He aha ka ke kāna mau 'ōlelo o ke kālaimeaola? 'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka nucleus

Ma na aeea ola i ka hailona o biochemical reactions a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana. E ka pāʻana iā lākou, e like me ka hooponopono i na mea he nui e pōʻino aʻe e pono kū 'ole. He aha ka ke kāna mau 'ōlelo o ke kālaimeaola? Hiki ia i ka pono Makuakane me keia hana?

He aha ka ke kāna mau 'ōlelo o ke kālaimeaola. ka wehewehena

Na kāna mau 'ōlelo - i ka pono' ole o kekahi kino keena. He aha ka ka Kora naʻEsau? Ma kālaimeaola, ia mea he nui ke keʻena o nā meaola. Ke Kernel hiki ke loaʻa i loko o unicellular protozoa, a me ka hoomaikai hoʻolālā poeikohoia o ka eukaryotic honua. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o keia 'ole - ka papaa a me ka EYI o aaiaoe' ike, i meaʻaneʻi, a kakauiaʻi maluna.

Ma hope o fertilization o ka ovum ma ka sperm ia lŘlŘ kuʻi nukeliu o elua haploid nuclei. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻi pū o ka gametes zygote ua hana, i ka 'ōlelo o ka i mua i ke diploid' ia paha o nā chromosomes. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka karyotype (aaiaoe' ike o ka nucleus) kekahi mau manawa kope o nā'ōewe a me ka makuahine, a me ka makuakane.

Diploid nucleus mea i loaʻa i loko o aneane pau eukaryotic keena. Haploid nucleus i ole wale na gametes, akā, i nui kona mau lala o ka simplest meaola. Kēia nā kekahi hookahi-aa? Parasites, ka līoho, unicellular noa-ola 'ano apau loa. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka hapanui o kēia mau elele i ka haploid nucleus ma ka kekahi kahua o ke ola kalapona wale.

haku mele 'ana nucleus

He aha ka ka Kora naʻEsau hiʻona? Kālaimeaola pono këia i ka haku mele 'ana o ka nukelea mea, i mea. To, Ua hiki haawi impetus i ke kūpono' ana o nā aaiaoe?,? Aneii a me hakakino kālaimeaola.

Kora - ia dvumembrannaya 'ole. Nā membranes i ka palena manawa no ka endoplasmic reticulum, i mea e pono ai ka amo ana o waiwai, mai na keena hana. Kahi o ka nucleus kapaia ka nucleoplasm.

Chromatin - i ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai nucleoplasm. Haku mele 'ana chromatin e lauwili: ma laila i kuhikuhi nukelea nāʻakika (DNA a me RNA), e like me ka pōmaikaʻi me nā polokina, a he nui metala Ion. DNA aia i loko o ka nucleoplasm kauoha i loko o ka chromosome. Ua chromosomes i mahele maalahi loa, ma hope a kela mea keia mea o ko puhi ia o ka mea hoʻololi i ka kaikamahine keena.

RNA i loko o ka nucleoplasm mea loa e like me ka mauʻano o mRNA a me rRNA. Elele RNA hua mai la i EKOLU - heluhelu 'ikepili mai ka DNA. A ribonucleicʻakika lātoma hope koe ka nucleus a me ka lawelawe 'ana a laila e like me UAAIIeIA no ka ho okumu ana hou nā polokina.

Ribosomal RNA ua hanaʻia i loko o nā hale kūikawā kapa nucleoli. Ke nucleolus Ua kūkulu mai i ka hopena haʻawina o chromosomes, i hanaʻia e nā haumāna constrictions. Kēia 'ole hiki ke' ike i loko o ka malamalama microscope me ke kahi ma luna o ka'opihia Kora naʻEsau. Ribosomal RNA a i synthesized 'aneʻi i komo i ka cytoplasm, a nui nā polokina hana pu me ka ribosome.

