Holography - ia ... Ka manaʻo, rula, noi

Holographic kiʻi o kēia lā ua increasingly i hoʻohana. Kekahi i manaoio i ka mea hiki e puku i ka ike 'ano o ka' ōlelo no manawa. Like ia paha ole, akā, e ka mea, ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o nā hana. No ka laʻana, a pau no mākou i nā holographic nā pepili. A hailona o Manufacturers ka hoʻohana 'ana iā lākou e like me ka mea o ka palekana i ka hoʻopunipuni. Ka Hawaii photo ma lalo hōʻike kekahi holographic nā pepili. Kā lākou palapala noi - he nui ka hoʻokō ala o ka mālama waiwai a me nā palapala i ka hoʻopunipuni.

I ka moolelo o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o holography

Ekolu-dimensional kiʻi loaa like me ka hopena o ka refraction, e noiʻi i kŘpa nei, hoomaka ae la. Eia naʻe, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka ola o ka moolelo o kona mahele. Dennis Gabor, Pelekāne nä känaka 'epekema, mua hōʻike' ia ma 1948, ia mea holography. Kēia loaʻa i mea nui loa, akā, i kona nui waiwai i ka manawa ua i ka nohoaliʻi. Hana i loko o ka 1950s, ua waiho wale aku no noiʻi, mai ka nele mai o ka malamalama kahi me ka coherence - he mea pono no ka hooulu ana o ka holography. Ke kukuna mua i ua hanaʻia i loko o ka makahiki 1960. Me keia mea e mea hiki ke loaa ia lakou ka malamalama ka lawa coherence. Juris Upatnieks a immet Leith, ua hoʻohana 'ia US kānakaʻepekema, e hana i ka hologram mua. Me kā lākou kōkua ka mea, loaa ekolu-dimensional nā kiʻi o nā mea.

Ma mahope makahiki, i ka study hoʻomau. Haneri o ka noiʻi pepa i hookolokolo aku la ia i ka manaʻo o ka holography, ua mai ua paʻi, a paʻiʻia nui na buke ma keia hana. Eia naʻe, e kakau i kēia mau hana i ka 'Oihana a me ka ole i ka mau mea heluhelu. Ma kēia 'atikala e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i na mea a pau ho'āmana' ōlelo.

He aha ka holography

Oe ke kaumaha i ka kēia ho'ākāka 'ana: holography - Ua loaa mai ia e ke kukuna volumetric Hawaii photo. Naʻe, i kēia ho'ākāka 'ana mea ole loa kupono, e like me ka mea, he nui no hoi na ano o ka ekolu-dimensional kiʻi. Naʻe, ka mea Hōʻike 'ka loa nui: holography - he oaoieei-iaoia e leie aku ai i "mooolelo" i keʻano o kekahi mea; ka mea, hiki ke kōkua loaa i ka ekolu-dimensional kiʻi e ku pono e like me ka maoli mea; i ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā kukuna i Uaʻano nui no kona ulu ana.

Holography a me kona noi

holography like kōkua möakäka hou na mea he nui o nā nīnūnē pili iʻike mau For. E like me ke olonā nō ekolu-dimensional kiʻi hiki iʻaʻa aku i ka hope, no ka mea, e leie aku oe e noonoo i ke ao hou pololei a me ka pololei.

Epekema i kekahi manawa hoʻokuʻu akula au i loko o ka moʻolelo o ke kanaka ma ka mea o ka palapala, i iʻikeʻia i loko o kekahi mau kenekulia. Oe ke olelo aku, no ka laʻana, o na ana ma hieroglyphics kahiko o Aigupita, o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole i ka 1450 o ka pai paʻi. I e pili ana me ka nānāʻana aku i kēia manawa kaʻanoʻenehana E hana 'ia, hou' ano o ka 'ōlelo, e like me TV a me ka kelepona, noho i ka Hoʻohaku kūlana. ʻOiai ka holographic rula mea nō i loko o kona wā kamaliʻi ka wā e hele mai ai i kona hoʻohana 'ana i ka Media, he mea pono i ka manaʻo i ka mea ma muli o ka mea e e hiki, e puku i ka ike' ano o ka 'ōlelo i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ana i ka laulā o ko lākou mau palapala noi.

