Hakakino ke kaupaona: no ka pā o ke Nine Inch anakahi, ki ina hana like o ka manao paa

Ke hakakino kaumaha o ke kaupaonaʻana o nā mea a pau nā'ātoma na i loko o ka lakou mau lātoma. Kēia anakahi ua hoikeia ma ka amu ('ātoma nuipa huahelu).

Ke Nine Inch kekahi manawa cia mau hōʻailona i loko o kilograms. No keia hopena, ka mea, ua hoonuiia ka 1.66057 * 10 ^-27. Kēia helu o 1 amu nuipa a hoʻopili like me 1/12 a me ke kaupaona ana o kekahi'Ātoma nuclide ¹² C. Ma ka hapanui hoopii, hoʻohana no ka pili hakakino kaumaha, i mea ka hakakino kaumaha lākiō o ke kaupaona ana o kekahi'ātoma pa alima.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i keia huahelu, e kōkua i ka i emi iho i ka nui o ka lātoma a me nā mea a pau i ka isotopes mea nāna i hana i ka like Nine Inch hui.

Ke macroscopic pa alima dala o ka waiwai, a ua kapaia "Mol" o kekahi mau helu o (particles) - nā'ātoma a me nā lātoma, he huina'ine paha ion hui. Keia huina o 6,022 * 10 ²³ (no laila, i kapaʻia-Avogadro a eia i). E loaa i ka pili hakakino kaumaha, pono e hoonui i hakakino kaumaha ma ka helu a me ka puunaue ia ma ka huina hoonui o ka Avogadro mau, a me ka nuipa o kekahi'ātoma pa alima.

E like me ka hoʻoholo 'ana o ka hakakino ke kaupaonaʻana o ka waiwai?

Ke easiest ala e hooholo i kēia aiao mea e hoʻohana i ka kūikawā haʻilula, e like me a kekahi hui pono kaumaha i puunaueia ma kona helu.

Inā mākou i ka Nine Inch haʻilula o ka hui kona hakakino kaumaha ua hikiwawe nānā 'Via papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papa, no ka mea, ua nui ua hōʻike no kēlā me kēia mau ukana a me kona like ordinal helu. He nui iho la ia e imi i ka huina o ka hakakino paona o na eiiiiiaiou a pau o ka pilina.

E like me ke Avogadro ka kānāwai, ma ka hookahi dala o ke kinoea iloko o ka hookahi helu o hakakino (particles). Ma nānaina o ia lauana Mendeleev-Clapeyron helu kaulike i loko. Hakakino nuipa o ke kinoea hiki e hooponoponoia ia mea, hoʻohana 'ana i ka haʻilula. No ka ho 'oe e pono ai, e ike i ka hailona no nā hoailona - ke kaupaonaʻana o ka waiwai, me ka ao kinoea a eia i, ka wela i loko o Kelvin, a me ka puʻe ma Pascals a me ka buke i loko o ka m ^3. Aie a hiki i keia i ka helu o kaʻikepili ka wahaheʻe i loko o ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ka palena iki, akā, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka helu kaulike o Mendeleev-Clapeyron i pololei ia gaseous waiwai wale no.

Ke hakakino kaupaona ana o yiaeaiiacaaeneiie i huiʻia hiki ke nānā 'ia e nuipa a spectrometry a kinoea chromatography hoʻohana kinoea paona Martin. Ka awelike waiwai o kēia 'inideka no polymeric mea me ke kiʻekiʻe polymerization ka papahelu Ua pōpilikia ma muli o kā lākou mau rheological' ano a me ka waiwai o ko lākou kākoʻo pāʻoihana (e laʻa me, (viscosity), a me ka malamalama hoopuehu hiki).

E hooholo i hakakino kaumaha?

Ka laulā waiwai o keia mea ua hoʻohana 'ia e kuhikuhi i ka kela Nine Inch i huiʻia me ke kuhikuhi i kanaka nucleotides i loko o ka hoʻokolohua waiwai. Ma waho o ka Nine Inch anakahi ua pinepine nānā 'ia e kaʻimi loa i ka lewa a me ka hoʻololi kemikala o macromolecular i huiʻia,ʻo ia ka waiwai hilinai ma keia aiao.