Kaumaha cruiser "wahi Oygen": i ka papa kuhikuhi ano. Prinz Eugen (1938)

Kaumaha cruiser "wahi Oygen" i ka haaheo o ka'auwaʻa o Nazi Germany. He He He mea pepehi ikaika i ka manawa o ke kai, i a me nā mea a pau i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia koi, a i kekahi o ka hana maikaʻi i waena o na moku kaua o ka Apana World War. Naʻe, i ka hopena o keia moku i kona mau lā lono kaumaha. E ka loaʻa mai mea i ke kaumaha cruiser "wahi Oygen", kona papa kuhikuhi 'ano a me ka mōʻaukala a hiki i ka loa i ka make.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

German cruiser Prinz Eugen i hanaia i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ke 30-ies o ka hope kenekulia. Mea e hana ia iloko o ka German shipyard Krupp Germaniawerft Henry i loko o November 1935. Kēia poʻe i hoʻokumu entrepreneur Lloyd Foster i ka 1867 ma Gaarden, kokoke Kiel, i loko o nā makahikiʻekolu, ma mua o ka muli o ka hoʻokahi German aupuni a pau ma lalo o ka rula o Prussia. Initially Ua kapaia ka poe "North-German no? Ieoaeunoaa poe." I ka 1896 ka mea i loaa ma kekahi o na richest pāʻoihana ma Germany - Kruppsʻohana. Shipyard i na koa akā, i sīwila moku ole wale. Ma ka huli ana o ke kenekulia,ʻaʻole ia i komo i loko o elua wahi no ka hoolako ana i na moku no ka German imperial Moku. Iloko o ka First World a pau loa, i ka poe koa a me ka mokuluu.

"Wahi Oygen" Ua manao ia e ke kolu o ka moku ana o ka polokalamu Kelemānia, ma lalo a hua mai la i kaumaha cruisers o ka "Adimarala Hipper". Kēia moʻo He mau moku i ua hoʻokuʻuʻia - "Adimarala Hipper" 1937 kūkuluʻia, ma hope o ka mea a ka laina holoʻokoʻa o ka moku i ka inoa, e like me "Blucher" o ka ia kükohu makahiki. Eia hou, ka mea, he poe no e kukulu elua hou cruisers - ". Seidlitz" "Lützow" a me ka Akā, ka mea, ua ole i makaukau no ka hopena o ke kaua. I ka kūkulu i ka "wahi Oygen" loaa hōʻailona "J".

? Ieoaeunoai hoomaka ma April 1936, a mau ae la ia no ka aneane elua a me ka hapa makahiki. Ua loaʻa i ke Kelemānia waihona i loko o ka nui o 109 miliona Reichsmarks. No ka nane, i ka nui o ka "County" Pelekāne moku like type ua 2,5 manawa uuku. Ma ka hopena, ke kaumaha cruiser "wahi Oygen" Ua ee aku ma August 1938. Akā, i ka finalization o nā mea a pau i ka na eiiiiiaiou a me ka lako a pan e pono ai no kekahi mau makahiki. E like me ka hopena, i ka cruiser ua lilo aku la i loko o ana o ka German Moku a August 1940.

Name cruiser

Kona inoa Kelemānia kaumaha cruiser "wahi Oygen" i loko o ka hanohano o ka alihi kaua nui o ka'Aukekulia moku'āina o Habsburg haole XVII-XVIII kenekulia, Prince Evgeniya Savoyskogo. Ina ia no ka aina i kekahi o ko Italia ka rula ana i loko o feudal Duke ka hanau, a i hānau i loko o Paris, akā, ka hapanui o kona mau poʻokela e piʻi like, ma ka pau o ka holomua hana i loko o ke Kaua o Sepania Succession, a me ka Turkish poe, i ua o koʻu mau i loko o ka hana o ka'Aukekulia kalaunu. I waena o kona mau lanakila nui e like me ka luna iho, i ke kaua: i ke kaua o Szente (1697), he manaʻo no ka pua ana o Turin (1706), i ke kaua o Malplaquet (1709), i ka lawe ana o Belgrade (1717).

