He aha mea he pulsar: ka ho'ākāka 'ana,' ano a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Pulsars i loaa ma ka ulia i loko o ka hapalua like 60-ies o XX kenekulia. Kēia hana i na loina me ka Radio telescopes, i i mua ke hoʻololi e makaikai i likeʻole kumu i loko o ka shimmering hohonu o unexplored hakahaka. He aha nō kēia mau makahiki he mea?

I ka loaʻa o nā pulsars Beritania noiʻi

A pae o nā kānakaʻepekema - Dzhoslin Bell, Entoni Hyuis a me kekahi poe e ae - hana noiʻi ma Kamepelika University. e loaa mau lāʻau ikiʻai wale maʻanuʻu o 0,3 kek.., A me kā lākou alapine (frequency) i 81,5 MHz. A laila, astronomers i ole i manao e pili ana i nā mea o ka pulsar ma ka ike maopopo a me ka mea o kona ano. Ka mua keia mea a lakou i kekahi - ia Aloha kupaianaha loaʻa ka mea, i ke alapine (frequency) o "memo". Ma hope o ka mea mau flicker ana i ka chaotic pololei i loko. Pela hoi, aole i waena o kānakaʻepekema i ua? Aaei ua mau ÷ ailona i hoike o ka ho'āʻo e hiki mai i ka manaʻo kanaka o ka extraterrestrial noho maikai ana. o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia ailona hana iki uliuli kanaka ( "wahi uliuli kanaka") - LGM inoa i hoʻolauna i ka hoʻokohu' ia ia. Noiʻi hoomaka ae la e hana i ka ho'āʻo nui e decipher i ka pohihihi "karaima mai", a me keia o Laielohelohe hookiekieia hoʻomalu-code-nalu mai a puni ka honua. Eia naʻe, kā lākou mau ho'āʻo i lanakila.

Over ka mea e hiki mai ana ekolu makahiki, astronomers i 3 like kumu i loaʻa. A laila, ua hoʻomaopopo epekema i keia pulsar. Heʻikeʻia i loko o kekahi kēia lākiō o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i pili i ka extraterrestrial maikai ana. Ua i laila i pulsars a loaʻa kona inoa. No kā lākou loaʻa o ke nä känaka 'epekema Entoni Hyuish i i hookoia ka Nobel makana i loko o ke kālaikūlohea.

He aha e neutron hoku?

Akā, mamua o ka mea i ka puka ana o keia i hiki mai ai i ka lōʻihi manawa kahiko, he nui nō nō pili i ka pane ana i ka ninau "He aha ka ke pulsar." Kēia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea,ʻaʻole mea hiki ke kaena ana i loko o kona mau kula a me kulanui kilohōkū ao mai la ia ma waena o nā kulanui. Ka pane ana i ka ninau: pulsar - he neutron hoku, a ua hanaʻia ma hope o ka outbreak o ka supernova. A no laila, i ka haohao o ke kūpaʻa ma ka manawa o ka pulsation hiki e hoopuni wehewehe - i ke kumu o ia mea i ke kumupaʻa o kuapo o ka neutron hoku.

Ma kilohōkū, e koho pulsars huahelu-eha ka helu. A me ka mea mua elua huahelu hōʻike i ka inoa o ka huahelu, a me ka mea e hiki mai ana elua - minuke, i ua hanaia pono pii ana momentum. A mamua huahelu i kau ia mau palapala, a ua encoded ma na wahi hamama. I ka mua o ka loaʻa a pau o pulsars i kapaia CP 1919 ( 'ole "Kamepelika Pulsar').

quasars

He aha nā pulsars a me quasars? Mākou he paena mua mai kii i pulsars ua ikaika Radio kumu nona ka pāhawewe ua kiaʻana i kāna i loko o nā lāʻau ikiʻai wale kanaka o ka kekahi alapine (frequency). Quasars nō kekahi i waena o ka loa hana hoihoi mea i loko o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ka mea, e hoi loa ao alohilohi i -ʻoi i loko o ka mana o ka ikaika pono o ka pāhawewe o galaxies mea e like ai i ka nō hoʻi. Quasars i loaa e astronomers like me nā mea me ka kiʻekiʻe redshift. E like me kekahi mahaloia kumumanaʻo, quasars - galaxies ma keia kakahiaka kahua o ka? Acaeoey, i loko i loaʻa mea he supermassiveʻeleʻele puka.

