Ka pelane "Phantom" (McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II): hōʻike, hoakaka, kiʻi

He nui hakakā mokulele like me ka hopena o kona hana ole, ua poinaʻia no lākouʻilihune quality, a lilo i ka moolelo oiaio, e pili ana i kela poe kanaka, ka poe i ole pili i ka mokulele i ike ahiahi. Ka hope hiki ke wahi like, no kekahi laʻana, mākou IL-2, a me ka mea hope Amelika pelane "Phantom".

Paha ka loa kaulana o nā kaa 'Amelika o 1960-1980 machines, a me kona inoa no na makahiki ua lilo synonymous no a pau US Air Max ikaika. Kona Kahiāuli Ho'ā ua i ka nunui-functionality, a mākou mokulele akamai i loaʻa i ka apana uuku na hope. I mau, ke pelane "Phantom" - ole emi vivid hōʻailona o ke anuanu War, ma mua, no ka laʻana, B-52 Bombers.

A kūikawā hiʻona o kēiaʻano hana ua i hiki e ua kauohaʻia e intercept meakino-huahelu Kao lele lako kaua i loko o ka pōkā pahū Hono o ka mīkini. Interestingly, na wahi lulu analogues, a laila hoʻohana no ka armament o ka MiG-23, ka mea e ikaika reminiscent o ka manao a me ka hana 'ano. Na Pākē i nā mea a pau "he blueprint" i hana mai i kona pelane JH-7. Aʻo Kīwala'ō o ka - ma ole wale helehelena akā, i loko oʻaneʻane'ālike kiko'ī a hiki Radar. 'Aʻole surprisingly, ka "Phantom" - pelane, a kiʻi hiki nō ke' ike i loko o na Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke ma luna o ke kumuhana o nā mea kaua.

Ka hoʻomaka 'o ka ulu

Ka loiloi mua hana hoʻomaka 'ia ma 1953, i ka wa a ka US Air Max urgently hele i ka iki nele o Aey? Acaeoey i loko o ka mahinaʻai o supersonic lawe-ma muli kinai. Ka mua ua i ka paa "McDonnell", ka papahana i aole i hiki maopopo i kō nā koi o ka koa akā. Eia naʻe, ma ke kumu o ka prototype kinai-bomber Ah-1 i hope kukulu.

Eia naʻe, no ka holo pono o ka "mua-kanaka hooeueu ana" i ka ukuia,ʻaʻole i ka pilikia ka manaʻo, akā, i loko o ka loa hooponopono hou i loko o 1955, i ka hua'ōlelo o ka pili no i hou mokulele: i ka mea e ka'akimalala ma ia manawa hoikeia mai ka makemake e i ma mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele maemae lawe-ma muli kinai-interceptor hiki o hiki M = 2, wale nō ke kaua Kao lele lako kaua.

Ma ke ala, nana i ka pelane "Phantom"? Mākou i mua oleloia, "McDonnell". Me ka ho'āʻoʻana, ua hiki ke hana i kekahi mīkini i kō a pau i nā koi o ka Customer kona nā kānakaʻenehana. Na la mahope mai i e ai holomua, i no ku ma ka hana a puni ka honua.

Ka mua prototypes

Ua i loko o ka waena o ke kauwela o ka makahiki hookahi o ka prototype mua, i hoʻokohu 'F4H-1F, a me ka ia i lele ma ka makahiki ekolu i hoʻokumu. Au e noho nei au ma na kumu hoʻohālikelike a o ka hōʻike ke kahu moku, Robert C. Little. Ka mokulele hoʻohana kiko'ī J79-3A (2h6715 kgs), akā, ma hope o ka mua mahuka o kanalima, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoʻololi ia i ka J79-GE-2. He iki hou manawa ma hope, i haawi mai i ka la mahope alanui a hiki i ka palapala J79-GE-2a (2h7325 kgf). No laila, ua he pelane "Phantom" o ka lua o ka kükohu.

I ka makahiki 1960, ka mea, ua i ka piha māmā mooolelo o 2583 km / h. Akā, 'aneʻi Americans hele aku i kekahi mea uuku oaoieei-liana: he mea'opihia keʻena ua injected ma lalo o ka puʻuwai o ka läÿau, o ka wai a me ka ethanol, i' ae 'ka maiau me mīkini peahi uila kōmi' ana a me ka ole i ko lakou thermal luku. Ua hoʻololi 'ia i koho F-4A, i hookuu pono 23 mokulele o keia kükohu.

