He aha mea he lālā o galaxies?

I ka mea i loaʻa i nā galaxies, astronomers ike i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia. I loko nō o ka mea i ka mua o ka hamama galaxies i ike mua i kaʻepekema, ma mua ka mea, i kapaʻia nebulae, wahi ia i ko kakou Wiliau Hōkū - ka nō hoʻi. hilahila epekema i kēia mau nebulae i ia i hookaawale hoku nenoai. Eia naʻe, e like me ke kuhiakau mea i tenable, mai ka 'epekema ao nei. Pela ka mea i hanaia ma muli i ka hemahema o ka 'ike loea hou no kilo.

ka like o galaxies

I ka 1922, astronomer Ernst Estonia moʻolelo ke ho omaulia i ka He kokekau wale mamao e hoʻokaʻawale i ka poe lń mai ka Andromeda nebula. Ka 'ikepili i ua he astronomer, i 0,6, mai nā kiʻi i loaʻa i nā kānakaʻepekema manawa - a me keia mea e oi pololei i ka ho omaulia ma mua ia o Hubble. Edvin Habbl ia ia iho i ka makahiki 1924 i ka loa, alahula ana ka telescope. Kona anawaena ua 254 knm. Hubble i i e ho omaulia i ka mamao Andromeda. Ano,ʻepekema i hou pololeiʻikepili, i mea ekolu manawa emi ia e Hubble - akā nō, ua nui kēia mamao i ka nebula hiki ole ia i kekahi hapa o ko mākou Wiliau Hōkū. No ka mea, Andromeda o ka mua Wiliau Hōkū hookaawale ai.

he mau huhui o galaxies

Like me ka hoku, galaxies kuahene pūʻulu o loli iki ikaika. Ma keia hihia, he waiwai hōʻike lākou nui loa ma mua o ka hoku. Ka hapa nui o na hoku i ka hoʻomāhuahua o nā māhele ole, ho okumu i kekahi hapa o ka mea mau ke kahua o ko mākou Wiliau Hōkū. Group o galaxies, i ka loaʻa o ke nō hoʻi (kūloko Wiliau Hōkū) he 40 galaxies. Oia ka Hoʻohui 'ia ka loa, he pono ole i loko o ka nui ke ao holoʻokoʻa.

Group o galaxies mea i loaʻa no ka mālamaʻana

A kekahi hapa o ka lālā o galaxies kapaia "Metagalaxy" - ka mea, hiki ke malama ma ka Astronomical ki ina hana like. Ma Metagalaxy haku mele 'ana kikowaena ma kahi o hoʻokahi piliona galaxies, i kilo i loaʻa ma ka mea o telescopes. Na nō hoʻi i kekahi o ka stellar nenoaiu, i ka hapa o ka Metagalaxy. Mākou Wiliau Hōkū, a hiki ma kahi o 1.5 kakini galaxies i hapa galactic pae i kapaia kūloko pae o galaxies.

Manawa, e makaikai i Metagalaxy Ikeaʻano nui i loko o ka hopena o iwakalua kenekulia. Astronomers i loaʻa i loko o intergalactic makahiki ke aupuni 'waho, a electromagnetic a pāhawewe, kanaka hoku a me intergalactic kinoea. Mahalo i ka 'epekema E hana' ia i hiki ke noiʻi i nāʻano o nā galaxies - quasars, Hoʻi Hou galaxies.

mall Metagalaxy

I kekahi manawa astronomers makemake e kāhea Metagalaxy "Nui ke ao holoʻokoʻa". Me ka hou o ka 'ike loea hou a me ka telescopes mea loaʻa no ka kilo loa a pau o ka mea. Astronomers manaʻo i ka nō hoʻi, a me ka ae, 10-15 galaxies mau lala o ka Wiliau Hōkū huhui waina a lākou. Ma Metagalaxy loa, he pono ole galactic huhui waina a lākou, i ka nui o ka i mea mai ka 10 a hiki i kekahi mau kakini lālā. Oia pūʻulu i aneane distinguishable ma astronomers ma nui mamao. Ke kumu o ia ka dwarf galaxies mea i loaʻa no kilo, a me ka gigantic i loko o kēia mau pūʻulu, e like me ka rula, wale he mau.

Mamuli o ke kauoha Einstein ka pähola 'ana o relativity, nui nā paʻi hua ke lena i ka makahiki a puni ona. No laila, i ke kulana o Euclidean anahonua i loko o keia makahiki e i halawai. Wale nō ma ka nui me ka unahiʻole Metagalaxy ke ike i ka oko ao ma waena o ka 'epekema hoʻokokoke mai elua - Newtonian mechanics a me Einstein. Ma Metagalaxy kekahi hana ka ai-kapa ula naeaeaa kānāwai. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i nā mea a pau e noho ana a puni mākou galaxies e neʻe ana ma kekahiʻaoʻao. A me ka mamao ka mea, i ka weheʻana, ka mea i oi aku o kā lākou māmā.

Kind o galaxies palapala

Galactic huhui hiki ke hele liilii, a i ka spherical shape. Lākou haku mele 'ana e like me kēia ōlaʻi i ole hoi na tausani o galaxies. Ka hoʻopuniʻana i kā mākou Wiliau Hōkū aia i loko o ka huihui Virgo, a wehe i ka loihi o 10 miliona parsecs. Paʻi hua o galaxies, i kapaʻia ka pono e loaʻa he spherical shape. Lākou constituent galaxies kamaʻilioʻana, e ke kia ma ka hookahi wahi - i ka piko o ka Wiliau Hōkū huhui waina a lākou. Valid huiwaina mua i ke kiʻekiʻe nuʻa o galaxies, akā, ma kā lākou konu kīnā i ka i kā mākou lehulehu. Eia naʻe, he mea ma na nā hoʻohui like'ākau, a me ka oko ao hoikeiaʻano nui i loko o kā lākou nuʻa a me kekahi mau helu o ko lākou mau lālā galaxies.

