Huguenot - owai la keia? Huguenots a me ka poʻe Kalawina. Huguenots ma France

Ma ka waena o ka XVI kenekulia i ke aupuni mō'ī ma Farani i hele ma paakiki manawa. Italia War, i pau i ka make, alakai aku ai i ka nui ka hoʻoponopono ulia o ka mana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Palani haku, ka poe i manao mai ma luna kiʻekiʻe kulana a me ka hou honua, a me ka waiwai pio o ke kaua, he loa hoʻohiki, aʻano ma ka ole. A pau kā lākou e hāʻiliʻili aku ma luna o ke aliʻi, a me kona mau courtiers. Ma hope o ke kaua, ke aristocracy Ua aneane i hōkaiʻia. No laila, i ke aliʻi, i ka wa i ka holo o ka Huguenots, hoomaka koke oia e kākoʻo a me ka hana ia e ku e ia i ke kikowaena ke aupuni i loko o ka ho'āʻo pono e loaʻa ai i ka hapanui concessions no lakou iho. No laila, ma ka Huguenots ma Farani? Ke pane i keia ninau hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka pauku.

Kakolika a me ka poʻe Kalawina

Western o ka poʻeʻEulopa hookohukohu Catholicism, akā, i ka hoʻomaka o ka XVI kenekulia i ka ulu eha ma ka naau i waena o ka mea malama pono ma ka mea o ka hana o ka Ekalesia o ka hihia. Ka mea, ua hoomaopopoia e ka Pope, a me kona entourage wale manaʻo pehea, e hooikaika i ko lakou mana a me ka lilo i waiwai. Hōʻike i ko lākouʻano makeʻe a me ka avarice, hiki kahuna i ka ino laʻana i ka hoahānau o. Kēia eha ma ka naau alakai ai i ka mea i loaʻa o ka hou ana i kapaʻia ka Reformation. Kona kumu hoʻokaulike e hoʻololi i ke kulekele o ka ekalesia Karistiano. People ka poe i hui i kēia neʻeʻana i kapaia Kalawina, no ka mea, i oleʻae me ka papa moku'āina o ka mea.

Ke muli o ka hou au

Huguenot - he Palani Protestant XVI-XVII kenekulia. I ka mua o ia i kapaia Lutherans ma hope o ka German mōneka Martina Lyutera, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Wittenberg. I ka 1517ʻo ia i ka papa inoa iloko olaila o 95 kumu, i ua memo ma luna o ka puka o kona ekalesia. Kēia palapala ua ole wale pale i ke kanaka kahuna, akā, i ua he ano o ke keakea e kue i ka hewa kulekele o ka holoʻokoʻa Roma Hui Church.

Luther ua hoomaopopoia na mea a pau i nā kānaka apau i ka kuokoa study o ka palapala hemolele. No keia, ka mea unuhi i ka Baibala, mai Roma i loko o Kelemānia. He ua ka mea mua, a ma hope ona i ka palapala hemolele, a hoomaka ae la e hoolaha i loko o nā 'ōlelo a pau.

Like paha e manaoia, o ka Ekalesia Hui hoahewa Luther. Nui no mākou kähähä, ka mea i kākoʻo,ʻaʻole wale nō ano o kanaka, akā, i kekahi o na luna i loko oʻEulopa. No laila, ke English King Henry VIII ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka hoohemo i kana wahine, a mare Anne Boleyn. Akā, i ka Pope i ole e ae e hana ai, no laila, i ka luna oʻEnelani, e hoʻopau i ka pilina a me ka Waikikana, a laila, hai mai la ia ia iho ke poo o ka Ekalesia ma ko lakou aina.

Ma hope o ka German mōneka hoomaka ae la e hele mai, a 'ē aʻe personalities ikaika, ka poe i pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka Reformation. No ka mea, o keia, Protestantism loaʻa paha kekahi mau LIKE. Inā ma Germany i kapa mau i manaoio Lutherans, ka Palani Huguenot - he Calvinist. Ka inoa o ka manaoio i loaa mai ma John Kelvin (1509-1564). He ua he kaulana Palani theologian, a me kana mau palapala i loaʻa hiki ke wehewehe i na, ao ke ano o ka Christian manaoio.