Direct hopena ma luna o ka hana o ka hoomaopopo ana i ka nucleus. Kālaimeaola like me ka 'epekema këia i ka waiwai o ka chromatin no ka naauao maikaʻi o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka Ekolu a me ke kelepona hele mahele.

Kernel hana. Liluwelo keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka nucleus

Ka mea mua a me ka loa nui hana o ka nucleus o ka papaa a me ka EYI o aaiaoe 'ike. Kora - ka hanana 'ole o ka halepaahao, oa ka mea loaʻa i ka nui loa o kanaka nā'ōewe ... Karyotype i e haploid, diploid, triploid, a no laila, ma luna o. Ploidy ino hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hana o ka halepaahao: haploid gametes a somatic diploid keena. Ke keena o ka endosperm triploid angiosperms, a, ma hope, ka mea nuiʻano likeʻole o ka mahi ulu i polyploid 'ia paha o nā chromosomes.

Aoaao o aaiaoe 'ike i loko o ka cytoplasm mai ka nucleus ia lŘlŘ i ke kahua o mRNA. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka Ekolu o na nā'ōewe o ka karyotype ua heluhelu, a me ka ho'ōla synthesized'ōpū mai nā lātoma aʻelele RNA.

i hoikeia aku ai e ka mahele ana i ke kelepona hele mitosis, meiosis a amitosis nā kūpuna mai. Ma kēlā me kēia hihia, na Kernel hanaʻia he maopopo kuleana pili i. No ka laʻana, ma ka prophase o mitosis kāna mau 'ōlelo iwi luku a me kaʻelemakule kompaktizirovannye chromosomes hāʻule i loko o ka cytoplasm. Naʻe meiosis mua hoʻokō 'ole' ia lŘlŘ i loko o kaʻili lahilahi nucleus crossover o chromosomes. A me kāna mau 'ōlelo amitosis collapses a make, aʻo ia me ka mea uuku na makana no ka fission kaʻina.

Eia hou, i ka 'ōlelo kahiko o ka'āina komo i loko o ka amo ana o waiwai, mai na keena aie i ka pololei pilina o kaʻili lahilahi me XPS. A i ka 'ōlelo o ke kālaimeaola.

palapala kāna mau 'ōlelo

Ke Kora naʻEsau, kona 'ole a me ka hana e hilinaʻi ma ka kinona o kaʻili lahilahi. Nukelea pa alima hiki e puni, elongated, i loko o ka palapala o ka vanes, a no laila, ma luna o. D. pinepine nucleus palapala ho'ākāka i kanaka nā'aʻaʻa a me nā keena. ,? A? Meaola oko ma keʻano o kaʻai, ola kalapona, a ma ka mea ia manawa, he okoa, a hana i ka nucleiʻili lahilahi.

Ke ano ma ka shape a me ka nui o ka nucleus hiki ke ike i loko o ke kumu hoohalike o leukocytes.

• neutrophil nucleus hiki ke Hoʻohana a me ka 'ole-Hoʻohana. Ma ka hihia mua a mākou e'ōlelo aku o ka horseshoe-hoʻokino nucleus, a me keia palapala i ano o'ōpiopio keena. Ka Hoʻohana kāna mau 'ōlelo - o ka hopena o ke kahua o ka lau i pohā i loko o kaʻili lahilahi, kūpono ana ma kekahi mau apana e pili pu.
• Ma ka 'ōlelo o nā eosinophils ia mai he ano kinona o ka dumbbell. Ma keia hihia, no ka Kora naʻEsau mokuna ua haku o Hoʻohana mau pili paku.
• Kokoke i ka buke holoʻokoʻa ku ma lymphocytes nui kāna mau 'ōlelo. Wale i ka hapa uuku wale no o ka cytoplasm koe ma ka periphery o ka halepaahao.
• Ke glandular keena o nā mea kolo kāna mau 'ōlelo e i kekahi lala pono' ole.