Galaxies a me ka mea nui nuʻa

No ka laʻana, he pae o galaxies Coma nui helu o okoa eiiiiiaiou, a me galaxies, he hapa o ka Pegasus - nuʻa. He oi loa kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kikowaena wahi o Pegasus. Aia nuʻa 2 tausani. Galaxies ma 1 cubic Mpc ihoiho. Nearby galaxies aneane hoopa aku kekahi i kekahi, a me kā lākou nuʻa mea aneane 40 tausani manawa ma luna ma mua o ka pa apŘ i loko o ka Metagalaxy. Ua Ua hoi wehewehe aku ma ka pa apŘ kiʻekiʻe o nā pūʻulu o galaxies Northern Crown.

Hea i na galaxies hana?

Oiaiʻepekema hiki ole haawi aku i mau pane i kēia mea. Naʻe,, ua piha i ka Big Ekahi kumumanaʻo ke kakahiaka nui ke ao holoʻokoʻa me ka hydrogen a me ka helium. Mai keia ao polohiwa ma lalo o ka aoao o ka pouli mea (a, a laila, i ka gravitational koa) hoomaka ae la e hana i ka hoku mua a me ka hoku huhui.

A hiki i ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa i hele mua hoku?

E like me kekahi astronomers, ka hoku ikea loa kakahiaka nui - ma hope o 30 miliona makahiki ma hope o ka Big Ekahi .. 'Ē aʻe i hoomaopopoia i keia huahelu o 100 miliona. Nam. Haʻawina ka hoʻohanaʻenehana hōʻike i ka malamalama, i hanaʻia i ka mea ia manawa he mau apana - pinepine keia helu hiki a hiki i ka haneri. Kēia i kōkua ai i nā e gravitational koa i alakaʻi ai i ke kinoea hoopiha i ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Kinoea ao swirled i iwi kuamoʻo, a me ka mea, i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana i ka wepa, a laila lilo ka hoku. Ma ka'ōpio ke ao holoʻokoʻa ka mua hoku i mihi gigantic huliāmahi - no ka mea, i ka puu o ka "hale ālai '".

Ka nui loa huiwaina o galaxies, loaa ma astronomers, i kapaʻia SPT-Cl J0546-5345. Kona nuipa mea kokoke like me ke kaumaha o ka 800 trillion E ka la. Ike kanaka nunui Wiliau Hōkū, ua hiki ke hoʻohana i ka Astronomical Sunyaev-Zeldovich hookoiaʻepekema - ia ke moe ia ma ka mea i hawewe pāhawewe ka mahana kulu ka wā e hana me ka nunui ukana ma ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. He huhui waina a lākou e waiho ma kahi o 7 ieeeea?. Lightyears. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, astronomers malama ia no ka mea ka mea, ua 7 ieeeea makahiki aku nei -. A o keia mea ma ka 6,7 ieeeea makahiki ma hope o ka Big Ekahi ..

Ma na ino i mamao o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ike i kekahi lālā o galaxies, ho okumu i ka noho kaʻawaleʻana pokole'ōnaehana - KANAWAI-Cl J0102-4915. He nui pūʻulu o galaxies, astronomers ua inoa kapakapa El Gordo, i unuhi mai Spanishʻano "momona." Kona mamao mai ka Honua - 9,7 ieeeea? Malamalama-makahiki .. Ka nuipa o keia poe aku i ka hū o ka (Kaonohiokala) galaxies i loko o 3 miliona ieeeea?.

Coma

Coma huiwaina - o kekahi o ka loa hoihoi 'hui o ka galactic Metagalaxy. Ua oia no kekahi mau tausani o galaxies. Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'he mau haneri miliona malamalama-makahiki mai ka nō hoʻi. Ka hapanui o galaxies i elliptical. Coma Berenices mea i okoa ao alohilohi i hoku - i Alpha-kapaia tiaras uuku. Ma keia huihui hiki ke ike faintly luminous huiwaina "Coma" hoku, i unuhi 'ia mai he Roma ia hoʻi, "lauoho." Makamua Greek nä känaka 'epekema Eratosthenes kapaʻia kēia lālā o "Ariadne ka Hair". Ua pili no hoi Ptolemy i ka haku mele 'ana o kona hoku huiwaina Leo.

Kekahi o ka loa nani huihui o galaxies - NGC 4565, a me ka "Igla". Ma ka ili o ko mākou Honua Ua hiki mai ka iwi aoao. Ua? Aniiei? I loko o 30 miliona. Light-makahiki, mai ka lā. A Wiliau Hōkū anawaena o ka oi aku 100 tausani. Light makahiki. I Coma ma laila nō nā interacting galaxies - NGC 4676, paha, e like me ka mea i kapaʻia kēia pae "ʻiole". Ka mea, i wehe 'ia mai ka honua i ka mamao o 300 miliona. Lightyears. Haʻawina Ua hoike ia i kekahi manawa i hala mau galaxies ma kekahi i kekahi. ʻepekema paipai i ka "ʻiole" e e 'alo hou ma mua, hoʻokahi houʻana, i nā lā a pau,ʻaʻole e huli i loko o ka Wiliau Hōkū.