Kāpili dominance - ka hopena o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o alleles o kekahi'ōewe

Kāpili dominance - he kūikawāʻano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN'ōewe allele, kahi o ka nawaliwali recessive kāna moʻolelo i ole e loa uhi pū Hoʻohaku. I kulike ai me na kanawai, e wehe ae Mendel, Hoʻohaku loa suppresses ka hōʻike o ka recessive. Ke kanaka noiʻi aʻo haʻi contrasting kāna moʻolelo i mea kanu me ka hōʻike o kekahi Hoʻohaku a recessive allele. Ma kekahi mau hihia, Mendelʻalo me ka ole o ke kānāwai, akā, i i wehewehe ia.

A hou ano o ka hooilina

I kekahi manawa, e like me ka hopena o ka holo mamo loaa ka palapala hoailona, a i ole haawi aku i loko o ka homozygous ano o ka makua'ōewe. i kāpili dominance i loko o ka mea manaʻo nakeke o aaiaoe? i ke kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia, ia lakou i rediscovered Mendel mau kānāwai. A laila, lawe mai he nui maoli ka noiʻi aaiaoe ho okolohua me kaʻai a me ka holoholona mea (kamako, legumes, hamsters,ʻiole, hua nahu).

Ma hope o cytological e hooiaio ai i ka 1902, Walter Sutton Mendelian kumu hoohalike o ke EYI kumu a me AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me nā hōʻailona, hoomaka ae la e wehewehe i ke kulana o ka hana ana o na chromosomes i loko o ka halepaahao.

Ma ka la 1902 Cermak Correns ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hihia wā, ma hope e holo mea kanu me ka keʻokeʻo a me kaʻulaʻula corolla i loko o ke kama, he pua o ka a pink kala like' ole - kāpili dominance. Kēia 'ia o nā hybrids (genotype Aa) ano i ka waena pili i homozygous Hoʻohaku (AA) a me ka recessive (Aa) phenotypes. A like ole, ua, ua ho'ākāka 'ia no ka nui laha' o ka flowering mea kanu: snapdragons, he huakineto, nani ka po, strawberries.

Kāpili dominance - he kumu no ka loli ana o nā'ūhū hana?

Keʻano papa hana o ka helehelena o ke kolu oʻano o ka hiʻona hiki ke wehewehe mai i ke kulana o ka ha awina o nā'ūhū i nā nā polokina ma ke 'ano a me nā'ōewe ho oholo i ka kumuʻiʻo' ole. I ka mea kanu me ka homozygous Hoʻohaku genotype (AA) nā'ūhū makemake e lawa, a me ka nui o ka pigment, e like loa me ka uku no ka intensively hookohu i ka halepaahao SAP.

Homozygotes me recessive alleles (Aa) pigment hoʻololi kemikala pepe whisk koe uncolored. Ma ka hihia o ka waena heterozygous genotype (Aa), he Hoʻohaku'ōewe nō i hāʻawi mai i kekahi dala o ke'ūhū kuleana no ka pigmentation, akā,ʻaʻole lawa no ka aahu paʻa kūhohonu loa waihoʻoluʻu. Ua huli i ke ano o ka "hapalua."

Hoailona ili ma waena type

Oia kāpili'āina hoʻoili pūʻolo pono ma ka ee iaaanu aey olelo o symptoms:

1. Ka waihoʻoluʻu pinepine '. William Bateson, i kela kapaʻeleʻele, a keʻokeʻo HEN Andalusian ole e Kamakawiwo Ole me ka hulu kala. Ma ka wehewehena o ka kanaka maka iris waihoʻoluʻu iwi mea i noho kailaʻano papa hana.
2. Ke degere o ka oolea o symptoms. kanaka lauoho ua i paa i kāpili hooilina kāna moʻolelo. Genotype AA haawi curly lauoho, Aa - pololei, a me ka poʻe me nā alleles i wavy lauoho.
3. Ke ana pū nā hoailona. palaoa pepeiao lōʻihi ua ili ma luna o ke kumu o ke kāpili dominance.

