Hutsuls - owai la hoi oe? Nā lāhui kanaka o ka Western Ukraine. Auhea hutsuly

"... Hutsuls. ʻO wai kēia kanaka? "Kēia nīnau 'aʻole e ala aʻeʻoe i nā manawa i ka poe ma ka liʻiliʻi loa koke hoihoi i loko o ka nohona o nā lāhui kanaka o ka'āina kokoke.

Naʻe, i ka pane mea,ʻaʻole no ka mea, a hiki no na kamaaina o Ukraine. Ia mea, oe e loa paha e hai aku ia oe i ka mea, o na kanaka e noho ana ma ka komohana hapa o ka moku'āina, aloha aku i ka mele, a me ka paʻa mea nui loa, e hoʻomākaukau ia i nā loina kaila, hele aku ia, mai ia hanauna aku ia hanauna aku. A me keia, paha, na mea a pau. O ka hilahila, no ka mea, ma keia hihia, keia kiʻiona lāhui kanaka, e e like me nā lāhui kanaka he nui loa o Ukraine.

ʻOiai i ka Gutsuliya, a mea makemake e pono ke hai mua. No ke aha? Ka mea mea i kā lākouʻaoʻao o ke ola, kaila o ka lole a me ka aoao o ka kālaiʻike i noho ai no na makahiki, lilo i ke kumuhana o ke ao ma na haumana, nā moʻolelo a me ka moʻomeheu mākaukau.

Ma keia 'atikala ho'āʻo mākou e, e pane i ka ninau e pili ana i ka mea i ka Hutsuls. ʻO wai kēia kanaka, e ike heluhelu mai i ka hōʻike o ka mōʻaukala, ka moʻomeheu a me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia lāhui kanaka.

Pauku 1. General hōʻikeʻano aupuni 'ē aku

Aia ka speculation i Hutsul, nae, like hoʻi me Lemko a me Boyko, e pili ana i ka Carpatho-Rusyn lāhui hui. Akā, manaʻo huhū keia manao, nā meaʻeʻe moku mai Kalikia a Bukovina Rusyns manaoio i kā lākou poʻe mākua i hele mai i loko o ka Carpathian Mountains i ka hoʻomaka o ka VI kenekulia. I ka lā, i ka bulk o ka Carpatho-Rusyn lāhui pūʻulu noho ana ma ka mokuna mau mea o ke kālā no Carpathians, Aia ma ke kuʻina o Ukrainian, Polish a me Slovak mau mokuna.

No hoi, oi ma mua o ka hapa miliona kanaka e noho ana ma kaʻawale nā kaiāulu i kokoke'āina, a ma ka United States. Ka nui o kēia mau kaiaulu Ua kokoke ½ o ka huina helu o nā mea a pau Rusyns ma ka honua.

Pauku 2. Ke kumu o ka inoa o ka lāhui pūʻulu

He nui theories e pili ana i ke kumu o ka hua'ōlelo "Hutsul", akā,ʻaʻohe mea nāna o ia mai i pololei hoike. Kekahi manaoio i ka inoa 'ē Carpathian highlanders loaa mai ka Ossetian (Sarmatian), i ka hua'ōlelo "gytstsyl", a' o ia hoʻi "liʻiliʻi, Jr.".

Ma palapala kumu i ka inoa i kakau ia "gytstsyl chizg / Iazyges" a pili ia i Iazyges - Sarmatian ohana i ola i loko o ka Carpathians a me Galicia ma nā kenekulia mua. e ka. I ka mea, i ole komo i loko o ke kai eʻe Sarmatian-Alans ma Europa, a noho iho la me ka Gepids a Goths ma Galicia-greytungami ( "uuku Goths").

Kekahi poe e ae i hoike i ka manao ana o ka hua'ōlelo "Hutsul" me Kinohi He He wahi okoa - mai ka hua'ōlelo "roam" (ma muli o ia o ka holo hou ': roam-Cociulia-Gotsul-hutsuly).

No hoi, aia no he kuhiakau mea i loaa kona inoa no o ka inoa o ka ohana a me ka verb Guts "gutsaty".

Naʻe, i ka loa, he pono ole kekahi mea i ka etymology o ka hoʻohui pū 'ia o nā hua'ōlelo elua - "guzul" (ma oprishkivsky "ana") me ka Lomānia "powa". He mea känalua 'i kēia lāhui kanaka ua noʻonoʻo i ka hihiu (noa) kanaka.