ʻEpekema fiction moʻokalaleo a me ka hanohano hooikaika pinepine i kākauʻia i loko o holography ka, nānaina ka malamalama hewa. Ka mea, pinepine hana i ka hewa ka manaʻo e pili ana i keia hana. Ekolu-dimensional kiʻi, ike no ka manawa mua, kupaianaha. Akā,ʻaʻohe emi kilakila o ka physical hoakaka o ka loina hooponopono ana o kona manao.

Ke 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu

Ka hiki e ike i mea e ma muli o ka mea e e refracted mālamalama nalu e paha lewa mai o ia mau mea, komo i loko o ko kākou mau maka. Lewa i ka malamalama mai ka mea wehewehe aku ma ka palapala nalu o ke alo o ka nalu e like me ke kinona o ka mea. Picture o nā hahau pouli a me ka malamalama (a me ka laina) e kāinoa mau pūʻulu o ka manaʻo aukahi malamalama ale i ālai ia 'aʻe. Kēiaʻano a he buke holography. Keʻikepili holehole mai ai i loko o kēlā me kēia hihia hoʻohui pū i kekahi hui malu pu ana i hilinaʻi nui wale ma ke kinona o ka wavefronts ale i pāʻani aku i kekahi i kekahi. Oia kekahi kiʻi ua kapaia 'ākeʻakeʻa. Ua hiki ke paa, no kekahi laʻana, ma ke kiʻi papa, ina e waiho ia i loko o ka wahi ma kahi o ka nalu 'ākeʻakeʻa.

Keʻano o nā holograms

Na Huaolelo apono 'oe i ka palapala (aaeno) lewa mai ka nalu alo e hoopii mai ai, a laila, e hoʻihoʻi ia ai e ka Mea Nānā haha aku i ka mea ike mai i ka oiaio mea, a me ka mea holography. Keia kanawai, i mea ku pono i ka mea i ka ekolu-dimensional kiʻi ua loaa i ka mea ia e like me ka mea maoli mea.

Ua nui nāʻano o nā holograms, i mea oluolu e kiʻi pioloke. I mea e hooholo ia ai ia ano, e ke hoʻopau eha a elima haʻiʻano. Mai a pau kā lākou e puhi ia, wale ke kumu o papa i hoʻohana laekahi holography mākou noonoo. Eia naʻe, 'oe mua pono e kamailio i kona wahi e pili ana kŰia i kēia nalu o ka diffraction. I ka mea e leie aku iā mākou i ka manao (a he oiaio, ua i? Aeiino?) I ka wavefront.

diffraction

Inā he mea i loko o ke ala o ka malamalama, oia i mahiki aku i ka malu. Light huakai hele a puni ka mea, e hele mai ana kekahi kumu i loko o ka malu māhele 'āina. Keia kanawai ua kapaia diffraction. He mea ku pono i ke ano nalu o ka malamalama, aka, e hoomaopopo ia mea nō paʻakikī i ka pololei.

Wale nō i loko o ka uuku loa huina o ka malamalama komo i loko o ke aka māhele 'āina, no laila mākou aneane e i nana ole ia. Eia naʻe, ina he mea kekahi iiiaanoaa o liʻiliʻi nā pilikia, o ka mamao ma waena o i hoolilo wale i kekahi mau lōʻihi o ka malamalama nalu ma kona aoao, ua hookoia i hala loa kekahi '.

Inā i ka haule ana o ka wavefront e kau mai ma luna o ka nui hookahi keʻakeʻa nei, "haule" i ka pili hapa o ka mea, i aʻole e pili mai ka koe wahi o ka wavefront. Inā he mea kekahi ou wahi lihi iki o kaʻuʻuku nā pilikia i loko o kona alanui, e hoʻololi i ka hopena o ka diffraction ala e kŰlń ao ma o aku o keʻakeʻa nei malamalama, e i ka qualitatively okoa ka nalu mua.

