I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka derivation. ʻO kēia hua'ōlelo ho okumu

I ka hua'ōlelo o kekahi 'ōlelo ua mau hoʻonui me ka hou lexical naehana. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka replenishment mea derivation. Kēia kaʻina hana i kona mau 'ano a me ke ano. Walaʻauʻana ano o ka olelo ho okumu i ho'ākāka 'ia i kēlā me kēia mau' ōlelo. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka 'ole,' ano a me ka hoʻokaulike o māhele o ka olelo.

manaʻo

Ma lalo o ka hua'ōlelo kahua maopopo i ke ano o ka hou lexical 'ikamu ka hoʻohana suffixes, prefixes, a me nā' ana i kūpono. Ke kanaka nana i ike pehea hua'ōlelo ho okumu i ka 'ōlelo a pau, hiki i ka nui koke hoopiha i ko lakou mau hua'ōlelo hou, e like me ke heluhelu a maopopo nä hopuna me ka loaa e hoʻohana i ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo.

He nui na Mea Maluna o ka aoao o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu. Kekahi linguists hana i ka typology a diachronic manaÿo synchrony, akā, me ka loa, he pono ole kekahi mea i ka puunaue ana o ka kaʻina hana no ka mea morphemic a me ka nemorfemny subspecies. Mea Maluna, ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka 'ōlelo, ma kahi o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu. I ka papaʻaina ma lalo wehewehe i nā 'ano o ke kaʻina hana no ka mea Lūkini' ōlelo.

Kēlā me kēia subtype i kona mau helehelena a me nā 'ano.

Derivation hoʻohana morpheme

Morphemic iaoia ua wehewehe aku ma ka mea ana i nā hua'ōlelo ma ka 'ōlelo hou hou ma ka hoʻohana' ana o nei lexical naehana a me kekahi pākuʻina. Kēiaʻano i kona mauʻaoʻao ka papa kuhikuhi o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu:

• Kau hope.
• Ka pākuʻina kau mua.
• Okoa ana prefixal, kau hope a me Postaffixal ke ano.
• Eia hou kekahi.
• Ailona.

Kēlā me kēia koho, he okoa ano, nā hiʻona a me ka ho okumu ana i kekahi mau rula.

ʻAno kau hope

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ala no ka derivation o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo o ke kaʻina hana o ka suffixes. Ma keia hihia, hou lexical 'ikamu hou ma ka pepa i ke kumu o ka hua'ōlelo kau hope derivational type. No ka laʻana, elima uchi, uchi loko aku. Suffixation huna aneane nā wahi a pau o ka olelo, akā, me ka mea pono o ka hua'ōlelo kahua o ka haʻiinoa, adverbs a me ka haʻiʻano.

Kēia kaʻina ua pu e likeʻole morphemic ka hoʻololi 'ana, i mea mahele ia i loko o kekahi mau iiaciiie-ano:

• Alternating morphemes: kēlā - hoa (R-g).
• Truncation hoʻomakaʻia morpheme: kiʻekiʻe - kiekie.
• Uhi ia mau morpheme: a pink - a pink.
• Change makau kuhohonu ana: uliuli -'ōmaʻomaʻo.

Kēia mea,ʻaʻole he i ka papa inoa o nā loli, a hiki alakai derivation. Suffixes lakou aloha ia'ē aʻe morphemic ano. Level loli ke kaumaha ma muli o nā 'ano o kekahi mau' ōlelo.

Ka pākuʻina kau muaʻAno

Inā he hou hua'ōlelo ua i hanaʻia ma ka pepa i ke kumu o ka lakou mau hooluolu mai ia, ua e kamailio e pili ana i ke kaʻina o nā prefixes. Akä naÿe i ke kau hope paha, pākuʻina kau ana 'ano apau loa hou lexical huahelu i loko o ka hookahi hapa o ka olelo. No ka mea 'ōlelo Lūkini ka hoʻohana' ana i nā hana kuʻuna iaoia o ka derivation o ka verb. No kekahi laʻana: e kuke - kukeʻana - hoʻomākaukau hoʻi; kākau - hoailona - unsubscribe etc.

I loko nō o ka 'ano he ākea i kēia' ano, pinepine prefixing ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka huipūʻana me nā' ano o ka olelo ho okumu. Muli o kona kulana pinepine, ia suffixes, postfiksatsiya a me na mea e ae.

