Kaua i loko o Africa: o ka papa inoa o na kumu, a me ka mōʻaukala hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Ka loa lolelua ka māhele 'āina ma luna o mākou Honua ma ka olelo o na kaua a me ka lehulehu i mākaukau i kāna hana e lawelawe nei, o ka papa, i kaʻApelika Waena'āinapuniʻole. Wale iʻaneʻi, ua oi mamua o 50 na hihia, a pepehi oi ma mua o 5 miliona kanaka ma luna o na makahiki eha i hala, 18 miliona nā mea pakele, a 24 miliona i koe noho. Paha wahi'ē aʻe i loko o ke ao nei kaua a me ka pau ole kāna hana e lawelawe mai i alakai ia ia i ka nui-unahiʻole, i ka make a me ka luku aku.

Overview

Makamua World History hai mai ai i ka nui kaua ma Aferika hoi au i loko o ke kolu o Ka Wā Kaukani BC. hoomaka ae la lakou me ka unification o ke kanaka o Aigupita aina. Hope o Paraʻo mau kaua no ke anoe o ko lākou mau noho ana me ka Palestinians, a me ko Suria. Kinohi mai ua ikeia no hoi ekolu Punic War, a mau ae la ia i ka huina o ka oi ma mua o ka haneri makahiki.

Ma ka Middle Ages i ka pilina me ka nui loa i ka hou kūpono 'ana o keʻano pākīkē kulekele i mākaukau i kāna hana e lawelawe, a Hone i ka mea maikaʻi a me ka akamai o ke kaua. Africa wale nō i loko o ka XIII kenekulia, ua hoano e ekolu Crusades. A lōʻihi ka papa inoa o ka oihana koa confrontation, a i na hoopai ana a hiki i ka'āinapuniʻole i loko o ka XIX a me XX kenekulia, mea wale kupaianaha! Naʻe, i ka loa kŘpuna no ia, lilo iho la ka First a me elua World Wars. Wale i kekahi o i pepehi oi ma mua o 100 tausani. Man.

Ka First World War ma Africa

Ke kumu i alakai aku ai i na koa ana i loko o ka māhele 'āina, akā i koi aku. E like me oe i ike, o ka First World Kaua ma Europe unleashed Germany. Entente'āina e ku e kona hae, ua hoʻoholo ihola e lawe no ia i kona panalāʻau ma Aferika, a i ka Kelemānia aupuni i loaa nei. Mau aina i koe poorly hoomaluia, a ua haawi aku ia i ka'auwaʻa Pelekania ma ia manawa i Kīwala'ō ma ke kai, a ua oki pau aku, mai ko lakou aina makuahine. Ua hiki wale ke ano o kekahi mea - Kelemania, ua hikiʻole i ka hoouna kilo a me ammunition. Eia hou, ua paʻa akula hoopuniia i ka panalāʻau Kelemānia ma nā panalāʻau e pili ana i kā lākou mau hoa - ka Entente'āina.

Ua i loko o ka hopena o ke kauwela o 1914, ua hiki ke hoʻopio i kaʻenemi ka mua uuku panalaau ia i ka 'ōlelo Palani a me ka Pelekāne kaua - Togo. Eia ka lele kaua Ally koa ma South West Africa ua he mau kaulia ana. Ke kumu no keia i ke kipi ana o ka Boers, a i uhi pū wale nō ma Pepeluali 1915. Hope i ke kūkulu hemaʻApelika Waena koa i ka hoʻokikina hoʻomaka koke, a ma o Iulai hoʻoikaika ka poʻe hao wale Kelemānia hoʻonohoʻia i loko o ka South-West Africa, e haawi. ʻO kēia ka makahiki, i ka haʻalele Kelemania, a Cameroon, a na defenders holo i ke kokoke panalaau ia - Spanish Guinea. Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā keia lanakila mua o Ally poʻe hao wale, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ua paa nae ka hiki ia i ka ia'ku nui ma ka HikinaʻApelika, kahi kaua hoʻomau ma ke kaua.