Pulsar, ka brightest i loko o ka moʻolelo o

Kekahi o ka loa kaulana o kēia mau mea i loko o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa mea he pulsar i loko o ka pāpaʻi Nebula. Ua loaʻa hōʻike i ka pulsar - keia mea kekahi o ka loa kupaianaha mea i loko o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa.

I ka Naita o ka neutron hoku i loko o ka pāpaʻi Nebula he ua no ka mana i ka mea hiki ole i pono i loko o ka kēia kumumanaʻo o ka astrophysics. I ka 1054 BC. e ka. i loko o ke aouli mai, A hou hoku, i keia la ua kapaia SN 1054. ka Naita me ka mea i malama a hiki i loko o ke ao, a i hooiaio ia ma Kina, a ¶ʻO'Arabaʻoihana aliʻi. He hana hoihoi i i ole ike Europe i ka Naita me - laila ke kaiāulu kanaka, i ai hoʻokemuʻia i loko o na hana ma waena o ka Pope, a me kona legate, Cardinal Humber mea ole ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao o ia manawa i ole palapala i ka Naita me ia i loko o kana mau hana. A mau kenekulia ma hope, ua loaʻa i ka hou nebula ma ke kahua o ka Naita me ia, ma hope Pani 'ōlelo' o ka pāpaʻi. Kona discoverer, William Parsons, no kekahi kumu ka mea, hoʻomanaʻo kona ano pāpaʻi.

A pulsar PSR B0531 + 21 i mua loaa i ka makahiki 1968, a me ka mea o ka pulsar ua mua o nā mea a pau, i ua hōʻike 'ia me na koena o ka supernovaʻepekema. Ke kumu o ka pulsation, ina i hoʻoponopono i ka nui ikaika mea i ka hoku, a no laila,-kapaia haumāna wai koko i ua hanaʻia i loko o kaʻume mākenēki kula kaʻapuni ana me ka hoku breakneck māmā. Ke alapine (frequency) o kuapo o ka pulsar o ka pāpaʻi nebula He 30 mau manawa no kekona.

Ke Kaka, a 'aʻole i pono i loko o ka? Aieao o kēia theories

Akā, i kēia pulsar mea kahaha ko oukou naau, aole wale no kona'ālohilohi a me ka alapine (frequency). Nei ka mea i loaʻa i PSR B0531 + 21 kī ana radioactive kukuna ma ka laulā e aku i ka hoailona o ka 100 ieeeea? Volts. Kēia helu mea he miliona manawa oi aku ma mua o ka pāhawewe, a ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o' inikua ipu, a me ia mea pa umi aku ko luna ma mua o ka waiwai i ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma loko o ka kēia kumumanaʻo o ka gamma kukuna. Martin Schroeder, American astronomer, wahi a ka mea i kēia ala: "Inā mau wale nō makahiki aku nei, e noi i kekahi mea o ka astrophysics, o keia ano keia ano hiki ke 'akomi i paha o ka pāhawewe oe e loaa ka unambiguous" ole ". Kēia kumumanaʻo, a hiki mālama mākou hamama mea wale hakuʻole. "

He aha nā pulsars a pehea ka mea i hana: he mea pohihihi o ke kilohōkū

Mahalo i ka noiʻi o ka pāpaʻi Nebula pulsar, kńnaka i ka manaʻo e pili ana i keʻano o kēia mau pohihihi pokole mea. Ano oe e hiki aku a emi maopopo manaʻo o ka mea i ka pulsar. Lākou helehelena ua wehewehe ia e ka mea i ke kahua hope loa o kona evolution, kekahi hoku explode a pele i ka nunui fireworks 'ia - he mea he hanau o ka supernova. Mai maʻamau hoku ka mea, e kaulana ma ka waihonaʻike auaiaea. Anna i loko o mākou Wiliau Hōkū he mea ma kahi o 100 mau outbreaks o ka makahiki. Pono i kekahi mau lā maoli ka luminosity o ka supernova i loko o kekahi mau miliona manawa.