Au pono e olelo aku nei ia ma hope o ia kaawale ana i na hoopai ana i ka malama pono Kakolika, e hoopoipoi a hiki lī Kalawina, a me na mea e ae, ma ka huli, hoomaka ae la e hoouka aku i ka hahai ana i ka Pope. Akā, ka mea, ua ike lea i hana eha iaʻi hoʻoikaika i ko lakou poe enemi, ka mea, e hoopakele i ko lakou poe uhane mai ka ehaeha mau loa mai o Gehena.

Over manawa, hoomaka Protestantism e hohola ma Farani. First Huguenot - he kanaka haipule, ka poe i pili ana i ka manao o ka mea hou hoomana. He hiki ia i ka 'elele o ka plebeians a me ka bourgeoisie, like me he kanaka maoli o ke ano hanohano, a me ka feudal hanohano. Hope, i ka manaʻo hoʻonui. Ma na 60s o ka XVI kenekulia. a ma na 20s o ka XVII kenekulia. Huguenot - keia mea,ʻaʻole pono ke kanaka haipule, ia no ka aina i ka mea a pau haipule a me ka pili aupuni hui Calvinist Kalawina.

Ka mahele i loko o nā wahi hoʻomoana,

Ke outbreak o hostilities ma Farani ka pilina i ka nawaliwali o ka poe hooilina o Henry II. Kāna mau keiki kāne - François II, ka mea i aliʻi wale hoʻokahi makahiki (1559-1560), Charles IX (1560-1574) a me Henry III (1574-1589), pinepine i ka mea hana o ka hana malu i hana lole i hana kekahi i kekahi hale ma feudal hanohano.

Charles IX piʻi i ka noho aliʻi ma ka makahiki o ka umi, a me ke kahu i kona makuahine - Ekaterina Medichi, ka mea i alii iho la oia pu me kona mau minions. Ma na sixties, a pau i ka nui feudal haku māheleʻia i loko o nā ikaika haipule a me ka mau pūʻulu. Kekahi o nā aliʻi,ʻo ia ma kaʻaoʻao o lākouʻaʻahu. Ka mea, i hookohukohu Catholicism. Ma kā lākou mauʻaoʻao ua hoi Ekaterina Medichi - Italian kumu. Kekahi hapa o ke alii ko lakou pili ana i ke kue a me ka poe i ka Huguenot aoao, a i alai ai ma ka Bourbons, Adimarala Coligny a me ke Alii o Navarre. Au pono e olelo aku nei ia ma ka pā hale, he mau nā loea kālai'āina ka poe i hui pu ole me kekahi o ka kaua aoao elua. Ka mea, ho'āʻo i ka laua poe enemi, i ka mea o ka Huguenots a me ka Kakolika.

omaka na kaua

March 1, 1562 ma ka liʻiliʻi kulanakauhale o Vassy ke Duke o lākouʻaʻahu, a me kona makaukau i kākoʻo koke hooukaia mai hoakoakoa ae la na kanaka no ka pule. O lakou na Huguenots, ka poe hiki ke repel i ka Farani Kakolika. Ma hope o ka kaua hana 'hoomaka hamama confrontation. Ua Ua kapaia Huguenot kaua (1562-1598 GG.). Ka mea, pepehi Antuan De Bourbon a me Fransua De lākouʻaʻahu. Mai ia manawa koke nō ma luna o ka kaua, a i mālamaʻia implacable enemi - ka Huguenots a me ka Kakolika - ua Hawaiʻi i loko o ka moʻo o ka lono kaumaha hanana, vvergshih Palani i loko o chaos.

? aiaiiuie truce

Kekahi kaua e kue i pau ai i ka 1570. Ka mea, ua ka haipule a me ka pili aupuni confrontation i lulu aku i ka pau aina. Ke kaua i Saint-Germain maluhia. E like me keia, Palani Huguenot hoomakaukau haipule ku okoa ana a me ka hooponopono i ka helu o ka ikaika i nā pā kaua.

Ke truce lawe mai luku aupuni a me kona poʻe uku panai, akā, Awesome kena ae la eha ma ka naau i waena o nā kaukaualiʻi Kakolika, i loko o 'ana, o ka ohana o ko lākouʻaʻahu - he kahiko Palani ohana, e hele ana ma luna nō ia mai ka Carolingian.

Ka ulu ole ma ka pā hale

Protestant alakaʻi i ka Adimarala De Coligny. Huguenot ma ka hoahewa ia,ʻo ia i komo pū i loko o ka 'Aha o ke Aupuni, e hana ma lalo o Charles IX Valois. De Coligny, nona ka ole ma ke alo o ua alahula mau, a hiki hou hooikaika i kēia lōʻihi-kakali maluhia, hoomaopopoia ke aliʻi e hoʻoponopono ai i ka mare ana ma waena o Margaritoy De Valois a me Henry o Navarre.