E möakäka hou kaua

Ka First World War ma Africa loli nui panalāʻau o na allies, e like me ka mea Kelemānia poʻe hao wale i ke emi hope a hiki i ka aina no a hiki i ka Beritania Crown. Ke German kaua i loko o ka māhele 'āina i kauoha mai ai ma ka Colonel P. av Lettow-Vorbeck. Ua i aku la ia nana i alakai i ka poʻe hao wale i ka hoʻomaka o November 1914, ka wā ua ka nui kaua i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Tanga (Mauna Ocean). I keia manawa, i ka Kelemānia kaua i kahi o 7 tausani. Man. Me ke kākoʻo o nā cruisers, ka Beritania e hoʻokele e pae ma ke kahakai o ke kakini 'ohua' o ka poʻe hao wale, akā, manaʻo huhū keia, Colonel Paul av Lettow-Vorbeck ua hiki ke loaa i ka hńne e lanakila maluna iho o ka Pelekania, hahau ia e haʻalele i ka pali.

Ma hope o ia kaua ma Aferika i Hawaiʻi i loko o ka guerrilla paio. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hooukaia mai Beritania na pakaua a me ke olonā wāwae o nā aeaciui ai ma Kenya, a Rhodesia. Kona poe koa Paul av Lettow-Vorbeck na mea ma kāna nāʻaʻa, mai waena aku o ka kūloko kanaka, ka poe i maikai aʻo. A pau ia e hoʻokele i loaʻa ma kahi o 12 tausani. Man.

I ka 1916, hui i loko o ka hookahi koa, Pelekāne, Pukiki, a me ka Aaeuaeeneei koloniala koa a hemo i kūpono 'ana ma ka hikina o Africa. Akā, ka mea, ho'āʻo, ka mea, ua hiki ole e hoʻolilo i ka'ōlelo Kelemānia kaua. I loko nō o ka mea i ka Ally koa nui mua o ka Kelemānia koa, Paul av Lettow-Vorbeck kōkua paʻa mau kumumea: ike o ke aniau a me ka'āina. Manawa o kona mau hoa i ae mai kaumaha ka pōʻino, a me ka ole wale ma ke kahua kaua, akā, no hoi, no ka ka mea maʻi. I ka hopena o Akuma ka 1917, hahai aku la ma na allies, ikea Colonel P. av Lettow-Vorbeck me kona poe koa ma ka ?? eoi? O ka panalaau ia o Mozambique, iā lākou i ka manawa o Portugal.

I ka pau ana o hostilities

E hookokoke aku ana paa ka First World War. Africa a me Asia, e like me Europa, i ae kaumaha casualties. By August 1918, hoopuniia ma nāʻaoʻao ma Kelemānia poʻe hao wale, ae ho'āʻo ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE koa o ka enemi, i puʻe wale akula kēlā, e hoʻi i ko lākou mokuna. Ma ka pau ana o ka ia makahiki, ke koena o ka koloniala koa Paul av Lettow-Vorbeck, oia no, aole oi aku mamua o 1.5 tausani. People he ma Northern Rhodesia, i pili i ia manawa Beritania. Here Colonel aʻo o ka pio ana o Kelemania, a i puʻe wale aku e waiho iho i ko lakou mau mea kaua. No ka wiwoʻole i loko o ke kaua me kaʻenemi, ua aloha like me ka meʻe i loko o kona'āina.

Pela i pau ai ka First World War. Africa, ka mea, ua maikai, e like me kekahi mau koho, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 100 tausani. E ola ana. Oiai e kaua ana ma luna o ka'āinapuniʻole me ka mea i kuleana, akā, e hoʻomau ana ma ke kaua.

World

E like me ua ikeia, nui-unahiʻole, i nā luna hoʻolale hana ua kauohaʻia ia e Nazi Kelemania, i loko o ka 30-40-ies o ka hope kenekulia loli ole wale i ka mokuna oʻEulopa. Kekahi mau o ka'āinapuniʻole i ua hookoeia ka Apana World War. Africa, Asia i kekahi ohana, albeit hapa 'ia, i loko o kēia Kiure kaua.

Haʻalele Beritania, Germany i kā lākou mau panalāʻau ua ua, akā, mau koi e loaʻa. I mea e lolo i ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o kona papa kuhikuhiE enemi - England, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia manao, e hookupaa i ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna NorthʻApelika, like wale nō ma kēia ala ka mea, ua hiki ke kiʻi i ka'ē aʻe Beritania panalāʻau - India, Australia a me New Zealand. Eia hou, i ka paha kumu i Hitler e lanakila i ka NorthʻApelika Waena aina, ua hou i kona kaua o Iran a me Iraq, ma kahi he mau nui hoʻokomo kālā o ka aila, hoi malalo o ko Beritania.

