He aha ke kumu

ʻO wai ka mea, aole ia i ike i ka mea a ke kāhea? 'O kēia kekahi o na mea mua, a me Radio loiraʻalo ma hope heluhelu i ka papa kuhikuhiE uila no hehee wale e like me resistors, capacitors, transistors.

No laila he aha ke kumu?

Ma ka ho'ākāka, he mea kēia me nā pūnaewele pa'a. 'O ke'ano'oi loa,'a'ole pili i ka electronic electronics,'o ia ke kī. Loa'a iā ia'elua mau moku kūlana - ma luna a ma waho. No kahi ho'onā, e kani kēia mau kīpili - ma kahi kūlana (a) a i'ole ka ha'alele'ana. Ma ke kau ho'okahi,'o ka voluma ma ka puka'ana o ka pā hina he emi iho ka li'ili'i ma mua o ka volter supply, ma ka ho'onohonoho hou, ua emi ka voltage. No laila kona inoa e hele mai,'o ia. 'O ka mea i kahi ho'okahi. I ka unuhi Pelekānia,'o ke kumu ke kahakai.

'O ka mea ma'alahi ka ho'omehana honua i nā transistors. Pono ia i'elua transistors, kekahi mau papa hana a me nā pale. 'O ka ho'ohana mua'ana o ke kumuhana e ho'ohana'ia ia me ke kī.

Pono'oe e hana i kahi hana ma'alahi - e kaomi i ke pihi a laila e ho'oku'u. No laila, ho'omaopopo mau'ia kēia hana e ke kumu. Ke ho'okau'ia ka pihi, ua ho'onoho'ia i kahi kūlana ho'okahi, a laila ua ho'omaopopo ka mea pono e hana i ke'ano i ho'onoho'ia e ke pihi pihi. No ka ha'alele i kēia ala, e kaomi i kekahi pihi'ē a'e, a laila e ho'onā hou'ia ke kumu, a e ho'onoho'ia kahi'ano hana hou.

Eia na'e,'o nā mea a pau i luna'a'ole he pane piha i ka nīnau o ka hopena. 'O kēia wale nō kahi o nā mea hiki ke ho'ohana'ia.

Aia kekahi mau kumu like'ole, aia nō he papa kūikawā o nā'eneke i ho'ohui'ia a me nā māmā me nā'āina ho'ona'auao.

Kūkulu'ia nā'ano like'ole o nā mea kelepona,'ano like'ole i nā māhele circuitry a me nā mana.

He lawa kēia no ka ha'i'ana i nā mea like me D-, RS-, JK-hopena, ho'ohuihui, likeynchronous, ho'okahi-papa,'elua papa, helu helu. 'O kēia mau koho he mau māmā o nā polokalamu kelepona. Ho'ohana'ia lākou i ka hana'ana i nā'ano hana like'ole, mai ka memori'ana i ka moku o ke pihi (paomi a'ole) i ke komo'ana i ka hana hō'ailona.

No laila, i ka nīnau o ka hopena, hiki iā'oe ke loa'a nā pane like'ole:

He helu ho'omana'o o nā'ōnaehana ki'i, kahi pūnaewele ho'omana'o pūnaewele;

He kumu ma'alahi kēia i ka hana'ana i kahi hō'ailona hō'ailona;

'O ke kumuhana o ka'enekini kaomika.

Eia na'e,'o nā mea a pau i helu'ia i kēia manawa,'a'ole e uhi i ka hiki ke ho'ohana i ke kumuhana. No laila, hiki ke ho'ohana'ia ma nā pāhana electromechanical ai'ole ma nā pūnaewele mana. Hiki iā'oe ke ho'ohana i ke kumu ho'oholo i nā mana mana.

Loa'a iā ia ka noi a'a'ole wale ka mana'o o kahi mea lola i nā transistors, akā,'o ka mana'o ho'i e ho'ohana i ka kulekele o ka laka'ana, ke'ano o ka hana'ana i kekahi hana i ka wā e puka ai kekahi hanana. Ho'ohana pinepine'ia kēia i ka ho'olālā'ana. A ma nā kumu'ē a'e he nui, ua ho'okō'ia kekahi'ano. He kulekele kūpono loa kēia ma hope o ka hopena o ka hopena mahope iho o ka ho'ohui'ana i nā kūlana i'ōlelo'ia.

No laila, he pane pane'ole i ka nīnau o ke kumu o ka hopena, hiki'ole ke loa'a. Maanei he mea pono e ho'omaopopo i ka mana'o o kēia hua'ōlelo.

Inā he huahana'ele'ele kēia a i'ole kekahi mea o ka circuitry digital, a laila o ka pane he ho'okahi.

Inā pili ka hua'ōlelo "trigger" i ka kulekele o ka noi e pili ana i ka ho'ohana'ana i ka mana'o o ka laikini, e ho'onohonoho i ka ho'omaka o kahi hanana, laila hiki ke ho'ololi i nā wahi e ho'okumu'ia ai kēia kulekele, mai ka ho'olālā'ana i nā wahi'ē a'e o ka hana kanaka.