Ka hou 'mea, no ka ikaika i hiki malamalama hoʻomaka e hohola iho la i loko o ka' ē aʻe kuhikuhi. Ua huli mai i ka diffraction e leie aku mākou, e hoohuli i ka palapala wavefront i loko o ka loa okoa mai ia. Penei, diffraction - keʻano papa hana ana a mākou i loaʻa ai i ka hou wavefront. Ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna ma ka ho okumu ia, haawiia keia i like me ka diffraction papa manamana pukapuka. Mākou, e haʻi hou aku no ia.

diffraction manamana

Kēia mea he uuku una me ka waihoia maluna lahilahi laua pololei hahau ana (laina). Ka mea, i kaulike hookaawale ma ka-haneri paha hoi he thousandth o ka millimeter. He aha ka hana ina ke kukuna laau nui ma kona ala me ka maka aha i he o ka helu IAaOIePIUAa pouli, a ao alohilohi i ka poe hao wale o ka? Kona kuleana e 'ana kekahi, ma ka mea manamana, a me ka hapa - hoʻohei. Pela i hana mau hou kaola a OAAIeOO ka papa manamana ma ka kekahi huina i ka palapala mea nana i ulana, a ua aia ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o ka mea. Inā kekahi i kekahi kukuna mea nana i ulana, no kekahi laʻana, he pelane wavefront, ke mau hana ma ka aoao o ka mea hou i ulana, e hoi ia i ke planar wavefronts. Penei, ma ka hele ana o ka diffraction manamana kukuna mea nana i ulana, ke hana mau hou nalu fronts (palahalaha). Apparently, ka diffraction manamana hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka simplest laʻana o ka hologram like.

hologram E hoʻokāinoa

Familiarity me ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ka holography E hoʻomaka me ke ao ana i na fronts pelane nalu elua. Interacting, hana ka mea, he 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu, i ua palapala ma luna o ke kau ma ka ia wahi ma laila i kekahi pale, kiʻi una. Kēia kahua o ke kaʻina hana (ka mua) ma ka holography ua kapaʻia ka moʻolelo ( 'ole i hoʻopaʻa' ia) o ka hologram.

hoʻihoʻi kiʻi

Mākou kuhi i kekahi o ka pelane ale - A, a me ka lua o ka - V. o Reference nalu, a me B - ke kumuhana, e hoʻi mai i ka mea nona ke kiʻi me ka paa. Ua hiki i kekahi aoao i kekahi, mai ka olua nalu. Naʻe, i ka wa e pili ana i ka hologram ua hana ekolu-dimensional maoli nunui hou luna 'wavefront o ka malamalama lewa mai ka mea.

Ke 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu, aka ma kekahi kiʻi Auana (' o ia hoʻi, he kiʻi o ka mea manamana), - keia mea i ka hologram. Ua hiki ke waiho i loko o ke ala o ka iniiaiie i maopopo kahi mea nana i ulana (kukuna laau nui me ka pelane wavefront). Ma kēia hihia, na kapa elua i hana 2 hou ka nalu mua. Ka mua o ia mea he kope mau o ka nalu alo mea i hoʻopulapula ma ka e like me mamua, e like me ka nalu W. Ka luna koe ua kapaia ka? Aeiino? Kiʻi.

Ka holographic kaʻina

Ke 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu, i ua ma nā pelane hana manaʻo aukahi hawewe mea kākau i ma luna o ke kiʻi papa ma hope o ka mea i hiki e loaa i ka' ē aʻe pelane nalu hoʻomālamalama i loko o ka hihia o kekahi o kēia mau nalu. Ke holographic kaʻina, ke'ōlelo mai i ka mea kēia mauʻanuʻu: kakau ana, a mahope "pūnaewele" o ka mua ho'āli o nā Pahuhopu i loko o ka palapala o ka hologram ( 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu) a me kona reconstitution i kekahi manawa ma hope o ka hooholo ma hologram ka olua nalu.

Ke kumuhana Ke wavefront hiki nae ia i kekahi. No ka laʻana, ka mea, i ke lewa mai ka maoli, oiai ina ia mea he manaʻo aukahi maopopo kahi nalu. I hanaʻia e kekahi wavefronts mau nona coherence, i ke 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu hoʻohālike - keia mea he mea e leie aku oe e hoohuli aie i ka diffraction o kekahi o kēia mau fronts i loko o ka' ē aʻe. Kēia mea ma ka huna kī i ka kŰia o ka holography. Dennis Gabor mua ike ai i keia waiwai.

Ke kilo kiʻi ua loaʻa ma ka hologram

I ko makou manawa, ka mea, hoomaka ae la ia e hoʻohana i ka kūikawā manaʻo no ka heluhelu holograms - holographic projector. Ua apono 'oe e hoohuli i kiʻi mai two- i ekolu-dimensional. Eia naʻe, e nānā i ka mea hologram, holographic projector ua i koi 'ia. Iki e wehewehe pehea e hana ai me ia mau kiʻi.