Outbreak o hostilities

Na Mahele World War ma Africa mau ae la ia no ka makahiki ekolu - mai June 1940 a hiki i May 1943. Kue koa ma keia e kue ana i noho ma ka kekahi lima, Pelekane, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a ma luna o ka mea 'ē aʻe - Germany a me Italy. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kaua i wahi ma ka mokuna o Aigupita, a me ka Maghreb. hoomaka ae la ke kaua me ka kaua o ka Italia poʻe i loko oʻAitiopa, a me ka nui loa ke olonā wāwae o ka dominance o Pelekānia i loko o kēia māhele 'āina.

Initially, Ua hele ka NorthʻApelika Waena kai eʻe ma ka 250 tausani. Italian koa, a ma hope i hele mai ai i ke kōkua o kekahi 130 tausani. Kelemānia koa, i ka nui helu o ka poʻina nalu a me ka mea kaua apana. I huli ai oe, o ka Ally poʻe kaua o ka USA, a me ka UK he 300 tausani. US, a oi aku 200 tausani. Beritania hao wale.

hou Aey? acaeoey

Ke kaua ma North Africa hoomaka me ka mea i loko o June 1940, hoomaka ae la ka Pelekania e i onoho hahau ana au i ku ei ka Italia kaua, e like me ka hopena o ka a ua kauoha koke nalowale kekahi mau tausani o kona poe koa, oiai ka Beritania - i oi aku mamua o elua haneri. Mahope iho o keia make, ke Aupuni Italia ua hooholoia e haawi i ke kauoha ana o ka poʻe i loko o nā lima o ka Ilamuku Graziani, aʻaʻohe kuhihewa me ka i waeia. I kakahiaka nui me September 13 o ka ia makahiki hoomaka ae la oia i ke kūpono ', hahau i ka Beritania General O'Connor emi hope ku i ka nui pomaikai o kona hoa paio i loko o Manpower. Ma hope o ka Italians e hoʻokele i hoʻopio i kekahi kanaka o Aigupita kulanakauhale uuku o Sidi Barrani, ke kūpono 'Ua kaulia ana no na malama ekolu loa.

Palaka Graziani ma ka hope o 1940, General O'Connor ka poe koa a hemo ka kūpono '. hoomaka Libyan hana me ka kaua ma luna o kekahi o ka Italia koa. makaukau no ka mea, he eventuality Graziani ua akaka ole, no laila, uaʻaʻole hiki ke hoonohonoho i ka pono rebuff i kona hoa. Ke kokololio mua o Pelekāne poʻe hao wale Italy ka wa pau ole lilo kona panalāʻau ma North Africa.

Ke kahua Ua loli ma ka hooilo o 1941, i ke kōkua o kona Ally, Hitler ka kauoha hoouna ia mau mea i kahikoiaʻi huahelu o General Rommel. Mua i loko o March, i ke kaua wawahi mai ma Africa me ka hou ka lohi ole. Olelo German poe koa, a me Italy, kena ae la ka nui loa i ka mea e malu ai o Beritania, loa luku mai i kekahi o kaʻenemi ka mea e kahiko ai brigades.

Ka pau 'ana o ka World

I Nowemapa o ka ia makahiki, no ka Beritania i ka lua o ka hoao e counterattack, a hemo ka hana codenamed "Crusader". Ka mea, a hiki e hoʻokele i kipakuia aku Tripoletaniyu, akā, ma December ka mea, i papani ai hoi i Rommel ka poe koa. Ma May 1942, i ka Kelemānia pūkaua hahau i kuleana lāʻau a hiki i kaʻenemi ka mea e malu ai, a ua hoʻoikaika ka Pelekania, e emi hope hohonu i loko oʻAigupita. Lanakila kūpono 'ana a hiki i ka i keʻakeʻa 8th Ally koa ma ke Al Alamein. I keia manawa, ma muli naʻe o nā hoʻoikaikaʻana, ka mea kēia kanaka Kelemānia i ole kahu ai i ka uhai ma ka pale aku ia lakou o ka Beritania. Ia manawa, i ka luna o ka 8th Army i kauoha mai ai General Montgomery, ka poe i hoomaka e hoʻomōhala i kekahi kumumanao o ke kaua, oiai ana ae noke nei i ka noonoo i ka hoouka ana o Nazi hao wale.