Pauku 3. Kahi hutsuly ola i loko o Ukraine?

Hutsuls - ma ka par me na strikers a me Lemke - e pili ana i ka lāhui 'ōiwi e noho ana ka Carpathian Mountains. I ko makou manawa, e noho ana ma ka aina o Ukraine ma Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi a me Transcarpathian wahi.

In Ivano-Frankivsk māhele 'āina, i ka lāhui Ukrainians noho Verkhovyna, Yaremche, hema Kosovo, e like me Nadvoryanskogo mau mea.

Ko lakou wahi o ka noho ana ma ka Transcarpathian māhele o Rakhiv Apana. Area Gutsulschiny Ukraine o 6.5 sq. M. ei. Ma kona mokuna i nā'āina palena o Romania, kahi noho ai maramoroshskie hutsuly.

Pauku 4. Historical kekahi manawa,

A hiki i ka hapalua like 40-ies o ka hope kenekulia Hutsul, e like me ka oiaio,, ua māheleʻia aʻela i ka pau ana o Western Ukraine.

Ma mua o ka First World War, kekahi hapa o ko lakou aina no ke Austria, a Hungary. A ma hope o 1920 Hutsul aina i subordinated i Poland, Romania a me Czechoslovakia. Ma ka pau ana o 30-ies o XX kenekulia Huzulschyna ka mea, lilo kekahi hapa o ka Ukrainian SSR.

Ka mua helu ana o ka heluna kanaka o Ukraine, mālama 'ia ma 2001, hoike mai e pili ana i 21,5 tausani. People kuhikuhi ana ia lakou iho me ethnological Hutsul pae.

Pauku 5. Pehea i ka Huzulschyna

Ka mua mōʻaukala olelo ai o Iosepa i ka Hutsul māheleʻikeʻia i loko o Polish palapala kumu ka launa pū mai ka XIV-XV kenekulia. No ka lōʻihi manawa ua maemae na kanaka o ka Western Ukrainian aina mai feudal ke kuleana, (panschiny).

Akā, ua he kino a me ka waiwai kaumaha ma luna o ka heluna no ka uku o ka repurchase o ke kokoke landowners. Ma ka waena o ka XVII-XVIII kenekulia. Gutsulschiny ma ka Honua, hoomaka ae la ke kaulana insurgency, ke poo o ka Ukrainian neʻeʻana lilo opryshky Oleksa Dovbush. A ma ka 40-ies o ka XIX kenekulia ua kekahi kaulana uprising nona ma ka pono o ko na kauwa, a me ka abolition panschiny hoʻomalu. Ua neʻe alakai insurgents Lukyan kona kua.

Ka loa nui mōʻaukala hanana o ka hope kenekulia ana i loko o ka nohona a me ka pili aupuni ola o Hutsul pili activism Ukrainian'ano'ē Party, ka hanaia'na o aeoaeuneiai hale kiaka ma lalo o ka lima o ka naonao Khotkevych (1911), a me ka Society "Sich" K. Trilevskogo, hostilities Ukrainian Sich Riflemen ( o 1914-1915,) a me ka helehelena o Hutsul Repubalika, i ola wale i kekahi mau mahina.

Ke kumu nui loa o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Gutsulschiny aia ma luna o ka mokuna o Ukraine. Na, koe wale nō kekahi mau kūlanakauhale i loko o ka Lomania hapa o Bukovina a me Marmaroschine.

Pauku 6. O ka papa 'ano o ka hana Hutsul

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o kuʻuna hana o ka wa kahiko Hutsul i: holoholona, hihiu koʻa, beekeeping a me ka lāʻau rafting. Ukrainian Carpathians o ka maikaʻi hiʻona no ka mea akamai.

Ka Mahiai hutsuly kokoke pū, a me ka mea, ua o ka haumāna nui. A kūikawā wahi i loko o ke ola o Hutsul poʻe kānaka e noho a me nā mea noʻeau, a me nā akamai. Ua? Ac? Pottery, ulana, ili a me ke keleawe, ka lāʻau kalai ana, inlay holehole mai ai, a no laila, ma luna o .. mea Many poe paahana ola.