A pau o ia hoʻohana wale nō no ka holo hoao ana, o ka Amerika Huipuia, i ua loaa ma ka Air Max. Nui, "Phantom" - mokulele (kona Hawaii photo mea i loko o ka 'atikala), ma i nā moʻolelo aole i emi iho ma mua o ke kakini wale nō. Ua haawiia i mākaukau me ka pono o ka US It ua he kŘpa a pōkole manawa, ka mea hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka mooolelo! Inā 'oe e i ike i ka mea nana e like "Phantom" (ka pelane), ka mea e e hiki, e māʻona kā lākou lanakila, ma hope o ka heluhelu i kēia' atikala!

Ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, nā loli

Ke? Iecaianoaaiiie o kēia mau machines Ua hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o December 1960. Ma ka makahiki 1967 la ma ka US Air Max ua ma kahi o 637 mokulele o keia kükohu. A laila, ma luna o ka muli o kēia mau? Ueo i ua hana akamai. Ua Ua a laila hua mai la i emi ma mua o 500 "maemae" "Phantoms", he helu o ka wa kahiko mokulele (koe ka mana batches) pahaohao i loko o ka hou wale nō.

Interestingly, Ua i ka olelo hooholo, e apono i ka "Phantom" hookama me he nunui-kūlana kinai wale i ka 1962. Ma na aoao, ua noonoo ua ua ua hoʻopili me ka holo ana o kēia hui kūkā e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka wā e hiki mai kaʻa. Kekahi mau poʻe akamai mohai koke i ka hana ia i ka hana 'ana i o ka Analog lepo pepehi kinai, oiai kekahi poe Koi ikaika ma luna o ke koho ana o e pili ana maemae kinai enehana, a ma ia manawa i ka loa koi ma ka US Air Max i kekahi.

E noa ka lako a pan a me ka armament

Aerodynamic manao - maʻamau, he haʻahaʻa-eheu, trapezoidal, ano o ke alo o ke pelu ana hooluolu mai. Empennage kahili ae hana e hoʻonui loa i ka ia'ku i ka lewa kahe, a hoomahuahua i ka maneuverability o ka mokulele.

Like ka nui kinai ana o ka makahiki, i ka pelane "Phantom" i ka lahui ulu mechanization, he helu o ka hoʻololi 'ana, he luna o ka UPS nenoaiu. No laila, i ka pelane ke pae ma luna o ka papahele o ka mokulele lawe, hoʻohana wawahi ka makau. Ua hiki ke ku imua o ka pae machines he pāʻumi mai i ka 17 tona. O ka holo ana, i ka pae aku i uka, ua loaʻa wale nō i ka loa i ka hoao ana pailota, pono e manao ana i kona pelane.

I ka manao o ka mīkini ho, ka Radar i hoʻohana HE / APQ-120, a me ka AIM pane luna 'HE / ASQ-26, HE / AJB-7 nenoaiu mea kuleana no ka hoʻokele a me ka pololei mokulele e kuhikuhi mai i ka bombing. E Hoʻihoʻi i hopeʻia phantom pelane F-4 hoʻohana? Ieaoa mark HE / ASQ-9L. Radar pāhawewe ia akulla 'ma ka enemi Radar loaa HE / Apr-36/37 i hoʻomākaukauʻia, no ka kaʻimiʻana REB-pane luna' 'ākeʻakeʻa HE / ALQ-71/72/87.

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka holo-F-4E hoʻokele'ōnaehana nā INS HE / ASN-63, resolver HE / ASN-46 a me ka Radio altimeter kiʻekiʻena HE / APN-155. No ka palapala, a me ka hoʻokele 'ike'ōnaehana mai i ka luna' HE / ASQ-19 ec he transceiver TACAN.

Armament. At eiwa aka wahi F-4 mawaho wehe phantom pelane, e lawe aku i keʻano o nā mea kaua, a me eha SD meakino-huahelu AIM-7 "manu liilii". Aia i ka manawa kūpono o ka mea kaua i loko o ka niches o ka fuselage, ka mokulele hiki i hoʻohana i ka M61A1 kŘkohu mokulele pu (ammunition i ka 1200 puni no ka pū). Ma luna o ka mea, ua palaka me ka puu hae hopeʻia,ʻehu poʻina nalu airborne manaʻo (VAP) ma luna o ka'ēheu Wehe 'ia mai.