Adimarala Coligny ua he politician nui a me ka diplomat, no ko ianei manao pōmaikaʻi i ko lakou aina. He makemake France e lilo i ikaika, akā, no ka Hui Spain, noʻonoʻo i ka manawa o ke alii wahine o na kai, e ole e keia e hanaia. Adimarala i aʻo aku ai i ke aliʻi, e hōʻike i koa kōkua i ka Hōlani Kalawina, ka poe e kaua ana no ko lakou kuokoa. He ike ia ina Charles IX eʻae aku,ʻaʻole e ana i ke kaua me Spain ke käpae '. Akā, Coligny i ike ia mea, e hui i ka Huguenots a me ka Kakolika, e like me na pomaikai e ma luna o nā mea a pau'ē aʻe.

Ekaterina Medichi (1519-1589 GG.), Makuahine ke keiki aliʻi, ua nui loa olioli ole i ka aoao o ka Huguenots i ka pā hale nui a me ka hou aku, piʻi pū. Ua i ole makemake kaua me ka Paniolo Kakolika. The Queen Mother manao ia i kekahi hana e hoʻonāukiuki i kekahi aupuni catastrophe. I Ina o ke kaua, i ka Pope a me nā mea a pau HuiʻEulopa makemake e mai i na mea kaua e ku e ia Farani.

Ke kumu no ka luku

I ka 1572, kekahi ho'āʻo ai e hoʻopau i ka kaua aoao elua i i. E hele mai me ka manao ana i na kaikuahine o King Charles no IX - Margaret o Valois - ua e mare i ka Kalawina Genriha Navarrskogo. Penei, ua mare ke hoʻopau i ke koko i loko o Farani, a me ke kaua ana o ka Huguenots a me na Kakolika ma keia makemake kekahi kala.

Ka ahaaina mare ua ia e paa August 18. Ua Ua hele ia e nā mea a pau i ka maikai Huguenots. Ka hapa nui o ia mau manawa noho i loko o ka naʻau o Paris, a neo? Aaiiai? I ka hale o ka Hui aliʻi. Protestant ike pono nana'āina hoʻohiwahiwa ma ka like ana me ia, a me keia kena'ōhumu mai nui i waena o ka hoʻokiwikā heluna kanaka, a, ma muli o ka auhau kiʻekiʻe a me ka ai kala mea e hiki ke noho me luawai. Rich ahaaina mare ua i ke kumu no ka'ōhumu mai, e like me ka hailona o ke dala i lilo ma luna o kona hui, i lawe ia, o ka holo ana, mai hipuu, a no laila,ʻuʻuku iho kona waiwai poʻe uku. No laila, i ke kahua i loko o Paris i nā wela a ka mea hiki i kona piko.

Pepehi kanaka o Adimarala De Coligny

Ke kahua i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ua Makamae, a me ia ua ole lohi e lawe ka lanakila o kaʻohana o ko lākouʻaʻahu. Together me Ekaterinoy Medichi, ka mea, hoʻonohonoho i hoohalua, e kaua kīmopō de Ka Coligny. He iwakalua-lua ma August 1572, Adimarala i kauia e ka hale o lākouʻaʻahu, ua ku oia i loko o ka lima pana kī pū pono mai o ka puka makani. Hanakimi ho'āʻo, i kēia manawa pilikia. Akā, na Kakolika aole lakou i manao e haʻalele i ko lakou mau mea kuka. August 24 po nui o ka huhu i mākaukau i wawahi i loko o ka hale, kahi āna i brutally pepehi Huguenot Adimarala Coligny. He He hewa, a me ka ia i ka hoʻomaka o nā hanana i kahili ae ma ka aina. Pela no, hoomaka ae la ke koko po Huguenots.

MOKUNA LXXVI o St. a me Baretolomaio

Hiki i ka ahaaina mare ma Paris, kākoʻo o Genriha Navarrskogo i ka po, mai 23 la a hiki i August 24, 1572 luku hoʻomāinoino luku mai ia. Kēia savage luku mai ana o ka Huguenots ma Farani, koi na ola o ma kahi o 3 tausani. Man.