By kahiko mea kani hutsuls ia tilinka (bipi) - he Tube hamama me ka lua, i ka wilou a hazel. A e noho ana o Transcarpathia, ia mea,ʻaʻole i ka lā hiki ola me kou punahele Lau Makani. Kokoke kela mea keia mea o lakou, E ka Haku e na holoholona hihiu, mai ka wanaʻao kamaliʻi.

Kekahi kahiko makani mea ua trembita - laau paipu lōʻihi mai i eha mika me ka nohona kiwikā wahīʻia i loko o birch wauke. Kēiaʻano o ka makani mea hoʻohana no ka pū i hiki nā leo lepa ma lōʻihi mamao. E ho ohana i ka mea i loko o nā lā kahiko, hoopii aku e pili ana i nā hanana likeʻole (ahaaina mare mai, aiiia, make, ke kanu ana, a no laila, ma luna o. D.), A me ka hoolaha ana o kā lākou i kahi i loko o ka Hawaii o nā kahu hipa i.

Hutsuly i hoʻohana 'ē aʻe bila - ohe, accordion a me ka dukima, emi fiddle a me ka lira.

Mākou Hutsuls lahui ulu hanauna ka pili a me ka fraternity, hoopaa iho la o shamanism. Ka mea, he poe adherents o ka Ukrainian Helene Hui, a Ukrainian Orthodox ekalesia.

Pauku 7. Ma ka 'ōlelo e manawalea hutsuly

No ka palapala i loko o Ukraine i waena o ka Hutsul hoʻohana Hutsul olelo o Ukrainian 'ōlelo, Lomania hutsuly olelo Ukrainian a me Lomānia.

Hihia a hāʻule pahū a me nā hiʻona Hutsul ka puana o nā hua'ōlelo ma na aoao like i ka Slovak'ōlelo. Kēia e hōʻike mai kekahi manawa hou i ka loa heterogeneous a me ka loa pinepine hou e like nā meaʻeʻe moku mai Europa aina e, ma mua o ka noho ana o ka moku'āina na kanaka o Ukraine.

Pauku 8. Hutsul Wedding mau mooolelo a me nā kānāwai

Hutsul, i ke kumu o ka i mai,ʻaʻole kiʻi luhi i ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ethnographers, a hiki i ko makou manawa, e mae aupuni kapa, a ikaika ae hoopili aku i kā lākou mau makahiki-kahiko kuʻuna Hawaiʻi.

Mea maʻa mau, a me ka courtshipʻano kaua lawe wahi i loko o ka luawai, ke kau a me ka Akuma ka, mea loa pohihihi keia i loko o ka hooilo. No ka ahaaina mare mai,ʻaʻole i kekahi kekahi manawa, akā, oi pinepine ka mea, e lawe mai ma mua o ka Great noi ai. Ua Ua papaia, e paa i ka ahaaina iloko o kekahi kia.

Ka mua hoailona o ka poe ola, ahaaina mare ma Hutsulia ua prepodnoshenie matchmakers pepa. Ke mare ua lōʻihi a me ka ikaika, ka mea opiopio i ke "komo i loko o ke kawele." Lōʻihi mooolelo o ka Hutsul noʻonoʻo prepodnoshenie kalaches ma luna o ka ua humulauʻia kawele opiopio Leomakana me ka puana o ka makemake o ke ola waiwai a me ka pomaikai. A ka ekalesia i ke kahu a holo lākou ma luna o ka lio.

I mau, me ka pōkole pane i ka nīnau: "Hutsuls? ʻO wai kēia kanaka? ", It E e kaulana ia ia mea kuhikuhi lealea.

Lunakanawai no oe ia oe iho,ʻaʻohe ahaaina mare ua paa me ka poʻe mele a me ka haa ana, lealea, leʻaleʻa, he kūoʻo oʻApelila ia a me ka hoʻomakeʻaka. Pūlehu ihola i ka popo berena a me ka palapala, i ulana, a i humuia pepa. Lol; hoa decorate bouquets, a i kaawe ae la ma na laau, a Gilzem. Ka wahine mare a me na kahu i ka pau lā alakaʻi kaukaualiʻi, elemakule, matchmakers a me ka hoa.

Pauku 9. 'ana i lawelawe haipule icai (Christmas a me Easter)

E hoomakaukau ana no ka Christmas helu kuhi puke ma mua o nā laulau o kālai laau - "Didukh". Wahi a ke kaʻao, keia laau uhane o nā kūpuna, ka home carers. I ka lā mua o ka Holiday nā malihini piha iho i loko o ka umu ahi "ola ahi" o na pauku he umikumamalua, a hoomakaukau umikumamalua meatless Stravaʻano hana.