E malama i ka mea haʻahaʻa hologram kiʻi Ua hana, ia mea pono e waiho ia ma ke kaawale ana o 1 mika, mai ka maka. Ma diffraction pono papa manamana, e nana i ka olelo ma i ka pelane ale (hoihoi hou) hiki ana mai o ia. No laila, pehea e like pelane hawewe komo i ka maka o ke kilo, he holographic kiʻi mea i palahalaha. Eia kahi mea akaka ia iā mākou me ina "hakahaka pa" i kōā kaulike illuminates ka malamalama me ka iaʻano hoʻokahi me ka AYEIE kukuna. No keia "Wall" ua hoonele ia kekahi hana mana, he mea hiki ole ke hoʻoholo i ka ia mea. Pēlā ka manaʻo like ina e nana aku i ka ke aupuni 'ma infinity ma luna o ka pā pōhaku, akā, e hiki ke ike wale hapa o ka ia, i mea hiki ke ike ma ka "window" uuku ia mea he hologram. Nolaila, he hologram - ua kōā kaulike hoomalamalamaia mai ili ma luna a mākou hiki ole ike mea e pono ai ka noonoo.

Ka diffraction papa manamana pukapuka (hologram) e leie aku iā mākou e mālama i kekahi mau mea 'ole. Ka mea, ke h ÷ ike i ka pono o holograms a me nāʻano. Maalo ae la oia ma ka diffraction mea manamana, me ka malamalama kaola no ka hoi mahae, ho okumu i elua hou mea ulana lole. E ho ohana kukuna kaola hiki a hōʻea i kekahi diffraction manamana. Ke pāhawewe E e heʻokoʻa ano mai e hoʻohana i loko o kona i hoʻopaʻa 'ia. I ka huina o ka mea nana i ulana ano anuenue hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka waihoʻoluʻu nona. Inā ka mea, ua ulaula mai (ka lōʻihi-ke kōā), e like me ka laau ua lena i ka oi huina ma mua o ka uliuli mea nana i ulana, a i ka huna uuku ke kōā.

Ma ka manamana ke skip i ka läÿau, o nā waihoʻoluʻu, oa keʻokeʻo. Ma keia hihia, o kela ano ke keʻena o ka hologram Halala ma lalo o kona mau huina. Ma ka auoiaea pae ua hana like i ka hana prism.

I hoʻokomo 'o ka mea manamana laina

Malama o ka manamana E e i kokoke loa i kekahi i kekahi i ka mea i kekahi 'anuenue o ka malamalama kukuna. No ka laʻana, a hiki i ka curvature o kaʻulaʻula laau nui ma 20 ° mea pono i ka mamao ma waena o nā Groove aole e oi aku mamua o 0,002 mm o. Inā ka mea, wahi hou a ua hoʻopili loa, he Ray o ka malamalama hoʻomaka e lena hou. I mea e "kākau" i hāʻawi puka olu oia i papa ua pono ai, i hiki palapala ai lahilahi wahi. A eia hoi, he mea pono i ka papa ma ke kaʻina hana o ka waiū a me ka noho loa motionless i kakau.

Ke kiʻi hiki ke haukaʻe i nui a hiki i ka iki ana, no ka nui loa no laila, i ka mea makemake e loa indistinguishable. Ma keia hihia, e nānā mākou i 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu, e he aniani papa ma luna o kona ili honua holoʻokoʻa uniformlyʻeleʻele poʻo paha. O ka hana ana, ma keia hihia, e ole pāʻani diffraction waiwai, ua loaʻa ma ka diffraction papa manamana.

Transmissive a reflective hologram

Ua hookolokoloia mākou i ka diffraction papa manamana pukapuka ua haawi ia ia e like me ka EYI, no ka mea, ka mea hana i loko o ka malamalama maalo ae la oia ma ia. Inā i ke kumu o ka puka olu oia i laina mea,ʻaʻole ma ka aniani moakaka papa, a ma luna o ka ili o ke aniani, ua loaa i ka diffraction papa manamana pukapuka reflectivity. He Hōʻike 'ia ka malamalama ma kekahi mau pana pua o kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu. Alaila, ma laila nō nā pā papa o holograms - reflective a me ka transmissive. First malama ma ka lewa malamalama, a me ka lua o ka - ma ka hele.