A me ka mea a pau hoʻomaka me ka mea i Ekaterina Medichi ua hiki ke hoomaopopo i ke alii opio i loko o kahi i paʻapū ai i hoʻonohonoho 'ia e ku e ia ia e Kalawina. Ua hai aku la ia ia i ka mea i pono, e luku aku ia i nā aliʻi a pau, ka poe i komo i loko o kēia. Ke alii alaila kuu aku la i ke kahea aku, o ka makuwahine. Koke ukali ia e kekahi mea, e lawe mai ia i loko o piha hakakā mākaukau ma ka halepaahao, e like me ka pono me ka panina o ke kulanakauhale puka.

Once ka mea, la ia mea e pili ana i ka pepehi kanaka o Coligny, ma Paris, kani ana o ka poʻe hiamoe bele. He malama no ia no Kakolika peʻahiʻana i ka hoomaka ana o ka hana. A pau holo i loko o ke alanui me ka pu, a hoomaka ae la ka po o ka Huguenots. Ahakanaka o ka huhu kanaka wawahi i loko o ka hale, a pepehi a pau i makemake ia e ka Hui. I keia po ,ʻaʻole wale Kalawina, waiho wale aku. Aie pepehi lākou'ai'ē a me ka poe i makemake e lawe hoʻopaʻi - alakaʻi i kona hoʻopaʻi. Kane, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka manawa, Kaniak hoopakele ia o ka lolouila ia wāhine a me nā ipo - e pale ia na kanaka. Ke kumu no keia i ka Huguenots, St. a me Baretolomaio, a ua lilo ia i nā polokalamu i loko o ko lāua olaʻana. A pau i ka pouli, i i hūnā hohonu i loko o ke kanaka uhane, koke poha aku, a i omo i ke kūlanakauhale koko paku.

Mai ka luku ana o Huguenots ma Paris i wahi i ka po mua o ka lā o St. me Baretolomaio, o ka hanana hele ae la ia ma ka moolelo ma lalo o ka inoa o St. a me Baretolomaio.

bacchanalia

Me ka hiki ana mai o ke ao, i ka pepehi kanaka i i hooki. Ekaterina Medichi i i manao ia o ka ulu ana. Pane akula ua? Oaony e luku i ka K'lauea Huguenot luna wale nō, akā, ka mea a pau i hele hewa. hoomaka ae la ke kulanakauhale pogroms a me looting. Ano o kohu kūpono kanaka pepehi na umi o nā haneri, a me ia mea hou e kaukaʻi ma luna o ko lakou hoomana ana. A pau i ka pepehi kanaka, aihue a me ka powa i hele mai mai o ko lākou mau lua, e manao ana impunity.

i luna i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ua ai orgy mau ae la ia no ka pule a pau. Ke kiai ma ka par me ka hewa hao a pau. Nā hewa a pau wale i na koa, e kiai, ka poe i koe ma ka pono a hiki i ke kānāwai a me ke alii, akā, e hoʻihoʻi mea i loko o lākou i ole lawa.

Hopena o St. a me Baretolomaio

Unrest a me ka haunaele lawe wahi i loko o ke kapikala, triggered he kaula naoh. Huguenots a me ka poʻe Kalawina i exterminated Hawaii en me nā paʻi,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Paris akā, ma Farani - Bordeaux, Orleans, Lyon, Rouen a me na kulanakauhale e ae.

i ka noho aliʻi o ke kānāwai, e hoihoi, a waiho i ke aupuni i loko o mea, i na kauoha o ke alii Charles IX o Farani, i loko o nā'āina a me nā kūlanakauhale i ua hoouna aku ai i ka palapala. Ua olelo mai la ia i ka pepehi kanaka o Protestant alakai i wahi me ka 'ae' ana a me ka supposedly ia ua kokua mai oia i pale aku kekahi Anati-moku'āina kipi. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i kauoha aku, a hai mai i ke ku okoa ana haipule ua i hōʻoki aku.

He nui Huguenots a me ka poʻe Kalawina, auhee mai ke kolohe, haʻalele ka mokuna o Farani, e like me ka hopena o ko lākou mau keiki ma ka aina i ua hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia.

Ua mare ia Marguerite de Ka Valois, Henry o Navarre ola. Akā, ma ka mea e hoola ola,ʻo ia i haʻakoi e hoohuli i Catholicism. Ua hahai e Henry, a Conde kona laʻana.