MaʻOkakopa o ka ia makahiki, Pelekāne lākou poʻe kaua i hana i papai aku ikaika i Rommel ka oihana koa naehana hoonohoia ma Al-Alamein. He kūpono ma ka piha pio ana o na poe kaua elua - ma Kelemania, a Italy, ka poe i pio e emi hope i ka Tunisian mokuna. Eia hou, i ka Beritania i hele mai i ke kokua ana o ka Americans pae ma kaʻApelika Waena kapakai ma 8 November. Rommel Ho'āʻo ua i hoao e hooki i ka Allies, akā, ka mea i lanakila. Ma hope i ka German pūkaua kapaʻia hoʻi i kā lākou'āina.

Rommel i ka hoao ana i ka oihana koa luna, a me kona make hana hoʻokahi wale nō mea - i ke kaua ma Aferika i pau ai no ka Italy, a Kelemania, i ka huina pio. Ma hope iho o ia Beritania, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i me ka nui loa hooikaika ko lakou wahi i loko o ka māhele 'āina. Eia hou, i ka hookuu kaua ka mea, hoolei mai la ia i ka hope ka hopu ana o Italy.

I ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XX kenekulia

Me ka hope o ke Kaua Honua II confrontation ma Africa i ole i pau ai. Kekahi e kekahi, uprisings, a ma kekahi aina ua ulu i loko o piha-me ka unahiʻole hostilities. No laila, hookahi ka mea wawahi mai kivila kaua ma Africa hiki ī hope no ka makahiki a makahiki. An hoohalike no keia mea i ke kūʻai '-makaukau e kue ana i loko oʻAitiopa (1974-1991), Angola (1975-2002), Mozambique (1976-1992), Algeria a me Sierra Leone (1991-2002), Burundi (1993-2005), Somalia (1988 ). Ma ka hope o kēia mau'āina, i ke kaua kūloko i ole i pau ai keia manawa. A me keia mea wale nō i ka hapa uuku wale no o nā mālama '-nei a me ka hoomau ana a hiki i ka lā keia koa i kāna hana ma kaʻApelika Waena'āinapuniʻole.

Ke kumu o na mea he nui koa confrontations uhukiia ma ka kūloko pōʻaiapili, e like me ka mōʻaukala kulana. E hoomaka ana me ka 60-ies o ka hope ke kenekulia, loaʻApelika Waena aina loaa kuokoa, a hoomaka ae la e kaua koke aku i ka hapakolu o lakou, a ma ka 90 kaua i mua i loko o 16 Hawaii.

kēia kaua

Ma keia kenekulia, ke kahua ma kaʻApelika Waena'āinapuniʻole i ole hoʻololi nui. Aia He nō ka hoʻomauʻana nui-pālākiō geopolitical reorganization, ma lalo a aole hiki e i ninau ana i kekahi hua i loko o ka nui o ka mālama 'ia hoʻi i loko o ka māhele' āina. I ka paakiki-yeiiiie? A me ka huʻi shortage o ka waiwai aggravate wale ke kulana.

Aia mau thriving smuggling, kue i na mea kaua a me ka lāʻau trafficking, a hoi aggravate, a no laila, e aho e huikau karaima kulana home 'ole i loko o ka māhele' āina. A, i keia ua hanaia e ku e ia i ke kāʻei kua o ka kiʻekiʻe loa ka heluna ka ulu, a me kaʻaʻole lāʻau Polenekia.

Ho'āʻo 'o ia e localize kāna hana e lawelawe

Ano, ka mea nani i ke kaua ma Africa pauʻole. I hoikeia mai, kūwaho hoʻi peacekeeping, imi e pale aku i ka mākaukau i ke kaua o onei lehulehu ma o ka'āinapuniʻole, hoao ineffective. No ka laʻana ka mea, mea hiki ke lawe i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka i kēia mea: no ka un poʻe hao wale i komo i loko o 57 kāna hana e lawelawe, a me ka hapanui hihia, ua i loli kā lākou hana lākou mau pukaʻana.

E like me ia olelo, manaoio aku, ia mea i hoʻokau i ka bureaucratic slowness o peacekeeping poe mikanele a me ka nele o kaʻike no ka mea maoli pilikia ua hikiwawe loa hoʻololi. Eia hou, un hao wale i mākaukau mau i loko o ka helu, a ua loko mai o ka'āina Apo aku la ia i ke kaua, a hiki mua ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka hana i ka functioning aupuni.