He aha nō keʻano o nā uila aʻa lolo? Ano a me nā uila aʻa lolo

Kuʻihao mea he kaʻina hana no ka hana loea pili 'o Randy ma ka paio hahana maoli nō i ke kapa māhele i ka mahele heheʻe i ka mahana. MMA - ka loa he ākea o kona ano. Kēia iaoia He nui hoʻomāhuahua ai, versatile, technologically na mea a me ka ole ma ka home.

Ke ae pā o ka RDS

Nā kihi o ka hui māhele heheʻe aie i ka wela kuu ma ka ionized (particles) kahe ma waena o ka cathode a me ka anode, - he pila nui piʻo. Ionisation ia lŘlŘ aie i ke alo o ka papa, a pōkole kaapuni ma waena o nā mau auamo me ka ikaika a ee iaaanu aey ano.

A hoʻopololeiʻia ana e ho okumu ana a me ka piʻo mea'ūholo uila - he mea hiki ke hooheheeia koʻokoʻo paha 'ole-mea hao kumu. Hana i hanaʻia nō ia me he hookahi a mau mākia a me ka hiki, e hana hou piʻo ma waena o ia (i ka ekolu-pae piʻo kuʻihao). Ke ionized huina'ine kahe hoʻopuniʻia ma ka ohu o ka mea paahana a me konaʻaoʻao pale mahele heheʻe i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia wahi e e hui, i ka hopena o kā lākou hana kūleʻa me ka lewa. Ano o nā uila aʻa lolo no kuʻihao e hooponoponoia ia mea, e lawe i loko no nā 'ano a pau hoʻomaopop' ana i loko o ka ua mea.

Mea Maluna o ka manufacturing mau kookoo ma ka mea

Ma kona kāna mau 'ōlelo, nā mea a pau i ke kuʻihao mea paahana no RDS, ua māheleʻia i loko o ka heheʻe a me ka' ole-consumable.

• Maule:'ōlinolino hana i ka hao, kila, Aluminum, keleawe (ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka metala i welded). Ke koʻokoʻo hana cathode a anode, a me kekahi lawelawe 'ana me ka filler mea no ka hoopiha ana i ka weld puddle a me ka ulana ho okumu.
• Neplavjashchimsja: kalapona ua mau laau la, i ka graphite, o ka tungsten; hana wale iniiaiie ho'āʻo; aiiieieoaeuii hoʻohana filler metala uea; Tungsten Pono ka wā TIG kuʻihao.

Mawaena o ka mua pūʻulu o nā uila aʻa lolo ua kaʻawale ka papa kuhikuhi ano:

• Uncoated. Kēiaʻano o ka mea hana, 'aʻole hoʻohana' ia no ka RDS.
• Uhi. Conformal ka penaʻana ua hoʻohana 'ia e malama i piʻo kumupaʻa, i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia malu, mai ke ahi mai ka aoao o ke kinoea,, mahuahua ka ÿano ano o ka weld ma maoli doping (hui' hauneneʻe alloying oihana mua a hiki i ka weld auau hookolokolo).

E hoʻohana i e like me keʻano o ka hana

Ano o nā uila aʻa lolo no manuale piʻo kuʻihao, i haiia ae maluna, i kanaka noi ke kaumaha ma muli o ka iaoiaeii hana.

Kalapona nā uila aʻa lolo wehe - iniiaiie kuʻihao hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, a no N. N. Benardosu ma lalo o ka godu 1882 - e ia i loko o kēia manawa. Hiʻona: DC, pololei polarity, nā lako o ka filler uea, eii? Piʻo, ke koʻokoʻo lohi puhi, carbonization ia lŘlŘ. Ka hoʻohana a nana e hoole polarity piʻo 'ano a me ka ho'ēmi i kā ulana (ia carburized).

Ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā uila aʻa lolo - ka hahai ana i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole mea i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kuʻihao enehana, a no N. G. Slavyanovu (1888). Pu me ia originated prototypes o kēia kuʻihao machines. Kuʻihao kookoo Via meltable loaʻa lehulehu palapala noi ma ka hana, a loaaʻeleu? Acaeoey. I ka lā, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o manuale piʻo,' akomi a me kalaka nui-akomi (Submerged piʻo) kuʻihao.