Iloko o na excesses o ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 5 tausani. People i make. Akā, e like me ka moʻolelo, keia aka mea nui kiekie, i puni 30 tausani. It e e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea kiko'ī helu o nā mōhai mea nō IKE OLE IA.

Kaua o ka ekolu Henry

Ma hope iho o ka luku ana o ka Huguenots o ke kaua i i hooki. Ka mea, wawahi mai me ke ahiahi, nui ikaika, kūpono ana ma ke komohana a me ka hema'āina hoʻokaʻawaleʻia, mai ke kūkulu'ākau mai o Farani. Aia i ua hana i ka hou hui ana moku'āina Huguenots, mālama Kiaaina, mai waena o nā kūloko hanohano. Ka mea, i kekahi mea loa a me ka pomaikai, mai keia "kū kaʻawale".

Ma ka hapalua like-70s, i kū'ē i ka poʻe Kalawina ma ka akau o Farani, i hoʻonohonoho i ka hoao ana, i kapaia ka Hui o Oʻahu. Kona poo lilo Genrih Giz. Keia ke Kuʻikahi i mana o ke aupuni, ke aupuni 'ma Paris, a i ole ia e ka manao o King Henry III e manao i ka truce me ka Huguenots.

Ma ka hapalua like 80s ka confrontation o elua irreconcilable haipule aoao worsened hou. He wawahi i ka hou kaua ma waena o na hooilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi, i kapaia ka kaua o ka ekolu Henry (1585-1589), e like me ka mea i hele ma ke Palani ke alii Henry III (Valois), Genrih Burbon (Navarre) a me Genrih Giz.

Ke kumu o ko lākou hakakā i ka hope māmala'ōlelo no ka pono o kona ohana i nui pono a hiki i ka noho aliʻi ma mua o na mea e ae, no ka mea, o ke kupuna o Karl Veliky ia ia iho. Ka mea i i ole loaa ia Henry III i hooilina, no laila, i nā lālā o ka 'Âlapa koi ae aku Giza kūhelu hope a hiki i ka noho aliʻi, mai ona aku. Pela ka nui o lakou, i ka 1588, hoomaka ae la ke alii, e huki pu i na kupaʻa lākou poʻe kaua a hiki i ke poʻo. Lākou AIM ua i ka hopu ia ana o Henry lākouʻaʻahu, a me kona kākoʻo. Kēia i aoia ligovtsy, a hoʻonohonoho i uprising ma Paris e kū'ē i ke aliʻi iā ia iho.

ia Henry III, e holo aku i Chartres. Aia, hapai ae la i ka hana maalea: kii Giza ostensibly no ka mea o ka e hoolaulea aku ai. O Oʻahu, ka luna i hele mai ai i ke alii o December 22, 1588, akā, i hou ae la oia i ka make e na koa. Ma ka palapala o keia kipi, ke kapikala hoole, e hoolohe i ka Valois, a lilo iho la ia i kekahi kulanakauhale-repubalika. Ua ukaliʻia'ē aʻe kona kumu.

Kingʻike ihola i ka'āina nalowale, a hai mai la koke Genriha Navarrskogo like me kona hope. Hoʻolālā i ka manao lokahi kākoʻo, a komo aku la iloko o ka aelike, mau alii a me kona mau poʻe kaua, hele ma Paris. Akā, Henry III,ʻaʻole hoʻi i hiki i ke kapikala - make iho la ia 1 o Augate 1589 makahiki. A me kona make ana, i ka Valois aliʻi i oki ia nei. Kona pii ana i ka nohoalii o ka Moi o Navarre, ka mea i lilo i ka hou luna o Farani - Henry IV. No ka mea, i kona ala ana i ka mana i pau ai i loko o ke kaua ma waena o brutal Kakolika a me ka poʻe Kalawina.

Ano, i ka ninau ana o ka poe na Huguenots ma Farani e oluolu e pane mai, i ka mea, he kanaka o nā 'aoʻao hoʻomana mea nui okoa mai Catholicism. Kalawina hoomalau mai i ka hoʻomana o ke kea laa, icons, ekalesia hoohewa i ka issuance o indulgences. Kēia heluia, o ka Pope a me kona mau clergy hiki ole ke hoʻomanawanui, no laila, hai aku la i ka Huguenots a me heretics accomplices o Satana. Hoomaka ae la he crackdown, a kena ae la ia i ka luku a me ka hi kaua i he mau makahiki.