Ke me ka hui pu ana o suffixes, prefixes a me postfiksatsii

Hoikehonua hua'ōlelo ho okumu ua wehewehe aku e ka i ka wā hoʻokahi 'ana o nā hua'ōlelo a me suffixes, prefixes, a me ka' ē aʻe like nā koho e like me kekahi mau pu malu ana ia mea. Ma ka 'ōlelo' Lūkini distinguishes ma waena o nā kēia kiʻina hana:

• Prefixal-kau hope. Ka hou hua'ōlelo Ua hana ka poʻe me ke kōkua o nā prefixes a me suffixes. No ka laʻana, ke alanui - plantain; palena - huakaʻi i ke kai.
• Postaffixal. Ka muli o ka hou hua'ōlelo ma ka pepa postfix: Xia, -or, someday, -So olelo etc. No ka laʻana, kekahi - kekahi - kekahi ..
• Prefixal-Postaffixal. Ma keia hihia, he hou hua'ōlelo ua hanaʻia e ka pākuʻina kau a me ka postfix ka poʻe. Loa pinepine, pela i koho mea i loaʻa i loko o ka hookahi hapa o ka olelo. Alaila, ma ia he alanui ia mea hiki derivation o ka haʻiʻano, ka haʻiinoa, verbs, etc. No ka laʻana, ke kāhea - kāhea aku; hiamoe - hiamoe a me na mea e ae.
• Suffixal Postaffixal. I ka hua'ōlelo 'ōili mai ka poʻe me ke kau hope a me ka postfix. No ka laʻana, lapuwale - fuss; kanaka - o ka ahakanaka. Derivation o verbs - ka wale wahi i loko o ka 'ōlelo Lūkini, a hoʻohana i kēia hana.
• Prefixal-kau hope-Postaffixal. Kēia Lolina Ua wehewehe aku ma ke kahua o ka hou hua'ōlelo ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā suffixes, prefixes a me postfiksatsii. No ka laʻana, i hamumu iho - hāwanawanaʻana; kamaʻilio - olelo.

Kēia mau 'ano o ka olelo ho okumu ka loaʻeleu,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Lūkini, akā, me ka nui no hoi na' ōlelo.

Eia hou kekahi

Muli o kona kulana, he pono ole no ka Lūkini 'ōlelo' o ke alo o ka hou, e like me ke ala o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu. Ma keia hihia i ka hou lexical mokuna akaka like me ka hopena o ka hoʻohuiʻia elua a oi i koho hua'ōlelo i loko o kekahi apana. Ke kaumaha ma muli mea olelo i hui, a i ke ala, hoomaopopo i ka hope o ka papa kuhikuhiE aoao o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu ma ka mea o ka hou.

• Stem-. New lexical 'ikamu hou ma hope o ka hou ana o elua a oi hua'ōlelo me ka lawe o ka interfiksa. Ma keia hihia ka mea, o ka hope nui ke keʻena o ka pu. No ka laʻana, fertilized, etc. kela la i keia.
• Hou ana o elua a oi mau olelo, wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka lula 'like. No ka laʻana, he puneʻe moe, ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina a me kekahi poe e ae.

Hou 'Imi hoʻohana ma Lūkini a me nā' ōlelo 'ē, a me nā mea loa pinepine kuleana no ka derivation o ka haʻiinoa a me verbs.

hua h ÷ ailona

A hana o ka ho okumu i, i mea ka manao o ka hoailona hou ka hoʻohana 'ana splicing wale i kaʻai'ē aʻe olelo, kapa ailona. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka iaoiaeii a me ka hui pu ana, o ka hiʻona i hoʻohana māhele o ka olelo, ma laila e hahai ailona:

• Initially. Ma keia hihia, hou hua'ōlelo nuʻu mua ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o ke kanaka mea kani-a palapala. Alaila, ka loiloi mua ailona i e audible (e laʻa me, moena, kula) 'ole ke Kaʻina (e laʻa me, NLO, LPG listen'ōlelo.).
• Syllabary. Kēiaʻano komo ai i ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā māhele o kekahi mau hua'ōlelo (e laʻa me, Oihana hale kūʻai, e piele lakou hui ana listen'ōlelo.).
• I hui pūʻia. Kēiaʻano mea he huihui 'ana o ka loiloi mua hapa o lakou iho i kekahi lexical naehana a me nā huahelu e oo (e laʻa me, uku, hoao ana, etc.).

Ailona mea pakahi aku la ia i pili i loko o ka ke kālā no lexicography, no ka mea,'ānō, he he hualoaʻa a au me ka pili ana i kaulike i kā mākou miomio a me conciseness o ka 'ōlelo.

