Ka ululāʻau, -'anatomia. Kanaka'anatomia o ka laloʻaoʻao, ke kiʻi

Ma ka kanaka kino mooolelo no 206 iwi, ka hapanui o ka a, aole e oi aku i ka nui o kekahi mau cubic kenimika. Most ola a me ka papakaukau iwi i loko o ke kino -'ūhā. Kona 'ole e leie aku iā mākou e hele pololei a me ka ole haule iho. Ma hope o ke kuli femur hoʻohuiʻia i ka tibia a me ka fibula e hana i ka noa lalo lala.

noa haʻahaʻa lala'anatomia

Kanaka'anatomia o ka lalo lala ka loaʻa o ka iwi, nāʻiʻo, ligaments, ami a me ka fascia. Ia mea, ina no e seriously a me ka loa. Akā, no kēia 'atikala mea he uuku hele wale nō i loko o ka wāwae' ole. Pela, ke kanaka haʻahaʻa lala ua maheleia i loko o ka'ūhā, haʻahaʻa wāwae a me ka wāwae.

Ke kumu o ka femur o ka uha iwi. Ua ua uhiia i ka papa nāʻiʻo, ma muli o ia i kekahi kanaka ke hele, e ku, e holo aku au, au a mea 'ē aʻe. Hana ana ma luna o ka loina o ka une lōhai, ka mea hana ma ka ke ki kala a me ka iho. myofibrils'anatomia apono 'ia e hoÿonui ai a me ka palapala, ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka pono o ka meaola.

Na kāna mau 'ōlelo o ka lalo'ūhā - ka tibia a me ka fibula. Ma waena o ia mea, e pili ana i connective hui a me ka'aʻaʻaʻili lahilahi ma a moku kekahi. uhi i kēia? ieoaeunoai me kekahi mau papa ma luna o nā nāʻiʻo i e hele ana ma ka wawae.

Na puupuu wawae a me ka wāwae - ia ka hapa o ke kino i ka meaʻike piʻi mau haawe ana. A kŘpa a uuku hapa o ke poho ma luna iho paʻa i ka pau kino kaumaha (a me kekahi manawa ia e ia i ai i ekolu haneri kilograms). Ka wāwae ninoieo o ka calcaneus, tarsal a me ka metatarsal, e uhi i ka fascia a me nāʻiʻo. Wale no keia wahi koloka lako me ke koko, no laila, i ua mau na nāʻiʻo, ua he lako hou o ka oxygen.

Ke kumu nui 'ole o ke kuli ami

He aha ka mea i mea no ka'anatomia o ke kuli kanaka ami? No ka mea haumāna o ka 'inikua kulanui ma ka makahiki mua o kekahi o ka loa pilikia nīnau, no ka mea, e loaʻa, e hoomanao ana i na hale a mea e i ke ami.
- iwi (me ke kumu);
- Muscle (ana, ka mea, hoʻololi i ke kulana o ka lalo'ūhā);
- na nā aʻalolo a me nā ipu koko (e hooluolu iho i nā'aʻaʻa a hoʻolele 'ike mai i ka lolo a hiki i ka periphery);
- meniscus (hana ami ili);
- ligament (paʻa i nā iwi a pau);

A pau o ka luna eiiiiiaiou o ke ola i ke kanaka e hana ana i harmoniously me he hoʻokahiʻano papa hana. Akā, e pono ke kūʻai "hele hewa" ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokahi ke keʻena, a me ka pahee gait i ole e hele mai.

iwi

Nui iwi o ke kuli ami - he femoral a me ka tibial. Akā, kaawale mai ia he mea no hoi he uuku, ua hoʻokōʻia ka iwi, Aia ke kaʻawale mai ke koena. Ua Ua kapaia ka patella, a kneecap. Ma ka femoral kona kumu hooponopono spherical elevation - condyles i kapa komo iā ia me ka cartilage no ka maikaʻi glide. Ka mea, i ka luna o ke kuli ami. Ka haʻahaʻa ua hana ia e kekahi i lalo ke poo o ka tibia, e uhi i ka cartilaginous'aʻaʻa.

