulana.

'Oiai, he'ano li'ili'i ka nui o nā dosimeters no ka ho'ohana'ana i ka'ohana. Ua ho'olako'ia lākou me nā hō'ailona e'ike ai i ke ki'eki'e o ka'ōlaha. Hiki ke loa'a nā paepae puka a me ka paepae paepae. Ho'olahalaha nā pūnaewele o ke'ano mua i ka wā i'oi aku ka lō'ihi o ka ho'oulahala'ana, i ho'onohonoho'ia e ka mea hana mua. Hō'ike kēia i kahi hō'ailona leo. He mea ma'alahi a me ka ma'alahi ka ho'ohana'ana o ia dosimeters. Nā hō'ike o ka lua o ka hō'ike hō'ike i kahi laulā kūlana kūikawā, hiki ke ho'onohonoho lima'ia ka pae paepae ma luna o lākou. He mea ma'alahi kēia'ano hana no nā'oihana, ke'ike pono ke kanaka i ke'ano o ka hahawewe i loko o kēia hihia he mea weliweli.

E like me kā mākou e'ike nei, hiki ke'ike i ka pale kalaha i loko o nā kūlana home. Akā'o ka hiki mai o kahi dosimeter i loko o ka hale,'a'ole ia e ho'olilo iā'oe he'oihana. No laila, inā loa'a iā'oe nā mea i loa'a i ka ma'i a i'ole nā wahi e ho'ohana ai i ke kōkua a nā po'e lapa'au e loa'a.