I ua hua mai la mai ka lanahu a me ka aila, a pehea e hana ia?

Inā e kahaha no mea ua hua mai la mai ka lanahu a me ka aila, i mākou ke hele mai i ka hopena i kekahi puu. Mau nā minelala hao mau e hoʻohana i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o hydrocarbons. a pau ma ka mea e e noonoo.

ka aila

Oil mea he wāwahie wahie, wehewehe aku ma ka pouli eleele waihoʻoluʻu a me kiʻekiʻe nuʻa. Ma kona Kora naʻEsau, keia mea he luna 'hui o ka waiwai,ʻano nui, ia mea kinowai hydrocarbons. Ma o ka haku mele 'ana o kaʻaila mea he naphthenic, paraffinic a me ka onaona. Eia naʻe ka hapanui o pinepine oe hiki ke 'imi i ka huina hoonui o ka hui type. Kaawale mai hydrocarbons i ka aila haku mele 'ana kekahi mau impurities o ke aloha luaipele i huiʻia me ka oxygen e like me ka wai me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe makanekiuma a me ka kalipuna paʻakai.

'Aʻole ke hoʻokoe' a me ka maʻiʻo o ka puaʻa hiwa i loko o ka palapala o ka lepo a me ke one. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i kaʻaila ka maikaʻi ma mua o lanahu, ia mea ma laila, e olelo aku e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka maka mea e paka acee? Iuo oeiia o kiʻekiʻe-kbps Hawaii mōʻalihaku. Ma hope iho o ka huikala ana o ka wai a me ka 'ē aʻe undesirable impurities aaioee hana i kēia' ano o nā kumu waiwai i. Kēia ia lŘlŘʻano nui ma ka distillation. Ua Ua nānā ma ka like moe hoolapalapa hydrocarbons i komo i loko o kona haku mele 'ana.

Pehea o ka distillation

Mai kaʻaila i loko o na haneri o kekahi i huiʻia, he nui no a he kokoke lawa baila aʻela i wahi, kaawale ana o kanaka hydrocarbons mea aneane hiki ole i. Nolaila, kaawale o kaʻaila ua lawe mai ma ka distillation i mahele i paila ma luna o ka loa akea ana wela huahelu. At ano o wela ka aila ma ka distillation ka mea, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i loko o eha mahele: he kakolina diesel (180-350 ° ^C), kerosene (120-315 ° ^C) kakolina (30-180 ° ^C) a me ka wahie kaʻaila, e like me ka mea i koe ma hope o ka nohoʻana. Inā 'oe e hoʻomau e kamailio e pili ana i ua hua mai la mai ka lanahu a me ka aila, e pono ke kūʻai' ana i kumumanaʻo i kela a me keia o kēia mau eiiiiiaiou i loko o ka oi hoʻokolokolo pono distillation hiki ke maheleia i loko o ke ahiahi uuku mahele. No ka laʻana, he hapa o ke kakolina i loaʻaʻaila kā me Etera, a me ligroin, nae, kakolina. Ka mea mua iloko ona i kakauia i loko o kona haku mele 'ana a me ka pentane hexane, ai ka mea lilo i'ūheheʻe maikaʻi no ke kēpau, a bipi kūpaluʻia.

eiiiiiaiou

Ke kakolina haku mele 'ana e unbranched paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons mai' o Dean e pentane, cycloalkanes a me benzene. Hope kupono aaioee ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia no kaʻa a me ka aeronautical na'ā engine like wahie. Naphtha, a komo pū nō kerosene a me hydrocarbons hoʻohana i wahie no ka kau iho a me ka paio hahana maoli nō nā mīkini home no ka hale hana. I ka nui mea, kerosene ua hoʻohana i wahie no rockets a me ka mokulele hēkī mokulele.

Inā ike hou i loaa mai ka lanahu a me ka aila, i mea e olelo aku e pili ana i ka refinery kakolina diesel mahele, a IeAUPIIe, IAa IO lawelawe 'ana i wahie no ka kakolina diesel kiko'ī. Ka wahie aila haku mele 'ana maupaʻa kiʻekiʻe-baila aʻela i hydrocarbons. By distillation ma lalo hoemi puʻe o ka wahie aila ua nō kāu loaa lubricatingʻaila likeʻole mau hana. Ke koena, ma hope a he mea wahie aila aaioee e ana i kapa sludge. Mai keia ua loaa ia ia ka waiwai me bitumen. Mau huahana i 'ohi' ana i alanui no? Ieoaeunoaa. Wahie aila ua pinepine hoʻohana like me ka ieoaeunoai wahie.

Other ano o ka aaioee

E maopopo maikaʻi ma mua o ka aila o ka lanahu, ia mea pono e loaʻa mai nā mea 'ē aʻe'āpana hana e ka mea, i ke kanaka me ia. Oil ua hoʻokō 'ia ma ka ńlua, oa thermal catalytic huli ana o kona wahi. Hi ohia hiki e kekahi o na penei ke ano:

• Thermal. Ma keia hihia, ke splitting o hydrocarbons ua lawe mai ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kiekie ana wela.
• Catalytic. Ua Ua lawelawe 'ia ma kiʻekiʻe mahana, nae, o ka nui hōʻeleu ua pākuʻi, e ka mea hiki i ka pāʻana i ke kaʻina a me ka malama ia i loko o kekahi ao ao.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i kaʻaila ka maikaʻi ma mua o lanahu, ka mea e e olelo ana i ka poe i hana i kaʻuʻina o unsaturated hydrocarbons, i loaʻa akea palapala noi i loko o ka hanalima hoʻololi kemikala o ke aloha 'ona.

lanahu

Aaioee o keia maka mea ua hua mai la i ka ekolu aoao: hydrogenation, carbonization a kāpili'ā. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau komo ai i ka hoʻohana 'ana o kekahi kūikawā kaʻina.

Coking komo ai i loaa i ka maka mea i loko o ka Coke mau imu ma ka wela o 1000-1200 ^{° C} me ka hookipaia ana o ka oxygen. Kēia kaʻina apono 'no ka huikau Nine Inch loli' i ka hopena, e ia i ke kahua o ka Coke, a yiaeaiiacaaeneiie huahana. Ka mea mua i loko o ka ho'ēmi iho moku'āina ua hoouna mai ai i na hana o ka metallurgy. Ke yiaeaiiacaaeneiie huahana e ho'ēmi, ma hope i ka loaa ammonia wai a me ka lanahu hohono. Aia mau nō ka hailona o non-Punk waiwai. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka maikaʻi ma mua o lanahu no ke aha la kaʻaila, ka mea e e kaulana ia, mai ka mua maka mea ua loaa nui aku pau huahana. Kēlā me kēia no ka 'ona ua kauoha ia i ka kekahi? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Ma ka manawa, ka mea i hoi i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka aila mai ka lanahu, a 'oi aku ka nui aku waiwai wahie.