Ka pelane "Phantom" ( 'ike i loaʻa he Hawaii photo i loko o ka' atikala) mea hiki ke lawe i ka moku nukelea hopeʻia Ke Ana Hoʻohālike elua: Mk43, Mk.57, Mk.61 a Mk.28. Ka lōʻihi o ke kaupaona ana o ka hāʻina pololei kaua mea e pili ana iʻehiku nā kana, akā, me ia i ka hoʻouka mīkini hiki ke lawe aʻe wale ina ka wahie poʻina nalu i ole ua maopopo a hoʻopiha nō. Kēia mea - kekahi o na ki hewa o keia kükohu, a ua loa maopopo hoikeia ma Vietnam kahi halawai ka Americans me Soviet MiGs. Mākou mokulele towing hana i pili i ke kaupaona a me nā lima he me ka nui loa kiʻekiʻe.

ʻIkepili i? Iecaianoaaiiuo

Release o "Phantom" e hālāwai me ka pono o ka US koa ua mai a hiki i ka makahiki 1976 (ua hāʻawiʻia mai i ka huina o ma kahi o 4,000 mokulele, a 1,300 hele aku la i ka Moana i ka pono i). Eia hou kekahi, no ka mea, ma kahi o kekahi, a me ka hapalua tausani kaa haawiia no ka mea hoʻolilo. Akā, eia ka mea, e kaulana e ia kekahi o ka hoʻolilo kaa i hoololiia 'ana mai o ka Moana / Air Max.

Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i ka pelane F4 "Phantom" Ua lilo kekahi o ka loa hanohano i loko o ke kaiaulu o ka mokulele hēkī ikaika o ia manawa, i wale e hoʻokele i ka paka oi aku mamua o elima tausani'āpana. Eia hoi, mai ka makahiki 1971 a hiki i ka makahiki 1980 ma Iapana kūkulu 138 mokulele, o ka ae ia kope o ka 'Amelika "Phantom", oko a mai ke kumu o mana kekahi loli ma o ka haku mele' ana o ka armament a me avionics.

oaoieei-ano

Ka huina wingspan ua 11,7 mika, ka lōʻihi o ka fuselage - ua 5 mika, ka'ēheu āpana o 49,2ʻahā like mika 19,2 m, i kā mākou kiʻekiʻe o ke kino. I kā mākou lawe-ae la i ke kaupaonaʻana kaulua mai ka 25 a hiki i 26 tona. Blank pelane F 4 "Phantom" (me ka wahie, a kaulia ana i na mea kaua) kaupaona 13.760 kg ma ka maloko wahie poʻina nalu wahie neo? Aaiiai? Eono tons, eha tons hiki e ninini i loko o ka wehe poʻina nalu.

Hawaii a me ka holo ana ano

E like me ka mana kanu Turbojet hoʻohana elua GE. Ke Ana Hoʻohālike no hoi he mau: J79-GE-8 (me ka i kā mākou hou 7780 kgf), J79-GE-17 (kiʻekiʻe loa traction ano o ka mea i 8120 kgf).

I ka manawa, i ka pelane "Phantom", ka oaoieei-ano o i mea i loko o ka 'atikala, lilo iho la i ka moolelo o ka US Air Max no ka mea kumu i kona holo ano, ua hana pono. Mokulele hiki e hōʻeleu i ke 2300 km / h, i ka i kā mākou achievable hana punohu kiekie i 16 i ka 600 mika, hoʻonui hoʻonui - 220 m / s, i ka holo huahelu o 2380 ei.

Ka lōʻihi o ka runway mua lawe-ae la i ua 1340 mika, a me ka ke peleki pāʻana parachute no ke kaʻa ua loa papani iho la i 950 mau mika. Ma mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele, a hoʻohana i ka makau, he Amelika pelane "Phantom" noho no ma kahi o 30-40 mika. I kā mākou mämä holo overload kā oiai e hiki ana, ua 6,0G.

Ka manaʻo nui a me ka hakakā hoʻohana

Americans mau loa leʻaleʻa o ka pelane "Phantom" (nā 'ano o ka a mākou i hōʻike mua), e like me ka pa alima o keia kumu hoʻohālike no ka lōʻihi manawa i koe i ka iniiaiie' ano o ka lewa superiority Air Max a me Moana. Ka mua ike hakakä hoʻohana o ka Episode i wahi ma April 2, 1965, i ka kaua ma Vietnam. Ka I airplanes oʻalo me ka MiG-17F, i i haawiia i North Vietnam i loko o mākou'āina i kēia palapala.

Mai 1966, i kū'ē i ka Episode Ua komo ka MiG-21F, i hoolako i ka USSR. Air Max a me ka US Moanaʻana i "Phantom" e koke lanakila ea superiority, mai kā lākou mauʻaoʻao ua muli o kona kulana ikaika ma-papa kaua, kiʻekiʻe-kbps Radar, e like me ka pono a me ka hoʻonui moku peʻa māmā holo. A pau kēia mau ana i ka manaolana no ka pono nā hualoaʻa dogfighting.