Ma ka F2 hanauna phenotypes helu coincides me ka helu o nā genotypes i characterizes kāpili dominance. Hōʻike kea, e hooholo i ka hybrids e ole e pono ai, no ka mea, ka mea nanaʻokoʻa mai ka Hoʻohaku maemae laina.

Cleavage ma kela aoao o na hoailona

Piha, a kāpili dominance e like'ōewe AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ia lŘlŘ i kulike ai me ka makemakika kānāwai o Mendel. Ma ka hihia mua, o ka lākiō o ka F2 phenotypes (3: 1) 'aʻole i coincide me ka lākiō o ka mamo genotypes (1: 2: 1) i phenotypically pu ana o ka AA, a Aa allelesʻikeʻia i ka ia. A laila, kāpili dominance - i ÷ ń i loko o F2 huliāmahi o kekahi mau genotypes a me phenotypes (1: 2: 1).

I'ōhelo papa 'ia nā pōpō au ili i ka makahiki ma ke kumu o ke kāpili dominance. Inā e kapa i ka mea kanu me kaʻulaʻula hua (AA) a me ka mea kanu me ka keʻokeʻo hua - genotype AA, i ka hanauna mua o nā mea kanu a pau i loaa mai, e lawe i ka hua me ke ano a pink (Aa).

i hele Hybrids mai F1, F2 i loko o ka lua o ka hanauna mamo loaa i pili i coincides me ia genotype: 1AA + + 2Aa 1AA. 25% o nā mea kanu o ka lua o ka hanauna, e hoʻolako i ka 'ulaʻula a me ka uncolored hua, 50% o nā mea kanu - a pink.

A like kumu e e malama i na hanauna elua ma ka holo maemae laina me ka nani pua po corolla he poni, a me ka keʻokeʻo waihoʻoluʻu.

Hiʻona o ka'āina hoʻoili i loko o ka hihia o ka ka palaho nā'ōewe

Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka lākiō o phenotypes o ka ohana a mea paakiki e hooholo pehea nā'ōewe launa pū '. Ma ka lua o ka hanauna e kāpili dominance splitting mea oko a mai ka manao 1: 2: 1 a me 3: 1 - i piha. Kēia ka hana i ka wā i Hoʻohaku a recessive kāna moʻolelo i loko o ka homozygous moku'āina i hāʻawi mai i ka phenotype i mea ole hana maʻalahi me ke ola (lethal nā'ōewe).

Ma astrakhan hipa oho waihoʻoluʻu keiki hipa i mea homozygous no ka mea Hoʻohaku alleleʻano, make aie i ka mea i keia genotype mea he 'aʻe' ana o ka'ōpū.

Ma kānaka, he laʻana o ka palaho Hoʻohaku ano o ka'ōewe - brachydactyly (korotkopalost). Symptom ia akulla 'ana ma loko o ka hihia o ka heterozygous genotype, oiai ka Hoʻohaku homozygotes make ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka nui o fetal? Acaeoey.

Paha e lethal recessive alleles. Pahikakiwi aeea anaemia ke kumu, ma ka hihia o nā recessive alleles i loko o ka genotype, e hana erythrocytes loli. Koko aeee hiki ole ka pono e pili oxygen, a me ka 95% o nā keiki i kēia anomaly e pepehiʻia o oxygen pololi. Ma heterozygotes ka Hoʻololi 'ano o kaʻulaʻula koko aeee ua i loli i ka ia i ka loa ma ka viability.

Cleavage i loko o ke alo o na hoailona o ka lethal nā'ōewe

Ma ka hanauna mua, ka wā i kela kapa AA m Aa make e ole ana, no ka mea, i nā mamo a pau e i ka AA genotype. E haawi examples o na hoailona o ka splitting no ka lua o ka hanauna hihia lethal nā'ōewe:

He nui no ka maopopo i ka mea like me ia i ka wa a laua i umu ahi e kāpili dominance, a me ka hope o ka uhi hapa hiʻona kupu mai ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o'ōewe huahana.