Fibula mea,ʻaʻole lōʻihi lawa e hana i kekahi kukuli ami. Anatomia o ke poo e leie aku oe, e pono i ka tibia no laila, i ka haʻahaʻa wāwae hiki e ke ka ao ka kānaka, mai haawi aku i ka fracture. Mānoanoa o ka cartilage uhi ana i ka articular ili ihoiho elima millimeters. He mea pono e emi i ke kū'ē ikaika, e like me depreciation.

cruciate ligament

E like me ka olelo ma luna, ma ka hou ana i na iwi a me nāʻiʻo he mea ligament. Anatomia o ko lākou nui, hoʻokipaʻia, e like me kēia mau holehole mai ai o ka lole hoopaa i na wahi a pau a hiki i kekahi i kekahiʻano papa hana. E hooikaika i na ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, i ka aoao o na iwi i ka medial a kīloi paʻewa collateral (envelopes) ligament. Ma waena o ka luna, a malalo olelo surfaces hoonohonoho cruciate ligaments. Topographically ke hoomaopopo i ka mua a me ka hope laulau? Aie? Aiiie excessive flexion a me ka hoʻolōʻihi 'ia' ana o ke kuli.

Laulau, ua nui oihana mua o ke ami. Ka mea, stabilize ka mea, i hele hou paa a me ka ae, e pale aku sprains.

Menisci a me kā lākou kuleana pili i

Inā 'oe e nānā i ke kiʻi o ke kuli, i hou i ka iwi ho okumu e ike me na ia liilii. Ua anuanu connective'aʻaʻa me ka ho okumu - menisci. Ka mea, i aia ma waena o ka femur a me ka tibia.

Ua mau ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka menisci:
- he mea ulu i loko o ka wahi o ka ami ili no ka hoi o ka makana maikaʻi o ke kino ke kaupaonaʻana;
- ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kumupaʻa o ke kuli ami a me na ligaments.

I mea e hōʻike i ka kūlana i ka meniscus, ia mea e pono ke manao wale i kekahi mea poepoe i loko ma luna o ke ala apuupuu, palahalaha ili honua. Inā ma waena o ka poepoe, a me ka "plateau" kekahi mea e hiki mai ana, a laila ka meaʻolokaʻa wale aku au. Nature hoowahawaha aku i ka holo, a pela i ka loko o ke ami pono no hoi e nele. Connective'aʻaʻa hoopiha i ka wa waena o na ami surfaces, mahuahua i ko lakou wahi, a mālama aku i excessive wahie. Poino i na menisci mea fraught me ka li nui o ka cartilage ami a me ka luku

nāʻiʻo

Ma ka mua ili o ke ki kala a hiki i ke kuli ami extensor nāʻiʻo. Kekahi o ko lākou hopena ua paa i ka femur paha pelvis, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe hele aku i loko o ka tendons, a ulana pūʻia i loko o ka ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku. Home ma keia pae ana o nāʻiʻo - quadriceps. I ka wa e aelike, i ka wāwae flexes i loko o ka ami.

By hamstring flexor nāʻiʻo i waiho. Ka mea, i hoʻomaka ma luna o ke kāʻei o ka lalo lala, a me ka welau a ma ka ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku i loko o ka palapala o ka tendons. A hiki aku ka mea, he ka ho'ēmiʻana o kēia pae, ai ka uha ka manao.

Nā aʻalolo a me nā ipu koko

Nā aʻalolo olona, arteries a me aa koko like me ka mea ulana pukapuka, o ke ¶ Ulana iho kukuli ami. Anatomia o ka moku ma keia wahi, ua hana ole radically okoa, mai ke koena o ke kino. Artery, aa koko, i ukali ia e mau ala ma ka hope ili o ka hui, krovosnabzhaya mau pale a me ka wāwae.

A malaila no ia mea i ka popliteal nā aʻalolo, i mea he hoomau o ka sciatic nā aʻalolo. A iki ma luna o ke kuli ka mea, ua maheleia i mau māhele, a ma keia ala e iho i ka lalo wāwae a me ka wāwae. Mahalo iā ia, i ka noa lalo lala huli sensory a me ka Hawaii innervation.