Ole, koe nae, a pau o ka nebula a me pulsarsʻikeʻia ma ka wahi o ka supernova Naita me ia. Eia naʻe, mālama pulsars hiki ole a pau residues o kēia 'ano o ke ano lani kahi. Ka mea e ole i hookahuli ai kilohōkū ipo - ma hope o ka pulsar hiki wale ke malama i ka hanana i ka mea, ua aia ma ka kekahi huina o ke kuapo. Eia hou kekahi, ma muli o kā lākou i ano pulsars "ola" hou ma mua o ka nebula i loko i ka mea i hana. Epekema nō hiki ole ho onoho ana i nā kumu i e i kahi ikaika o ka Radio hawewe kapa, a seemingly lōʻihi-make hoku lilo. I loko nō o ka nui o hypotheses, ke pane i keia ninau, astronomers i, e hāʻawi aku i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Pulsars me ka shortest wā o ke kuapo

Paha, ka poe e haohao ana i ka mea a ka pulsar, a me ka mea mau i ka mea hou lono, mai na astrophysics o kēia mau lani mea, a me ia nō e hana hoihoi ', e ike i ka huina helu o ka hamama lā o ia hoku. I kēia manawa,ʻepekema i oi aku mamua o 1300 pulsars. Eia hoʻi, he nunui nui - ma kahi o 90% - o kēia mau hoku pulsate ma ka laulā, mai 0,1 a hiki i 1 kekona. Aia nō i pulsars me ka manawa o ke ahiahi emi - ka mea, i kapaʻia millisecond. Kekahi o ia i loaʻa ma ka astronomers ma 1982 ma ka huihui Vulpecula. I loko o kona kuapo ua wale 0,00155 kekona. Kiʻikuhi e hoohalike ai o ka pulsar ka loaʻa o ke kuapo iho (axis), kaʻume mākenēki kahua a me ka Radio ale.

Oia pōkole kuapo paha o pulsars, a mālama ihola iā like me ka papa kuhikuhi hoʻopaʻapaʻa i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka mea mahuʻi ana ma ko lakou ano ka mea, e kaʻapuni neutron hoku (pulsars mea synonymous me ka hopuna'ōlelo "neutron hoku"). Ma hope o lani kino me ka rotational wā e e loa anuanu. Haʻawina o kēia mau mea ua nō e hele ana ma luna o. Ma luna o ke aʻo 'ana i ka neutron pulsars, kńnaka iʻaʻole hoʻi i kāpiliʻia i mua ike kūʻiʻo. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, na hoku i mihi kupaianaha - i ko lakou ola ke e hiki ma lalo o ke ana ana i ka centrifugal koa e ku ae no na aie i ka kuapo mea emi mai o ka gravitational koa i paa ai i ka waiwai o ka pulsar wale.

Kekahi mau 'ano o ka neutron hoku

Hope ka mea i loaʻa i pulsars me MS au o ka kuapo mea i na keiki, ma ka mea ku ole, i waena o ka mea kahiko. A pulsars i loko o kēia mau mea hoʻoponopono i ka nawaliwali hoonohoʻume mākenēki kihapai.

Aia mea no hoi kekahi ano o ka neutron hoku, kapa X-Ray pulsars. Mau mea ano lani kahi e hoʻokuʻu akula X-kukuna. Ka mea, i pili i ka waeʻano o neutron hoku. Eia naʻe, pulsars a me ka hoku i hoʻokuʻu akula X-kukuna, hana okoa, a i waiwai. No ka mea manawa mua i kēia 'ano o ka pulsar iʻike i loko o ka makahiki 1972 ma ka huihui o Hercules.

Keʻano o nā pulsars

A hiki aku i ka noiʻi wale ua hoʻomaka e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina mea pulsars, hoʻoholo ka mea, ua neutron hoku i ka ia ano a me ka pa apŘ like me ka nuclei o nā'ātoma. Ua pili kēia hopena no ka mea, a pau pulsars typical paakiki pāhawewe - like no ia, i accompanies a me nukelea reactions. Eia naʻe, hou hoʻomaulia aeia astronomers e e kekahi olelo. ʻAno o ka makahiki mea "pulsar" - he lani kino i mea e like me ka kanaka nunui Honua ma ka (ole kapaia "welaʻula hoku").