I kela i ka 1938, ua ka Anschluss (hoohui aina) o Austria ma Germany. Ua Ua hooku iho la ia i ka fascist propaganda o ka hawaiano o ke aupuni. I mea e hōʻike i ka hoʻohui o Kelemania, a Austria, ka mea i hooholoia e inoa i ka hou moku i loko o ka hanohano o ka hookiekieia'Aukekulia luna koa. Nani Evgeniya Savoyskogo ua ia e ka nānā i nā'ōuli o ka lanakila cruiser. No laila, i ka moku Prinz Eugen mai ka 1938 aie kona inoa.

oaoieei-ano

He aha ua he kaumaha cruiser "wahi Oygen" ma iiaie oaoieei hua'ōlelo?

Kona lōʻihi ua 199,5 ka m me ka maʻamau pono, a me ka 207,7 ka m ma piha. Pohupani hale o ka moku, he 14 506 ka m me ka maʻamau tooling, a me ka 19.042 ka m - piha. Ka laula o ka moku -. 21,7 m + i kā mākou cruiser holo i 32 knots, a ua like ia 59,3 km / h. Ka huina pau nona iho o ka ekolu mahu turbines a me ieoaeunoai he umikumamalua moku - 132.000 horsepower, a me 97 MW. Kikoo Prinz Eugen moku kaulua mai 5,9 i 7,2 m. Ka mämä holo o ka 16 knots cruiser hiki e ka pili-ana, 'auʻau' ana i ka mamao o 6,8 tausani. Miles. Ka moku pau, mai ke kime i loko o ka 1400-1600 kanaka, a ua hala loa he wahi lihi iki no keia ano o ka moku.

kapa kila mānoanoa ma luna o nā hale kiaʻi a hiki i 160 mm o. I ka Ia manawaʻo ia i ka thinnest ma luna o ke kāhiko - 30 mm o, a ma luna o nā papa - 40 mm o. kapa kila mānoanoa ma luna o nā traverses a me Barbet ua like me 80 mm o.

"Wahi Oygen" Ua hoʻolako pono me ka mea hou i ka manawa o ka lolouila pono, ka mea e like ai o ka i hiki kaena aku, i nā moku kaua i loko o ke ao nei. No ka mea, uaʻikeʻia ka loaʻaʻana o ia hoʻi, hiki ke 'imi i kaʻenemi ma luna o ke kai, i ka lewa, a ma lalo o ka wai. Ma luna o ka moku, ua hiki Analog kamepiula 'ē aʻe. Eia naʻe, no ka nui loa o ka uila no a me ka hoʻokani i ka ino'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka me ka cruiser, e like me ka hou 'enehana i no i ka helu o ka hewa, a me kekahi ua maopopo "heʻiʻo maka nō." Akā, pela no, ma ke kaʻina e hoopiha mai ana i ka moku, aohe ona lua maʻEulopa.

weaponry

Hakakā ka mana i ole ia i ka ikaika wahi o ka moku Prinz Eugen. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, i compensated ma ka manawa kūpono o ka sighting i ke ahi hooponopono i like i ka mea'ē aʻe moku, a me ka loaʻa nui o kēia 'ano o ka loaʻaʻana mai o kaʻenemi i kēia deficiency.

Armament o ka moku oia o ewalu mea kaua leho caliber 203 mm o, he umikumamalua paʻa Anati-mokulele mea kaua pū caliber 105 mm o, eono akomi pū caliber 37 mm o, he umi - 20 mm o. Eia hou, i ka cruiser Eha ana torpedo paipu caliber 533 mm o ammunition me 12 torpedoes. Air Group oia o ka pneumatic launcher a me ka eha reconnaissance seaplanes.

Ka mua ke kaua

Bapetizo ana o ke ahi moku "wahi Oygen" ua i ke kaua moana, a lilo aku ia i ke kaua i loko o ka Denmark pilikia.

Ka moku mua e holo ana i ke kai e wehe i loko o May 1941. He Ua ukali pūʻia nā poʻe luku aku, e like me kekahi mau proryvateley nā pilikia. Soon, "wahi Oygen" hui me kekahi moku kaulana o ke Kaua Honua II - ka battleship "Bismarck". Lākou hele pū ua ma ka Denmark pilikia.

