Ka papa likeʻole, mai ka'ōpū i holoholona aeea: + Table texte

He nui no ka kiʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea kanu a me na holoholona originate i loko o ka mall oko ma ke kelepona hele kiʻekiʻe. Ma kekahi eia kekahi lāliʻi i mea ma ka 'ē aʻe, a me ka hope versa. Ma mua o mākou loaʻa i ka papa kuhikuhiE likeʻole ma waena o ka holoholona aeea o ka mea kanu (nānā i papaʻaina ma hope i loko o kēia 'atikala), e ka loaʻa mai i ka mea, i loko o pono ole, a laila, e makaikai i ka mea iaʻokoʻa.

Animals a me nā mea kanu

Oe hunched ma ka noho, ka heluhelu i kēia 'atikala? E ho'āʻo i ka noho i ka pololei, i ka'ō aku i kou lima i ka lani a me ka aeo. Kahalaopuna maikai, ka pono? Ina oe i makemake ia ai ole, akā, oe - i ka holoholona. Kou keena - ia pahee clots cytoplasm, akā, e hiki ke hoʻohana i kou nāʻiʻo a me nā iwi, e ku mai, a neʻe mai a puni. Getorotrofy, e like nā holoholona, i ke e lako mai nā kumu. Inā 'oe manao pōloli a me ka make wai, e pono e wale ala mai, a hele i ka Pahu Hau.

Ano, i ka manaʻo e pili ana i na mea kanu. Hoi i noonoo ai i ka loihi lāʻauʻoka a me ka moku ke kōmi 'o ka mauu. Ka mea, kū pololei, me Muscle a iwi, akā, hiki ole e hoʻolimalima i ka hele, e kuai i ai, a inu hoi. Mea kanu, autotrophs ho okumu kā lākou mau huahana hoʻohana poe ikehu. Haʻalele holoholona keena, mai ka laau i loko o ka papaʻaina №1 (ike ma lalo nei) ua maopopo, aka, aia no i na mea like.

General ano

Plant a me ka holoholona aeee i eukaryotic, a me keia mea he similarity nui. Ka mea, i ka nucleusʻili lahilahi-e paa ana i kekahi mau aaiaoe mea (DNA). Ke kalaka nui-permeable wai kokoʻili lahilahi poai puni i nāʻano o nā keena. Lākou cytoplasm he nui o ka ia māhele, a organelles, a me ka ribosome, Golgi eiiieaen, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria a me peroxisomes, a me na mea e ae. Ia kanu a me ka holoholona aeee i eukaryotic, a i nui i ka pono, ka mea, hoi oko i loko o kekahi mau aoao.

Hiʻona o ke kanu keena

Ano, e na hiʻona mākou noonoo o ke kanu keena. E like me ka hapanui o ia ke kū pololei? Kēia hana i loaʻa ma ka halepaahao pa e poai puni i ka iwi o ka mea kanu keena, ua hoakaka kākoʻo a me ka oolea a me ka pinepine haawi ia i mau huinahń loa a hexagonal helehelena i ka wa a nānā akula au i lalo i ka microscope. A pau kēia mau mall naehana i tougher pololei palapala, a no na mea he nui chloroplasts. Nā pā pōhaku ke e mau micrometers manoanoa. Lākou haku mele 'ana loli aʻe ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pūʻulu o nā mea kanu, akā, ka mea nui iloko o ka kelulose olona, carbohydrate i loko iho i loko o ka'ōpū mai o nā polokina a me nā carbohydrates.

Cell paia kōkua malamaʻi i ka ikaika. Ka puʻe ua loaʻa ma ke omo o ka wai, ka hoʻopukaʻana i kā lākou rigidity a apono 'no ka ulu vertical. Mea kanu mea i hiki ke neʻe mai ka wahi i ka wahi, no laila, e pono e hana i ko lakou mau ai. Organelles kapa chloroplasts kuleana no ka kāʻamaʻai. Plant keena ke komo mau o kēia mau organelles, i kekahi manawa haneri.

Chloroplasts ua hoopuniia e ka papaluaʻili lahilahi, a iloko puʻu o kaʻili lahilahi iwi kuamoʻo ma i hana pigments e ka hoʻokemu Map, a me keia ikehu ua hoʻohana 'ia e ka mana o ka mea kanu. Kekahi o ka loa kaulana nā hale o ka nui kikowaena vacuole. Kēia organelle ninoaaeyao ka hapanui o ka buke, a ua hoʻopuniʻia e kaʻili lahilahi i kapaia ka tonoplast. Ua hale kūʻai i ka wai, e like me ka pono me potasiuma a me ka koloriside Ion. A hiki i ka halepaahao ulu, ka vacuole absorbs wai, a kōkua ana aeea.