Tungsten'ūholo uila, aie i ka mea kiʻekiʻe mahele heheʻe i ka mahana 3422˚S hoʻohana like infusible ma lalo o argon kuʻihao. Penei, na kuʻihao loea halawai i ka ho'ākāka 'ano o nā uila aʻa lolo.

Hoi o ka makana ma ka manawa i oleloia ai

Maui - keia mea i ke ano e hiki ai i kaʻana like na mea a pau iʻikeʻia nā uila aʻa lolo. Ano a me ka palapala noi mau koʻokoʻo denoted ma ka hookahi palapala (GOST 9466-75):

• mall kila, me haʻahaʻa-oka a me ka ikaika o ka 60 kgf / mm o ² (600 MPa) i loko o ka peni i hoʻokohu 'ia e ka palapala "Y" - o carbon;
• oka a constructional steels me ka ikaika o 600 MPa - «L»;
• kiʻekiʻe-oka a mall steels - "B";
• wela hoʻopale oka a kila - "T";
• oka a me ka kūikawā waiwai, a e wehewehe aku surfacing - "H".

I ka manawa i oleloia ai ua hōʻike ma ka nui momoku ahi.

ke koʻokoʻo o ka penaʻana

Aʻano o ka haku mele 'ana a me ka molekumu o ka paleʻana i hoʻohana' ia ma kēia hihia no keʻano o ka mea. ʻO kēia mau 'ano o ka'ūholo uila ka paleʻana:

• ʻawaʻawa "A". Iloko kalapona ferromanganese a me ka ferrosilicon. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia no nā moʻopuna a DC. Wehewehe aku ma ka kiʻekiʻe mahele heheʻe i ka holo 'awelika. Maikaʻi hoʻohana no ka lalo nakaka.
• Rutile "P". Pihaʻi me rutile (titanium'okikene lua), carbonates, aluminosilicates, ferromanganese, waterglass. Kuʻihao na nakaka o kekahi kahua, a me nā 'ano o ka pololei a me ka pololeiʻikena. E like me ka hopena o ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi Nine Inch reactions, he aiiay slag i ua ālai 'burnout hehee wale. Good kona mea e like welds, haʻahaʻa kaʻawahia.
• Kelulose "C". Haku o ka kelulose, manganese i eliia, talc, rutile, kalapona ferromanganese. Ano he aiiay kinoea a puni ka piʻo a me ka weld wai puna. No ka mea, a pau na nakaka; High ka mämä holo o ka hana; maikai e like ai; E ole e ae i ka overheating; kaumaha ka pōʻino ma luna oʻawa. Hoʻohana 'ia no ka paʻa loulou na ohe.

• Key "B". E like me ka hapa o carbonates a me kalipuna fluoride. I ka ho okumu ana o ka aiiay i carbon dioxide ma muli o ka naoh o carbonates me arcing ka oxygen. He kupono e hana i ka hana ma lalo o kekahi mau pono me ka polarity i loko o ka aʻe kuhikuhi. Ma kuʻihao DEBFULLNAME loaa haʻahaʻa a i ulana, 'ike loea hou no ka hoʻoikaika' ana i kona me mechanical ano.
• Other "P". No alloying hehee wale. Ka mea e like ai o ka weld ua hoʻokāʻoi 'ma ka i hoʻolaunaʻia ma loko o ka mea, i kekahi dala o ke alloying oihana mua o consumable'ūholo uila.
• Special. No waterglass me resinous waiwai. Mālama iā ia mai ona mau. Hoʻohana 'ia no ka papa anuʻu loa kai kuʻihao.

I Kekahi Mau mea nō a pau uhiʻia nā uila aʻa lolo. I ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano o ka penaʻana mea rutile no i kona versatility. Ka paleʻana hana aiiay hana ma ka deoxidizing oka a pau a hiki i ka wai ÿauÿau i hoʻoheheʻeʻia, ka hoʻokuʻi hou ka alloying hehee wale, i ke kahua o ka Halo o aiiay kinoea a slag. Kēia hookaaokoa ae mai o ka emi weld ka pono ma mua o ka mea palena wahi, e hōʻoia 'ho okumu ana i ka pono-e like ai welds.

