Ka 'ole o ke kanaka akemāmā

Kanaka ia maʻiʻaʻai i kekahi o ka mea nui nā loko i ka mea nui i kona ola. Hanu manao no laila, ma kona ano maoli, akā, maoli i ka mea i loko o ko mākou kino, he mau luna 'keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hōʻoia' mākou 'eleu. E maopopo maikaʻi ia, oe e ike i ka 'ole o ka mea ia maʻiʻaʻai.

Ma ha ea hele ma nā bronchi, a i kaʻokoʻa 'ole. Haʻalele hou ma mua o ka akau, akā, ka mea no laila, pinepine he haole kino komo i ka ÷ naehana hanu'ōnaehana ma ka bronchus akau. Kēia mau kino i ramifications. I komo i loko o ka akemāmā akau ua manamana ai i loko o ekolu, a ua haʻalele no 2 ke ano, a hoʻopili like me ka helu o ke akemāmā lobes.

Ka 'ole o ka maʻiʻaʻai ka loa huikau, no ka mea, ma loko o ia ka mea bronchi lala mai i na mea he nui ka poe liilii, segmental bronchi. I huli ai oe, ka mea, e hele i loko o ka lobular bronchi i komo i loko o nā lobules o na ia maʻiʻaʻai. He paʻakikī i ka noonoo ana i ka 'ole o ka mea ia maʻiʻaʻai, i ka ike ole i ka nui o lobular bronchi mea i loko o ia (aia nō ma kahi o 1000). Vnutridolevye bronchi i mai i 18 lala (maʻi bronchioles) i e ole i loko o kā lākou mau pā pōhaku cartilage. Kēia mau maʻi bronchioles nāna i hana i ka mall ke keʻena o ka malamalama - acinus.

Ka 'ole o ka maʻiʻaʻai ka hiki pono ke aʻo, ka mea he acinus hoʻomaopopo. Kēia mall pa alima mea he iiiaanoaa o alveoli (nā mea loaʻa naehana bronchioles). Lākou mau pā i kinoea mail mea kūpapakū, a me ka wahi i ka piha inhalation e hiki 100 sq.m. Ka nui loa o aku i kā lākou mau naehana ili ia lŘlŘ i hoʻokō '.

Bronchopulmonary Hoʻohana o ka hapa o ke akemāmā lobe, i ua ventilated bronchi 3 mea o ka ai manamana ai lobe bronchus. Kēlā me kēia mea, i ka hookaawale broncho-vascular pedicle (artery a me ka bronchus). Segmental 'ole o ke akemāmā i, ua hoikeia ma ka papa o ka nui o ka? Acaeoey o ka lāʻau a me kaʻoki kino. Ka'ākau akemāmā 10 Hoʻohana, a ma ka hema - 8. No ka mea i ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka mahele o ka pulmonary bronchopulmonary Hoʻohana, ua lilo i mea hiki ke wehe i ka loli māhele o ke kino a me kā mākou mālama 'ana o kona ola wahi.

Ma keia kino e maopopo ma waena o nā kēia surfaces: mediastinal, diafragmentalnuyu, iwiʻaoʻao. I ka mediastinum i ka ai-kapaia "puka". Ma ia, na ia maʻiʻaʻai i bronchi, arteries, a me nä olonä, a me ka haʻalele i ka ipu lymph, a me ka pulmonary aa koko. A pau i kēia mau hale a i ai-i kapaia "kumu o ke akemāmā."

i hoʻokaʻawale nā maʻiʻaʻai i Groove o kekahi hohonu a me kona loa. Ka mea, kaʻana like i ka'aʻaʻa a hiki i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai lakou puka. Aia i 3 lobe o ka akemāmā akau (lalo, luna, waena) a me 2 hema (papalalo, luna). Lower lobes i ka nui loa.

Ka 'ole o ka malamalama, e e kāpili, a hookaawale ia visceral pleura e uhi kēlā me kēia akemāmā māhele' āina a me ka aa ke ano "parietal leaflet" naʻau i nā paia o ka thoracic lua. Ke aupuni 'therebetween slit-e like lua, he hapa no i ua kapaia sinuses (ke aupuni' ma waena o parietal, ahu iho). Ka nui pleural sinus noʻonoʻo costophrenic (ka mea maʻalahi maka, e hina ia i ka hoʻoulu).

Ke 'ole ua hikiwawe wehewehe ma ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana' ia i loko o ia i ha. Ma keia kino 2 hoomaopopo vascular'ōnaehana: he uuku kaiapili (oia hoi o aa koko a me arteries, komo i loko o ke kinoea mail), nui holo (oia hoi o bronchial arteries a me aa koko, ka hoopakele ana arterial koko no ka pūnao a me ke ola kākoʻo maʻiʻaʻai iho). Ma ke ano o ko lākou mau ai manamana ai pulmonary aa koko like i ka artery, akā, e oko i loko o kā lākou variability. Ka mea, i ke kumu o ka capillary pukapuka lobules, interlobular connective'aʻaʻa, bronchial paipu a me ka visceral pleura. No ka mea, o ka capillary latike hana interlobular aa koko merging pu. O ka poe i hana nui aa koko e holo ana ma ka bronchi. O ka pololei a me ka segmental aa koko ma kela a me keia malamalama mau aa koko i hana: o ka luna, a malalo (lākou nui like 'ole ĸokoĸa ana nä pane loa). Ka mea, hāʻule 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu i loko o ka atrium hema.

I ka helu o ka bronchial arteries mea impermanent. Ua papa koa mai ka 2 a hiki i 6. I ka 50% o ka hihia i loko o kānaka, he 4 bronchial arteries hiki uniformly i ka hema, a me ka pono nui bronchus. Ka mea, e ole wale na arteries o ka bronchi, i haawiia mai lālā iʻokoʻa nā loko o ka mediastinum. Omaka'ākau arteries aia i loko o ka'aʻaʻa o ka esophagus, a me ka trachea, a ma lalo o ka mua (ma waena o ka lymph aka wahi). Haʻalele artery aia i loko o ka'aʻaʻa ma lalo o ka trachea, a ma lalo iho o ka aortic e pio. Loko o ka akemāmā artery i loko o ka'aʻaʻa ma ka bronchi a, ai manamana ai mai, pāʻani i ka pololei kūlana i loko o ke koko lako i ke koena o kona māhele a me pleura. Ma ka naehana bronchioles, e lilo lākou pakiko-waiwai, a hele aku i loko o ka capillary nenoaiu.

O na moku ke koko o na maʻiʻaʻai pili i kekahi i kekahi. Ma waho aʻeo i ka nui capillary ulana pukapuka, a me ka hoomaopopo vneorgannye intraorgan anastomoses, interconnecting ka mau holo.

Ke lymphatic'ōnaehana ninoieo a iniiaiie capillary latike plexus o lymphatic moku i loko o ka hui, kēia, efferent moku, intrapulmonary a me extrapulmonary lymph aka wahi. Hoomaopopo superficial aʻoi lymphatics.

Kumu innervation o na maʻiʻaʻai - nā aʻalolo plexus a mediastinal nui ilpko o hana ma na lala o ke kōkua aloha, vagus, spinal a me ka phrenic nā aʻalolo.