Pono a me ka keakea

Akā, ma ka mea e huli mai ia i loko o ka hookui hookahe koko ana a me ka maneuverability ano o 'Amelika Kekoa he ole loa mahalo. Ka mea, i ka haʻahaʻa ana ma luna o ka eheu manaʻo no ka nui hana ana haawe, kona kūlana he hoololi ma ka overload kapu (6.0 e ku e 8,0 ma MiG). Ua loaʻa Ua hoi i Amelika kaa uuku huli huina iki lalo mea hiki pēpēʻana. E hookomo oe-i-ke kaupaonaʻana mea kaua mai Soviet mokulele i kekahi maikaʻi.

Nā pono nā kokololio hoʻonui (likeʻole me ka MiG - ma kahi o ehiku kekona no ka Americans), ka mīkini e loaaʻi ka kiʻekiʻena koke, kā mākou mau pailota e mahalo ana kūpono i kaʻike pono mai ka cockpit trophy "Phantoms" a me ke alo o ka lua o ka poʻe holomoana. Hope offloads ka hapanui o ka ke kahu moku, e like me ka mau kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka wahi o ka hope hemisphere, a hiki aku i ka luna o ka make māinoino i kaua kipi ma laila.

Other wahi o ka hakakā i

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka lilo i ka loa efficient moku o ka Vietnam Kaua i ka ke kahu moku, a me ka hoʻokele S. Ritchie C. Bellevue, ma ka mooolelo kaua ana, e like me ka Americans lakou iho, he mau mea elima Wiekanama MiGs. Mai ka hopena o 60-ies o ka kükohu mokulele hoomaka ae la e massively Neʻe i kaʻIseraʻela allies o Amerika. E like me kekahi hapa o kaʻIseraʻela Air Max machines ua ai lakou ia lakou iho loa pono.

Akā, hiki ma laila, ma ka hookui hookahe koko ana a me Aigupita MiG-21, i noho ma ka helm o ka Soviet pailota, loaʻa mai i ka ia drawbacks. Ka pilikia mea nui ia i hoʻokumu 'ia i kaʻIseraʻela i loko o kona mokuna i ke kala o Farani, ikaika "Kealialia liu", a no keia mea, e ole i hoowahawaha mai i kaʻaihue i kauwahi o ka oaoieei-palapala kuhikuhi. I ka wā e hiki mai, i refocused "Phantoms" no ka hoʻoponopono 'i ka lele aku la i ho'āʻo i ka mokulele o keia palapala, e Makuakane me kekahi hoopii.

Naʻe, na pailota lakou iho i ua mai keia pīhoihoi mai "Phantoms" Ua hoʻohana like kīmopō kaa, e hali ana i kekahi 'pohō (i ka 70% o ka'auwaʻa o ka hi). Hou, ka mea, ua ukuia a hiki i keia mea mea e kiʻekiʻe 'oihana ano o ka Aigupita pailota, a me nā mākau maikai o ka Soviet hooponopono o Soviet Sama no hoi ia.

Hope Kekoa i hoʻohana 'ia i ke kaua ma waena o Iran a me Iraq (1980-1988 makahiki), akā, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi lāliʻi o ko lākou hakakāʻana i loko o kēlā mau makahiki nō kona mau helehelena. Eia naʻe, ma ka manawa o ka mua dogfight ma waena o airplanes a me helicopters, i ka wa a ka Mi-24 ua hiki ke kikeke mai Iraqi air max hooukaia mai i kona "Phantom" Kao lele lako kaua "ea-i-ea."

Ua ua iʻike ia i ka 2012 o ka Air Max Suria pana aku la ia ia i kekahi "Phantom" Tureke, a i ka hope hoʻohana like me ka scout.

Kekahi poe akamai ma ke kahua o ka lako a pan a me ka mea kaua e manaoio i ka pelane "Phantom" - US kinai-bomber "kolu" hanauna, i ka manawa o kona hanaia'na seriously smogshy mamua o kona manawa. Kekahi o na elue no ka mea, he manao nei, no ka mea, ke kükohu i Ua loa holomua, a me kekahi o kona ano koe mahalo a hiki i kēia lā.