Hana 'Ōlelo koi i hoʻokumuʻia e GOST 9466-75

• ʻO nā uila aʻa lolo Pono e i ka kbps mea.
• ʻO ka penaʻana E e kōna, a i ole nui mā (Ke aeia'ku nei ia ola ana o Nick liilii, a me na mawae ole blisters a me porosity).
• High mechanical e ia'ku i accidental ciia.
• ʻano o nā uila aʻa lolo uniformly i hoʻoheheʻeʻia ka penaʻana pono popopo me ka ho okumu i haoʻa islets ole eʻawa ma ke ana 'ano.
• Ke kumu pono i kekahi mea e like ai weld ho okumu:ʻaʻohe mawae, ili, kūloko loa weld mea hiki ke hooheheeia.
• Ka naauao i waeʻia ma ka e like me nā mea a pau i ka mea e pono ai kiko'î a me ka 'ike loea hou kaʻaeʻana - i ke ki i ka ho okumu ana o ka ike loea paa pilina.

Koho o ke kookoo ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui

Novice welder maikaʻi aʻe ikeia ke ano o nā uila aʻa lolo, ua nānā 'ia e ka nui. Ke anawaena o ka paahana ma i ka hana e, e hanaʻia ua koho ma ka ikaika e like me ka workpiece kona mānoanoa. He ua i hoʻopā'āluaʻia, e like me ka maopopo hōʻike i loko o ka lepili kila. Ka lōʻihi o ka'ūholo uila ua i paa e like me kona anawaena. He nui no i ka manao o ka lōʻihi o ka wehe hope o ka uncoated mea paahana.

Ka mānoanoa o ka hoomakaukau maka, mm o	'ūholo uila anawaena, b, mm o	'ūholo uila lōʻihi, mm o	Ka lōʻihi o ka wehe hope wehe, mm o
2	2	200-250	20
3 i ka 5	3-4	300-450	25
6 i ka 8	4-5	350-450	25
9 a hiki i 12	5-6	350-450	30
13 i ka 15	6-7	450	30

No ka hale kuʻihao loa mau hoʻohana 'ano o nā uila aʻa lolo no ka piʻo kuʻihao me ke anawaena o ka 2-4 mm o. Manoanoa lāʻau kī, he pono keia mau mea i loko o ka hoʻoponopono pōʻeleʻele loa a me ka manufacturing.

ka penaʻana mānoanoa

Ua i kona inoa iho i loko o ka omaka mea paahana. Ua ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma kona lākiō kaʻi lau waiwai D (mm) o ke kookoo no ka mānoanoa D (mm). Maheleia i 4 pūʻulu:

• lahilahi "M" (lākiō i 1.2);
• awelike "C" (ololi i ka waiwai ma waena o 1,2 a me 1.45);
• manoanoa "D" (lākiō - i loko o 1,45-1,8);
• pakahi aku la ia manoanoa "D" (i ka waiwai o ke kaʻi lau waiwai o 1,8).

Ma ka hopena o ke keiki,ʻaʻole wale nō ano o ka paleʻana e manual piʻo kuʻihao nā uila aʻa lolo, akā, i ka mānoanoa o ka ka penaʻana, ahu iho, a me ka lāʻau nui like 'ole. Kupono koho o ka'ūholo uila nui e hoʻolako i ka maikai māmā holo, a me kona mea e like mea kiko'î o ka piʻo i hanaʻia ma ka pilina.

Koho mau koʻokoʻo ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka hui a me kona māhele kulana

Na nakaka i kekahi mau Mea Maluna:

• Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana o ka papa koa: ka pūhaka, frontal, kēlā, hope.
• I kulike ai me ke kulana o ka welded māhele: abutting, kihi, pāʻani kolepa, vnakladku hui.
• Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka loaʻa nui o ka bevel kaʻe: Bevel i bevel.
• I kulike ai me ka oihana i loko o ka lewa: no ka lalo, luna, papamoe, vertical.

Ka wae e loli ai ka māhele kulana o ka ulana. Konaʻano ua hōʻike ma ka omaka koʻokoʻo.

• 1 - no ka kuʻihao i loko o nā mea a pau kulana;
• 2 - loa pili wale i ka vertical na nakaka, mai luna a lalo;
• 3 - no ka lalo ami, ana papamoe, y me vertical plane vertical mai ka lalo mai;
• 4 - No ka lalo nakaka.

