Hadfield kila hiʻona: i ka haku mele 'ana, ka hoʻohana'

Ke kila hana - kekahi o nāʻano nui eiiiiiaiou o ka GDP o kela a me keia aina, e like me ka mea produces kū hoʻokahi a me ka maikaʻi kēia mea. Me ka hua steelworks huahana na kanaka a hiki ole ke hana ole. Steel - kekahi o ia mau mea. Aia i nāʻano o nā mea i hoʻohana i loko o na mea he nui na hana. Steel, a ua kiʻekiʻe plasticity a me ka lei ana, ia - Hadfield kila, - hanana oka a pau. Olelo no ka mea, i hooponopono ia e GOST 977-88 a me ka haole counterparts (USA, England, Germany, China, Japan, Finland, Spain, Korea).

History Hadfield kila

E like me ka inoa paipai, ka mea hiki e ua kūkākūkāʻia ia mea, ua Robert Hadfield loaa keia oka a pau. Wai i ka mea haku polokalamu? Robert Hadfield - English metallurgist a loaa no ia i ka oka a me ka oi aku ka ikaika i ka 1882. Loa koke, ua hohola iho la keia kila, a ua nui loa hanana mea.

Ma hope o Hadfield Steel Ua ulu he wahi kū hoʻokahi, hoihoi i loko o kona ulu ana ma ke koa. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea e like me ka oka a mea he nui ke keʻena no ka hanaia'na o aiiay lako a pan no na koa.

Infantry mahiole haka - ka mua aiiay ipu, a ua nānā 'ana ma luna o Hadfield kila. Mau mahiole Ua hoʻohana 'ia e na koa o ka Beritania Army, laila, lilo hoihoi i loko o ka ulu ana o ka US koa, a ua hoʻomaka lākou? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Up i ka 'enehana 80 Hadfield kila i ole hoʻololi i. Akā, me ka 80-ies? Ac? Organoplastics i ikaika mea i emi iki mahope o mea hoʻomohala ma ka metallurgist Pelekāne, akā, ka mea, ua nui maʻalahi.

Mahiole no ka infantry - ka mea, i ka wale ana o Hadfield kila. Ka Beritania poe "Vickers" i ka mea mua e e hoʻohana 'ia no nā hana i ke kiʻekiʻe-kaha kila. Pūʻolo kapa kila kona kalaka, hoomaka ae la ka hana Hadfield o ka oka a pau i loko o nā 20s. Steel pahu ia i kona kalaka māhuahua holo kaʻa kālā mai ka 500 a hiki i 4800 kilomika. Iloko o ka First World War, he like mahuahua ma ka holo kaʻa kālā ua noʻonoʻoʻaneʻane i ka hana mana. Hadfield kila ua lilo paʻa mau no ka pahu ulu. Soon, keia oka a ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ole wale pahu akā, i loko o nā hana. Ma ka USSR, i ka hoʻomaka o Hadfield kila smelted i ka 1936.

Hadfield Steel: haku mele 'ana

Ke kālailai Nine Inch haku mele 'ana, ma ka like o ka pakeneka o ke kalapona a me manganese hiki ke ike ia ia mea austenitic kila. Oia kekahi me nā hale hoonui ae i ka Wear ia'ku, a hoopaakiki hoi i ka oka a pau. Pela, ke kila mea hoʻopale i ka deformation kaʻina hana, me ke kiʻekiʻe degere o ka ductility a me ka toughness. Steelmakers aku nei au i keia i ka mua oka a kuhiliʻole kila, a i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka nuipa a-hua.

Waiwai o Hadfield kila

Manawa i kona waiwai austenitic kila hiki ole ke hoʻokō 'ia e oki i na mea paahana, no ka mea, i ke kiʻekiʻe (viscosity). Wale mōlina i e pono ai no ka hana o nā huahana i mai keia mea.

Hadfield oka a pau i ke kiʻekiʻe nona iho no ka hana iho i poe paakiki, i mea me ka nui loa oi aku ma mua ia o ka like kila oka a pau. Austenitic kila he haʻahaʻa paakiki, kiʻekiʻe Wear ia'ku akā, no hoi ma luna o hopena, kiʻekiʻe puʻe a me ka wela kulu. Ma muli o kēia mauʻano, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka Pelekania metallurgist kila pono no ka hoʻohana ma corrosive hana kūpono.

No kuʻihao enehana Hadfield kila

Ke thermal conductivity o ka austenite mea me ka nui loa haʻahaʻa ma mua ia o nā steels, 4-6 manawa. Ke thermal? Aiey kaʻi lau waiwai i na manawa he oi aku ia o ka haʻahaʻa-kalapona steels - i loko o 1,9 manawa. Mau mea nui nui ano o na mea hiki ke hooheheeia, no laila, i ke kanawai ma ka manawa kūpono o ka anuʻuʻina i loko o ke ana wela waiū.

Aia mea he nui pahiki a me ka welaʻuʻina ku i ka shrinkage o ka ninini oka a pau, i mea 1,6 manawa hou haʻahaʻa-kalapona mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe ana o ka austenitic 'ole i ka martensitic, a maoli he ka pilikia ana o na mawae ma ka aina o ke kiʻekiʻe mahana.