Hemolele o ka aina e komo o ka kuti - hoolapalapaia palaoa me ka hua pisetakia, ka meli a me ka poppy anoano. Palaoa, ua manaoia i ka hōʻailona o ke ao, a me ka meli - he hōʻailona o ka pomaikai a hiki i na haipule a pau i loko o ka lani. Me ka hōʻeaʻana o Christmas hoʻomaka ka Noel Carol. Kēia mau lā e hele ana i ka hoa, mai ke kulanakauhale a hiki i ke kauhale, a holo ma luna o ka sleigh huki ma ka lio. A pule ma hope o Christmas ua hookahakaha Old New Year, January 18, e paʻa ana i ka lāʻau kū, akā, January 19 Ua hauʻoli no ka bapetizo (Ioredane). Ahaaina hoomaka me ke ano o ka hoku mua i loko o ka lani wale.

Easter Holiday ua hookahakaha ma Hutsulia kaʻaeʻana me nā loina a me nā loina. Ma Palm Sunday na noho i lawe mai mai o ka ekalesia hoʻolaʻa wilou mau lala, a he mea i manaʻo pepehi hou lakou i kela mea keia mea o ko lākou mauʻohana. E like me ka oihana kahiko o ka wilou i ka hoola ana i ka waiwai. Iloko o ka Great kālā a pau paahana i lawe Easter hua.

No ka mea hoʻolaʻa o ka ekalesia i loko o ka hīnaʻi Easter hua i waiho ai, Easter hua a me nā huahana. Nō hoʻi ma ka hoomanao ana i na hana eha ia mai o Kristo, e kaʻa i horseradish a me ka mohai moliaola me ka nahaehae kukui, a nō ka hōʻailona o ke Akua ka malamalama a me ke alahouana o Kristo. Rich hutsuly kiʻi i ka ekalesia maluna o ka lio, a me ka poe ilihune, ua ma luna o ka wawae.

Pauku 10. Features Hutsul meaʻai

National Hutsul meaʻai ka loa like me ka mea hemahema hoi i ka hoomakaukau. O nā huahana loa mau hoʻohana palaoa palaoa, kiliala, legumes, uala, Fish a me ka waiū, a ua i mai ka hipa ka waiū. Hutsul meaʻai mau - banush, Fish ai, Hutsul borshch, rosivnitsa, Kuleshov a oi.

Banush moʻa i loko o ka ipu keleawe o ka hao i loko o ke ahi. Ka vinega holika a me ka holika ua waiho i loko o ka ipu keleawe, a lawe mai la i ka reflux, a mālie ninini paakai cornmeal. Banush kuhi makaukau i ka wa i ka ili o ka momona droplets hōʻike. Ma ka papaʻaina, ua malama aku i ka pa a me ka waiū, Fish me ka puaʻa.

E hoomakaukau ai i ka Fish yushki maloo porcini Fish moʻa ma ka moa kai me nā lāʻau ikiʻai, a laila, hoʻokomo noodles a me greens.

Traditional Hutsul housewives kuke ai me ka paka ka puaa a me kaʻawaʻawaʻana beet.

Pauku 11. Gutsuls ...ʻO wai kēia poʻe kānaka? Ua mea hiki, e kapa aku ia lakou i ka lā?

I kēia lā Hutsul ola like uuku paku ole ia i na pili a me ka pilina upheaval. Ma kauhale, kaʻao kahiko akamai a me ka hana i loko o nā holoholona? Aneii, aie i ka'opi o ka like aina a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie holo ana. No ka nui loa, ka mea, o ka iniiaiie paha haumāna makahiki nānaina. Aneane pau na ohana kiʻi kālaiʻia souvenirs e kuai aku i ka iauaeoia oo? Ecia. Ma muli naʻe o keia, e like me na kanaka o Ukraine, Hutsul i ka mea haahaa makahiki.

Part o ka Hutsul, ma ke kaawale i ka Soviet au i ka Ukrainians e ike ia lakou iho me Rusyns a hoʻokaʻawale, eia nae ka mea hiki ole ke hele pu, a hana i kekahi hoʻokahi malu o Rusyns me ka brisk, a Lemke.