Nemorfemnye 'ano o ka olelo ho okumu

Like no ka hana o ka hou lexical naehana me ka hoʻohana 'ana o morpheme, laila, ma laila nō ka hope o ka papa kuhikuhiE aoao o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu:

• Lexical a me ka syntactic.
• Morphological a me ka syntactic.
• Lexical-semantic.

Ma na hoopii, hou hua'ōlelo hou aie i ka hoʻololi o kekahi hapa o ka olelo i kekahi, a me ke kuʻi nukeliu o ka dismemberment o ka lexical manaʻo o nā hua'ōlelo ma ka kanaka eiiiiiaiou.

Lexical a syntactic ala

Kēia AOAIAaOO i haawi ia ia e like me coalescence, no ka mea, i nā hua'ōlelo hou ma keia hihia e hana ma ke kuʻi nukeliu o kekahi hopuna'ōlelo. Ua hiki aku i ka mea e hoʻololi i wale i ka lexical ano o ka olelo, kona syntactic kūlana akā, no hoi. No ka laʻana, evergreen - evergreen: hehena iho - hehena listen'ōlelo.

Loa pinepine e kaukaʻi lexical pa alima hana me ka adverb, a me ka loa pinepine mea he kuʻi nukeliu o ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu ana o ka haʻiʻano a me participles. Synonyms o kēia mau lexical naehana meaʻokoʻa i loko o ia mea, i ka makau kuhohonu ana a me ka ikaika hoonoho papa ana i kona wahi.

Morphological a syntactic ala

Kēia Lolina Ua wehewehe aku ma ke kahua o ka hou hua'ōlelo ma ka hoololi ana i kekahi hapa o ka olelo i kekahi. ʻO kēia subtypes o keia hana:

• Substantivation. Ke hoʻololi mai kekahi hapa o ka'ōlelo i loko o ka noun. No ka laʻana, he alakai akamai a me ka poʻe koa o ka hōʻike, he eha kinai a me ka malie a me kekahi poe e ae eha.
• Adjectivization. E neʻe mau māhele o ka olelo adjective. No ka laʻana, he novice mea hoolea, etc. hooluu papaʻaina.
• Adverbializatsiya. Hele i ka noun i loko o ka adverb. No ka laʻana, ma ka hoʻoilo kakahiaka - i ke kakahiaka, e hiki mai ana.

Aia nō i nā koho no morphological a me ka syntactic hana. Kēlā me kēia 'ōlelo i kona mau ano, hoʻokaulike nā koho a me kiʻiona hiʻona.

Lexical-semantic iaoia

Ma keia hihia, hou lexical 'ikamu hou ma hope o kekahi mau' hua'ōlelo mahae kona kumu waiwai, a me ka loaʻa keu. No ka laʻana, ke ukali - nā like me ka hoa, a me ka lani kino; titanium - he mythical kanaka nunui a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a he nui na mea e ae. Ke'ī mai, me ka 'ole o ka' ōlelo hua'ōlelo loli aʻe ma muli o ke oko a ana i ka olelo semantics.

No ka derivation no hoi e pono ai i kekahi mau rula a me aʻo Kīwala'ō o kaʻike manaʻo elua paha mea. He pinepine Pono loa he wahi lihi iki o ka manawa.

Word ho okumu ma English

Ieoaeunoai o hou hua'ōlelo ma ka olelo Beritania ua lawe mai ia ma kekahi aoao. Mea maʻa mau, linguists maopopo compounding a me derivation like me ka olelo ho okumu ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia. I ka papaʻaina ma lalo wehewehe keia:

Like no ka compounding, a laila, i kēia iaoiaeii mea ano o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo. Like, ma ka olelo Beritania i hanaʻia, ke kokoke i kekahi wahi o ka olelo. No ka laʻana, e blackmail, loira, pouli-uliuli, KoʻOlau listen'ōlelo. Derivation wehewehe aku ma ke kahua o kekahi'ē aʻe lexical naehana. Ua hiki ke hoʻokōʻia ma ka hoʻololi 'ana i kekahi hapa o ka olelo i kekahi (pane - e pane), loli ma ka stress makahiki (e kue ana - e kue ana), ka alternation o kani (aʻo - e kuhikuhi) a affixation hoʻohana prefixes a me suffixes. Ke me ka hui pu ana o ka hoʻololi - ka mea, o ke kumu, a loaʻa i ka olelo ho okumu ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia. Table mea hōʻike.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ala e hoʻonui hua'ōlelo - he derivation, a i kona hoi na mea makau a me na hiʻona ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi o ka olelo. Ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu ana o hou lexical naehana ole aɃe, a i kona mau kiʻiona hiʻona i loko o kekahi 'ōlelo.