Oko ao ka holoholona, mai kanu aeee (Table №1)

Nō hoʻi a me ka holoholona mall naehana i kekahi oko ao a me ka mea like. No ka laʻana, ka mea mua ole halepaahao paia a me chloroplasts, ka mea, ua kokoke mai, a irregularly hoʻokino, oiai o ka mea kanu i ka paa mau huinahń shape. Ua eukaryotic a me ka poe e, naʻe ka mea, i kekahi mau hiʻona, e like me ke alo o kaʻili lahilahi, a organelles (nucleus, mitochondria a me endoplasmic reticulum). No laila, e noonoo i ka mea like a me nä mea ma waena o kanu a me ka holoholona aeee i loko o ka papaʻaina №1:

Animals e ku e kanu

I hiki aku ai i ka papaʻaina "koena unuhi holoholona keena, mai ka mea kanu 'ka hopena? Nā mea eukaryotic. Ka mea, i ka nucleus oiaio, ma ka DNA hookaawale, mai ka 'ē aʻe nā hale o ka nukeleaʻili lahilahi. He mau 'ano i like keʻano o ka hanaʻana i nā'ōlelo, me mitosis a me ka meiosis. Animals a me nā mea kanu e pono ai ikehu, ka mea pono, e ulu, a e malama maʻamau ke kelepona hele hana i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka hanu.

A ma laila, a ma laila nō nā haleʻikeʻia me organelles, i mea hana kūikawā, e hana i kaʻoihana e pono ai no ka maʻamau functioning. Poe ma na oko o ka holoholona aeea ma ka laau i loko o ka papaʻaina i complemented №1 kekahi, he pono ole hiʻona. Ua huli mai i ka mea, i ka hailonaʻana i loko, he pono ole. Aʻo kekahi o ka ia eiiiiiaiou, a me ka Kernel, ke Golgi nakeke, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, a no laila, ma luna o ka poʻe a me ka poe.

He aha ka ka okoa ma waena o ka laau aeea mai ka holoholona?

Table №1 mea like a me nä mea i hōʻike pono pōkole. E noonoo i kēia mau a me nā heluʻai i loko o hou au mamuli.

• Size. Animal keena pele, ua uuku ma mua o na keena o ka mea kanu. Ka mua huahelu mai ka 10 a hiki i 30 micrometers ma ka lōʻihi, oiai ke kanu aeee i ka loa HEN, mai 10 a hiki i 100 micrometers.
• Palapala. Animal aeee e hele mai i loko o kekahi mau nui like 'ole a me ka IeAUPIIe, IAa IO i ka puni a ole shape. Plant oi like me ka nui a me ka, like me ka rula, i he mau huinahń loa paha cubic shape.
• ka ikehu pūnaewele. Animal keena hoahu ikehu i loko o ka palapala o ka luna 'carbohydrate (glycogen). Nō kūʻai i ka ikehu i loko o ka palapala o ka pia.
• Differentiation. e hiki ke neʻe i loko o nā 'ano o nā aeee I holoholona keena wale anei i keena. Ka hapanui 'ano o ke kanu aeee i hiki hoi ke differentiation.
• Ulu. Animal keena hoomahuahua i ka nui no a hiki i ka helu o ke keena. Plant absorbs hou ka wai i loko o ke kikowaena vacuole.
• Centrioles. holoholona keena hoʻohui pū paukūʻolokaʻa nā hale e hoonohonoho i kaʻaha kanaka o nā microtubules i aeea mahele. Nō hoʻi, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO mai no centrioles.
• Cilia. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o holoholona keena, akā, ka mea mau i commonplace i loko o ke kanu keena.
• Lysosomes. Mau organelles pihaʻi me nā'ūhū a hōʻuluʻulu i ka macromolecule. kanu keena kākaʻikahi pihaʻi me lysosomes, i kēia kuleana pili i ua hana ma ka vacuole.
• Plastids. Animal aeee i plastids. Plant keena iloko plastids e like me chloroplasts, i mea e pono ai no ka kāʻamaʻai.
• Vacuole. Animal aeee hiki i na mea he nui uuku vacuoles. Plant aeee i ka nui kikowaena vacuole a hiki lawe mai i ka 90% o ka halepaahao ka leo.

Structurally, mea kanu a me ka holoholona aeee i mea i like loa, ka mea, iloko onaʻili lahilahi-e paa ana organelles e like me ka nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a me nā lysosomes peroxisomes. Ua hoi pihaʻi likeʻili lahilahi, cytosol a me ka cytoskeletal hehee wale. I ka hana o kēia mau organelles i kekahi mea i like loa. Naʻe, ka mea uuku koena unuhi o ke kanu keena, mai ka holoholona (Table №1), a nei ma waena o ia, mea he nui, a ho i ka likeʻole i loko o ka mana o kēlā me kēia halepaahao.

No laila, ua mālama 'ia i ka hoʻohālike o ka mea kanu a me ka holoholona keena, e loaʻa mai i ka mea a ko lakou mau mea like a me nä mea. Ka mea, e like me ka manao o ke 'ole, Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana a me ka haku mele' ana, a me ka māhele o ka aaiaoe kivila.

I ka Ia manawa, i ka uuku o ka mokuna o ka fundamentally okoa ala o kā lākouʻahaʻaina.