Ka helu o nā nuclei i loko o hoʻokahi aeea e e kekahi mau

'Aʻole mau i loko o ka halepaahao o ke kino, he mea wale nō hoʻokahi kāna mau' ōlelo. I kekahi manawa ia mea pono i ke alo o ka elua a oi nukelea manao maalea, e hana mau oihana ka poʻe. Conversely, kekahi keena hiki loa hana me ka Kora naʻEsau. Eia kekahi laʻana o ka hana keena ma a na nuclei o ka oi ma mua o kekahi paha o pau kahi e.

1. Red koko keena a me platelets. Mau koko aeee i kaʻi aku hemoglobin a me ka fibrinogen, kekahi me kekahi. No kekahi aeea hiki ke komo i ka i kā mākou ka nui o ka waiwai, ka mea, ua lilo kona Kora naʻEsau. Wehewehe aku e ia i ka hiʻona,ʻaʻole hoa a pau o ka holoholona honua: na rana ma ke koko e erythrocytes nunui ma ka nui a me ka 'ōlelo ikaika. Kēia hōʻike mai kēia primitive papa like like me ka hou holomua taxa.

2. nā hepatocytes o ke akepaʻa. Mau keena ke komo nā Kora naʻEsau. Kekahi o ia regulates koko ua holoiʻia o nā toxins, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe mea kuleana no ka ho okumu ana o heme, i a laila e kekahi o hemoglobin, e.

3. Myocytes striated skeletal'aʻaʻa. Multicore Muscle keena. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka mea, 'Imi hele ATP hoʻololi kemikala a me ka hālāwai hope, e like me ke anaina kanaka o nā polokina.

Pakahi aku la ia nukelea lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka simplest

No ka laʻana, e noonoo mau ke ano o na protozoa: amoebae a me ciliates.

1. ciliates slipper. Kēia 'elele unicellular meaola i mau nuclei: ka vegetative a me ka generative. T. To, Ua oko i loko o nā hiʻona a me ka nui, ua kapaia nukelea dualism keia hiʻona.

Vegetative nucleus mea kuleana no ka kela la ke kelepona hele ha awina. Ua regulates na keʻano o ka hanaʻana o kona pūnao. Generative nucleus Ua hoʻomau ana ma ka halepaahao mahele a me ka conjugation - ka moe kaʻina hana ma a he mea ka e loaa hou mai no aaiaoe 'ike a me ke kanaka o ka mea hookahi? Ueo.

2. Amoebas. Bright lunamakaainana - me ka hi koko a me ka intestinal amoeba. Ka mua pili i keʻano pākīkē kanaka parasites, a me ka lua o ka - na mau symbiont, e noho ana i loko o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, a malama ole i kekahi ia ia ka poino. T. ke k. Me ka hi koko amoeba parasite i loko o ka gut, hoi, ia mea nui e maopopo ma waena o kēia mau 'ano a pau. No keia mea, nukelea i hoʻomākaukauʻia hiʻona: ma dysenteric ameba hiki e mai i ka 4 nuclei, a ma ka intestinal amoeba mai ka 0 a 8.

maʻi

aaiaoe maʻi he nui i pili i ka haunaele ma ka huapalapala o chromosomes. Eia mea he papa inoa o na abnormalities loa koʻikoʻi i loko o ka aaiaoe kāna mau 'ōlelo mokuna:

• Down ka maʻi pale;
• siddrom Patau;
• Edwards maʻi pale ;
• Klinefelter ka maʻi pale;
• Turner ka maʻi pale.

Ka papa hele ana a me kēlā me kēia o ka mai wehewehe aku ma ka paʻa o ke kaʻina helu o chromosomes. Kekahi mau maʻi pinepine lakou aloha ia ke keka chromosomes X a me Y.

ka hopena

Ke nucleus Radio nui i kūlana ma ke kaʻina hana o ka halepaahao hope. Ua regulates ka biochemical keʻano o ka hanaʻana, o ka waihona o aaiaoe 'ike. Amo ana o waiwai, mai na keena, hoʻololi kemikala o nā polokina i kekahi me ka functioning o ke kikowaena aeea 'ole pili. A i ka 'ōlelo o ke kālaimeaola.