I kēia lā i kēiaʻano o ka mokulele noho i loko o ka Air Max: Aigupita (ma kahi o elua kakini kaa), i ka Helene, he mea e pili ana i kanalima modernized "Phantoms", oa ka mea, i kekahi i loko o Iran, akā, i ka'Ilana mokulele hoʻi a hiki i ka 60 la makahiki o ke kūkuluʻia, a me ka helu o ka i koe iho ka pomaikai machines iKE oLE IA. Ua hoʻohana i ka ia 'ano o ka mokulele Tureke, kahi i na mea kaua i ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima modernized "Phantoms", South Korea (ma kahi o kanalima), Japan (hoʻokahi haneri mokulele). It E e hoʻomaopopo i ke Kepani i hoʻohana Eia kekahi laʻana o kona kūkulu iho, o ka a mākou i kau aʻela ma luna nei.

kēia kuanaʻike

I kēia mau lā ka i koe USAF machines massively hōʻano hou 'ia i loko o loa hawewe drones, e like me Radio-lāʻau pale kaua papahana no ka aʻo air max a me ka ea pale luina ho. Americans kākau i ka hope "kanaka" holo Episode "Phantom" i wahi ma ka hapalua like-April 2013 (Ua haawiia i ka holo ana ma luna o ka US ?? eoi?). Ma mua o ka "hope o ka Mohicans" Ua noʻonoʻo i ka mīkini me ka huelo helu 68-0599, i kona holo ana i ka waihona ipu i loko o ka Mojave Desert January 18, 1989, a mai lele mai.

Akā,'ānō, i ka US Pale Kaua Oihana Wānana hoʻi i koke ka "Phantoms" a pau, ma ka manawa ma ka pūnaewele e e wehe mai i ka mālama o ka nuipa a e kukulu hou. Ua ua ike ia, me ka i keia la, me ka pūnaewele i ua wehe 'ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 316 kaa o kēiaʻano.

He aha e mea, hana me ka "Phantom"?

'Amelika hui BAE Systems ua hana ma ka overhaul o ka mokulele a me kā lākou mahope ke ano e ana ma ka Radio-lāʻau pale umauma hoʻokahi QF-4C. Ua ua ike ia e ho'ōla nō e haawiia ma luna o nā mea a pau kaa i ka 82nd Squadron kaʻawale Radio-lāʻau pale (Aerial pale Squadron - ATRS). I ua ka nānā 'ana i loko o Hawaii.

Ikeia ma luna o kona maka, "Lopaka" mokulele hiki e eaaei kaulana, mai ka mea mau, mahope mai o ka pau ana o na eheu, a keel e pena i ka aahu ulaula ano ( 'oe ke' ike i loko o ka Hawaii photo ka pelane "Phantom" o kēia 'ano o ka' atikala). Ua ua ua ike e pili ana i ka hui i haneri kauoha, a ma lalo o? Ieoaeunoai huahelu. Waiwai ia huli ana no laila, i ka mīkini hiki ke hoʻohana i hakakā.

E ÷ ike i ka hakakā uea 'o ka hoohuli ia lakou, "Phantoms" ma January 2008 ma ka moku i kekahi o kēia mau ÷ Launch ua mua i rockets "ea-aina". Ua Ua manaoio aku ia i loko o ka hoohuliia mai UAV mokulele hiki ke kuleʻa hoʻohana, e uhi i kaʻenemi ka ea pale 'ana. 'Aʻole nō naʻe i ka ka hoʻokōʻana o ka enehana ia iho, i ke poho o ka pailota ma kā lākou ka mimikiʻino, e hana, a e hoola i ka ola o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa poʻe hoʻoholo moku.

Loa paha, i loko o ka kekahi makahiki, ka polokalamu "Phantom" i "kanaka a holo" E e hope haalele iho mai ka hana i loko o nā'āina a pau, kahi a na machines mea nō ma ka hana. A laila, nānā i ke kaʻao mīkini hiki e kekahi ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha a me ka wā kipa ponoi mokulele ohi. Eia hoi, ke kiʻi pelane "Phantom" oe, e mau e hiki ke ike ma nā 'aoʻao o kēia pepa.

No i ko kakou mau pailota i ka manawa e Loiloi i ka trophy "Phantoms." Ua pono e olelo mai la ia i ka poe akamai i Soviet olelo kokua no kēia mīkini i loko o kekahi mau nā hoailona, maopopo 'ana i kumumanaʻo o ka nohona ma Hawaiʻi a pau, maikaʻi uilaʻoe, nanea ana o ka awa pae a me ka hana ana o ke kahu moku. No hoi, "foolproof" Ua maikaʻi-hoʻokumu i loko o ka mokulele o keia kükohu. Ke'ī mai, ma ke awa pae ano, ka mea, ua hiki ole e ho'āla ai i kekahi rocket a kuhihewa hoʻohana mea kauaʻokoʻa. Auwe, e like kekahi manawa hana me mākou MiG pailota, ka mea, ua maluhiluhi oia, hiki wale i hele i ka holo ikaika aku nei ...