Ooieoeiiaeuiuo ho'āʻo ma o ke kuli ami

A hiki aku ka mea, he kuli 'eha, traumatologist pono e loaʻa mai i ke kōkua o ke kino ai' ano a me ka lako e i ka poino, a pehea nui. HeʻAʻole lawa pono e nana i ke kuli ami.

1. ho'āʻo Lachman a me ka poʻe huki symptom. Lawe mai ua hiki ole i ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka poino i ka anterior cruciate ligament, ka wā i ke kiʻi o ke kuli ami. E hana i kēia, i ka hoʻomanawanui ua kau ma luna o kona kua a me iki i wāwae kūlou ma ke kuli kanakolu degere. A laila, i ka Kauka fixes ke ki kala a me ma ka ia manawa ka paipai 'ana i ka pale mua. Inā neʻe mea hiki, alaila, he pua kiele poino.

2. Ke ole-papa hoʻokolohua. Inā no kekahi kumu i ke kauka hiki ole hoʻopā aku i ke ahonui (no ka hoohalike, aole mea he keʻakeʻa nei i loko o ka palapala o ka makua a me ka wai i loko o waena), a alakai i ana o ka nele, i kēiaʻano hana e leie aku e hooholo i ke alo o ka luna 'eha. E hana i kēia, i ka hoʻomanawanui, e moe ana ma luna o kona kua, a me nā lima e paʻa ana i ka iki i wāwae ma hope o ka uha kokoke i ke kuli ami. A laila, i ka luahi e ho'āʻo ana e hoala mai i ka malalo wāwae, me ka straightening ke kuli. Inā ka mea, ke aloha a me ka ua ole 'oni iki ka tibia, ke ligament pōʻino ma laila.

3. Hope sagging hōʻike. I mea e hōʻike poino i ka posterior cruciate ligament, i hiki ole ke hana X-na kukuna o ke kuli ami. Kēia noiʻi 'ana i kūpono ka mea, pilikia-noa, a i lohe nui i loaʻa. Ke hoomanawanui E e noi, e moe ana ma kou kua a me kona mau kuli ma ka huina o kanaiwa degere. Inā ka tibia e neʻe hope, i ka ligament ua poino.

ami noiʻi hana

Ka loa, he pono ole iaoia o ka X-Ray ka ninaninau ana i na iwi. Inā ka hoʻomanawanui complains o kaʻeha ma ka ami ma hope o ka haule ana, kuni, hoʻokano a me ka i pēpē, ia mea kupono, e nānā, ina paha he mea kekahi fracture. X-na kukuna o ka iho mau e leie aku oe e ike i ka iwi,ʻaeʻae'aʻaʻa a me ka tendon. Ke huli nei ma ke kiʻi trauma surgeon hiki diagnose: fracture, dislocation, tensile patella poino, arthrosis, arthritis,ʻeho a cyst, osteoporosis paha osteomyelitis. 'O kēia ka maʻi loa, he pono ole ka heluna i ke kuli ami. Photos, o ka papa, hiki e ana o kekahi quality, paakiki a me ka nui, akā, no ka poʻe akamai ka mea, mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī.

I mea e pale aku rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative hui trauma a me ka pathology, ultrasound hiki ke hana. Kekahi maikaʻi kēia lākiō o ia i ka hoʻomanawanui, aole ia e pono i ke mālama '-aʻo (pololi, inu nui ana o ke kinowai, etc.) mua oe e makaikai i ke kuli ami. kona 'anatomia i hana ia e hiki ai ke nana i loko o ka ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, menisci ike ka luna, uhi me ka cartilage, iwi ho okumu.

Ultrasound apono 'ke kuli, e ike mai nāʻaoʻao. No ke akaka kiʻi mea e pono ke kau i ke ahonui pono:
- hoʻi me ka pololei wāwae (leo nahenahe kona hiki mua a me kaʻaoʻao paia o ka ami);
- mau wāwae manao ma ke kuli ami (meniscus visualized);
- ma ka prone kulana (i ka hope paia o ka ami nana).

Kēia kaʻina hana hiki ke hana i aneane kekahi ola kino mālama okoʻa no ka manawa.