ʻano ulana pili māhele wahi ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka wa a ka hoʻoholo 'ʻikena nā loina.

Ke ole o ka uila piʻo kiko'î a ma ke koho ana o kuʻihao mea paahana

Kuʻihao i e lawe mai ma lalo o ka pololei a me ka pololeiʻikena, pololei ( "hua"'ūholo uila, "eia" ma ka huina hoonui) a nana e hoole polarity. Ka wae hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka weldedʻia a me kona waiwai. ʻikena palapala me ka nānā 'ana i ka mana kumu.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE? Ieaoa hoʻomakaʻia a me (a) hoʻololi 'ʻikena i ke hoʻohana: transformers a me oscillators (haʻahaʻa kokuaia anakahi uila i ka mea e pono ai nā loina) converters a me rectifiers (hoohuliia mai alternating ka papa kuhikuhi pono i loko o ka pololeiʻikena kuʻihao kaʻina).

Nā mea kiko'î a koi 'ia no ka piʻo mea hō'ā kaʻa, i me ka nui loa okoa mai ka poe i hiki ke Hahai I i kona ola. Ke anakahi uila koi 'ia no ka kokololio ho okumu ana o ka piʻo, i kapaʻia ka hamama-huakai kaapuni anakahi uila. E noonoo oe i ka voltages e pono no i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa o ka piʻo, a no ka malama i kona'ā.

View au i	Open kaapuni anakahi uila, V	Anakahi uila e malama i ka piʻo ma
ee iaaanu aey	50-80	20-30
paʻa '	45-50	16-25

Ano o ka kuʻihao nā uila aʻa lolo ÿokoÿa ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mea ulana pukapuka, a 'ano denoted e nui mai 0 a hiki i 9:

• 0 - a eia i kala pono o ke alo polarity wale no;
• 1-9 - no kekahi paialewa;
• 1, 4, 7 - kekahi polarity;
• 2, 5, 8 - laina;
• 3, 6, 9 - e hoole;
• 1-3 - hamama kaapuni anakahi uila o 50 V;
• 4-6 - 70 V;
• 7-9 - 90 V.

Koho loli i nā hiʻona o ka 'ike loea hou a me ka mea e like ai ano o na ami. Ke'ī mai, ka mea shortest hohonu provarivaniya hoʻolako hana me ka mea ulana pukapuka, ee iaaanu aey kiko'î. Hoʻohana 'ia no ka unpretentious mea a me na mea manao. I ka kuʻihao piʻo me ka mau 'ano a me ka aʻe polarity hohonu o ka weld wai puna, a me ka ÿano waiwai o ka weld i loaa 50% ma luna ma mua o ke ahiahi me ka pololei polarity. Hoʻohana 'ia no ka intractable mea a me ka noho pilikia nā hale.

Definition o amperage

I ka piʻo kuʻihao mea he manualeʻano hiki e okoa - mai ka 30 a hiki i 600 A. Anahonua, o ka makemake waiwai mea e kaukaʻi ma ke anawaena o ka hana'ūholo uila a me ka ulana 'ano me ka pili ana i ka māhele wahi. Ua he pōpilikia like penei:

• No ka mea lalo nakaka: I = D * ho.
• No ka mea luna - I = ke k * n * 0,8.
• Papamoe - I = ke k * n * 0,85.
• No ka vertical na nakaka - I = ke k * n * 0,9.

kahi I -ʻikena pinepine ', A;

D - anawaena, mm o;

ke Kalapu - ke kaʻi lau waiwai A / mm o.

Ke kaʻi lau waiwai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke anawaena o ka koʻokoʻo:

• 'ūholo uila 1-2 mm o - K = 25-30 A / mm o;
• 3-4 mm o - K = 30-45 A / mm o;
• 5-6 mm o - K = 45-60 A / mm o.

E hoohaunaele ana i ka hana ana i ka lalau wale, hōʻeleu i kuʻihao kaʻina. Ke exaggeration o ka pono imua Hawaiʻi ke alakai i overheating na kihi, excessive burnup eiiiiiaiou, ilihune weld mea e like ai.

omaka

I mea e noonoo i na nuances nui kumu omaka maʻamau hoʻohālike i kulike ai me ka GOST 9466-75 a me 9467-75 (E42A-UONI-13 / 45-3,0 DMPA) / (E432 (5) -B10).