Mau mea o ka noi Hadfield kila

Manawa i kona Nine Inch haku mele 'ana,' ano a me nā hiʻona o ka austenite ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o na mea he nui na hana. E ho ohana i kila huahana, e hiki eʻoiaʻiʻo o ko lākou pono, a me ka mea paʻa kiekie loa.

Wear-hoʻopale kila mea he kaulana mea. A nui ka helu ana o na hana e paka kiʻekiʻe-ikaika huahana, hoʻohana Hadfield kila. ʻO kēia huahana i lawe, mai keia oka a pau.

• Ka hana 'enekinia huahana.
• Truckee poʻina nalu enuhe.
• Nā kaʻa kauō.
• Alahao i kela kapa.
• Turnouts, hiki no ke hoʻohana i hoʻohalahala hopena haawe ana a me ka abrasion ana.
• O ka hale paʻahao lāʻau kī ma ka puka makani.
• crusher eiiiiiaiou.

Entertaining ua manufacturing halepaahaoʻolu o ka austenite. He nui nā manaʻo i ia mea hoʻokino hoomaewaewa ia o ka pio a pau e e ho'āʻo e pakele. E like me ka Classics o ke ano moʻokalaleo Ke, he nui hanauna sneaked ka hacksaw i ka pio a pau e ma ka manaolana o ke ku okoa ana hoʻomaka e kua window mau kaola.

Ma ka hihia o ke ano o metala mea paha e pakele ai. Akā, Hadfield oka a - ia mea, e mae-hoʻopale kila, i mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO he hacksaw e ike ole i ke Akua. Inā e hoʻomaka e ike aku la i ka puka olu oia i o ka oka a Hadfield, e hoomaka e hoopaakiki o kaʻili kai, i hiki aku ai i ka poe paakiki, o ka austenite. Hacksaw puka olu oia maoli ka paakiki a me ka paakiki handsaw luna. Nolaila, ua hiki ke kamailio e pili ana i ka unreality o e pakele ai.

kila 110G13L

Steel papa 110G13L - oka a pau, a ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hoike ana a me ka mea kūikawā waiwai. Kēia kila i ke kiʻekiʻe Wear ia'ku ma a kui mai a me ka puʻe differentials.

Palapala noi steels 110G13L

Kēia ʻano o ke kila ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke kēia mau pono hana.

• Kaumaha dute wahi i pono, e mau nō ia.
• ʻohana crusher.
• Nā niho o nā mīkini hoʻeliʻeli paia.
• Ei mea poepoe, mokulele hēkī mea wili.

Analogs steels

Oia ke kila hua mai la ma na kauhale.

Waiwai o ke kila papa 110G13L

ʻanoʻenehana a me mechanical waiwai o ka mea i haawi mai ai i loko o ka papa.

Mechanical waiwai ma T = 20 ^e C momoku ahi kila 110G13L

wela lapaʻau

Heat lapaʻau Hadfield kila hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka iliwai o ke kalapona ka maʻiʻo ma ke oka a pau. Ke kiekie iliwai o kalapona, ka mea kiekie oia ka mea ana wela. No ka laʻana, ina ma o ka oka a pau ia mea ma 1%, ka mahana e e lalo 900 degere. Inā 1.5% kalapona, ka aaioee mea hiki i 1000 degere. Inā kalapona mea i loaʻa i loko o ka oka a ma 1,6%, ka mahana e ia ma luna o 1050 degere. Kēia Ua ukali ia e ka wai ka huʻihuʻiʻana.

High ka mahana Ua koi 'ia no ka piha noho male' ana o carbides, degrade i ka mea e like ai o ka hoike ana, a no ka ulu ana o austenite mānoanoa. e hoolei ana waiū manawa hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kona mānoanoa. Penei, he 30-mm o kona mānoanoa pono limu pulu i ka 4 hola, a me ka 125 mm o - 24 hola.

Abrasion ia'ku Hadfield kila ma ka like-hoolei ana o ka ia me ma hope o I hoopio ai hoi. austenite 'ole ua hoopuniia e ka carbide a me ka hei hoi, e mae wale no keia e like me homogeneous aku ka paakiki oka a pau. Ua hiki no ia mea, e ua kūkākūkāʻia ia i loko o kekahi hoʻoheheʻeʻia austenite microvolumes mai i ka ia i ka ikaika a me ka mea paʻa like hoopaakikiia kila. Kona mahuahua fragility aie a hiki i ka aoao o ka carbide maka aha, i ke kumu no ka ikaika lehulehu o na aʻo nui.

Hadfield kila? Ac? Mau makahiki aku nei. I kēia lā, oka a kila - mea he integral hapa o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o na mea he nui huahana ma kekahi hana. Me na hana like mīkini hale, ka aila a me ka kinoea, Nine Inch, meaʻai aaioee, ikehu hana hiki ole kuleana pili i pono. Mai poina e pili ana i ka hana, pahu manufacturing a me ka hooulu ana o ka houʻano o nā mea kaua i hoʻohana hou e piʻi like kila oihana puolo. Eia naʻe, nā kānakaʻenehana a me metallurgists e maopopo a pau o ka waiwai, a me nā hiʻona 'ano o ka oka a steels oo ole.