• Brand: SSSI-13/45.
• Type: E42A -'ūholo uila RDS hoʻolako i ka weld ikaika o 420 MPa mahuahua ductility (A).
• 3.0 - 3 mm o ke anawaena.
• U - no ka kuʻihao kalapona kila a me ka haʻahaʻa-oka a kanu'ōiwi.
• D - mānoanoa ka penaʻana.
• E432 (5) - nā loina, a i hoʻopā'āluaʻia a me nā hui 'ano weld mea hiki ke hooheheeia.
• 43 - tensile ikaika o ka ole e emi malalo o 430 MPa;
• 2 - elongation mea ole e emi malalo o 24%;
• 5 - kuʻihao mea hiki i mahana mai -40˚S; oiai e hoomaopopo ana i ka palena iki allowable cia o ka toughness o ka metala 34 J / knm ^2.
• B - kumu kapa.
• 1 - ka māhele kulana o ka ulana: kekahi.
• 0 - kuʻihao piʻo wale nō me ka mau 'ano a me ka pololei polarity.

Ke hoʻohana i nāʻano a me nā lama o kuʻihao mea paahana

Na mea a pau kūkā ma luna hai aku oi i ka lepili ana o nā uila aʻa lolo no ka kila RDS. Nui examples o ua mau laau la ia i kekahiʻano o ferrous a me ka nonferrous ke hooheheeia. Aia ma lalo nō kā lākou mau loa, he pono ole ano.

i haawi Kind o nā uila aʻa lolo, e like me ka hoʻoholo ma mua weld metala, a typical ÿano ano o ka weld.

Kalapona haʻahaʻa-oka a kila kookoo welded hoailona ia mea:

• E42: momoku ahi Ano-6, ELN-17, WCC-4M.
• E42: SSSI-13/45, SSSI-13 / 45A.
• E46: Ano-4, ELN-34, Tau-6.
• E46A: SSSI-13 / 55K, Ano-8.
• E50: WCC-4A, 550-U.
• E50A: Ano-27 Ano-TM, KAL-4C.
• E55: SSSI-13 / 55U.
• E60: Ano-TM60, SSSI-13/65.

Oka a kiʻekiʻe-ikaika kila:

• E70: 1-ANP, ANP-2.
• E85: SSSI-13/85, SSSI-13 / 85U.
• E100: HE-HN7, OZSH-1.

High oka a steels: E125: HI-3M, E150: NIAT-3.

Surfacing metala: OZN-400M / 15G4S, EN-60M / E-70H3SMT, OZN-6 / 90H4G2S3R, UONI-13 / H1-BC / E-09H31N8AM2, CN-6M / E-08H17N8S6G, OZSH-8 / 11H31N11GSM3YUF.

Me ka hao: OZCH-2 / cu, OZCH-3 / Ni, OZCH-4 / Ni.

Aluminum a me kona oka a: OAD-1 / Al, Ozan-1 / Al.

Ke keleawe a me kona oka a: Anz / AUR-2 / cu, EHS-2M / CuSn.

Nikala a me kona oka a RLA-32.

Mai ka luna papa ia hiki e manao ia ka omaka nenoaiu ka loa huikau, pela ka nānā 'ana i'ōlelo koʻikoʻi akulaʻo ia me nā loina encrypting ano o ke kookoo, kona ka penaʻana, anawaena, imua o ka alloying hehee wale.

Ka mea e like ai o ka weld ke ami hoi hilinaʻi nui ma luna o efficient flowsheet. Ma ka ano o ka'ūholo uila i waeʻia, ka mea i kēia kumumea:

• Weldable mea a me kona waiwai, i ke alo o ka alloying hehee wale, a me ka degere o ka alloying.
• mānoanoa o ka huahana.
• Keʻano a me kaʻoihana o ka ulana.
• I hoakaka ia i huiia paha ÿole mechanical waiwai o weld metala.

Novice welder nui e hoʻokele i ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ka i waeʻia, a omaka mea paahana no kuʻihao kila, e like me ka hana i ka puunaue ana o lama i kookoo ma ka hana, e ike i ke kumu oʻano o nā uila aʻa lolo a me ka maiau pili ia ma kuʻihao.