I ka holo ana o ka Kelemānia pā hale i wahi o Beritania moku. May 24, 1941 loaʻa i ke kaua ma waena o lākou. Ua luku kekahi mau Pelekāne moku i loko o ke kaua, battleship "Bismarck" ua poino, oki ma ka pilikia hiki Prinz Eugen. Ka moku, hele mai i loko o ka North kai. Eia naʻe, he helu o nā kumu, e hana i ke kālā ka hopu o kaʻenemi kālepa moku ia pilikia. Ma June 1941, ma hope o kekahi mau-pule holo ana, hiki aku la i ka cruiser ma ke awa o Brest, uumi Wehrmacht koa.

E hoʻi iā Germany

Akā, ma Brest "wahi Oygen" a me nā Kelemānia moku i mau malalo iho ai i ka pilikia o ka make ma muli o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika ea e poipu o ka Beritania. Ma Pepeluali 1942, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoʻi i ka cruiser me na battleships "Gneisenau" a me ka "Sharnhost" i loko o Kelemānia awa. Kēia hanana mea e hemo mai ma no kona mau kanaka maoli kai, ua kapaia "hana Cerberus."

I loko nō o ka mea i i ka hoʻi i ka hale i ua pepehi pinepine ae la oia cruiser mokulele a me ka enemi moku,ʻo ia nō e hoʻokele i kāpili lāʻekolu, e komo i ka waha o ka Elbe muliwai. I ka hana hiki e manaoia ana pau. Ua i kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi a me ka' aʻa 'anaʻe ma ka' ōlelo Pelekānia Channel, pono ma lalo o ka ihu o ka Pelekania Air Max a me Moana. Ka Ua Hopu Kahiamoe ka pono lanakila o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me ka hoʻoikaika i ko lākouʻuhane. ʻOiai ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI Ua Hopu i losing i Kelemania, ma kai kulana home 'ole loa' ia.

Ma ka Baltic Sea wai

I kekahi kahua o ka "Prince Eugen" hana pili me ka i loko o ka wai o ka Baltic kai, kahi āna i koke kiola.

Oe ke ole kapa i kēia wā o ka mōʻaukala o ka nani cruisers. I ka mea, i keia manawa hookauwa aku la oia e like me ka nui gunboats o ka Baltic, nae, o ka papa, ka mea, ua i kona mua ana. ʻano nui o ka "wahi Oygen" hua mai la shelling ka mokuna e ku e ka enemi. A hiki i ke ahi kona mau kahakai a me ke kumu. No ka laʻana, i hiki mai ka wā o ka Army Red kokoke i ka Gotenhafenu. A laila, i ka ho'āhewa wale 'ae aku ma ke ahiahi o ka kaiāulu o Danzig (i keia la Gdansk ma Poland). Ma ka Ia wā o kona ola, ke cruiser hele aku i ko ke kapakai o Norewai.

Eia kekahi ia ia, a me ka absurdities. Ke'ī mai, ka "wahi Oygen" rammed e haʻalele o na docks German cruiser "Leipzig".

I 'Apelila makahiki 1945, i hoouna aku ai i ke kapikala o Denemaka "wahi Oygen" - Copenhagen. Aia Noho iho la ia, a hiki i ka hōʻailona o ka Kelemānia hoihoi.

Hopena o ke kaua

I loko nō o ka mea i ka German aupuni, ua kiʻekiʻe manaolana no ka cruiser "wahi Oygen", e hoapono ia ia i ko lakou moku ia i ola me ka make. Ka moku Ua manao no kaua i loko o ka 'Akelanika i ka US, a me ka UK'auwaʻa, akā, ka hapanui o ka manawa, ua hele aku la me ka gunboat i loko o ka Baltic kai. ʻano nui kēia i aie i ka mea i Kelemania, i ole kahu ai i ka hoʻokō i mea kaua allies o ke kai. Kriegsmarine (Moana o ka Apana Reich) mea pono emi iki mahope o ia i ka mana o ka moku Beritania, paa hoʻopaʻa primacy maʻEulopa kai.

A, ma ka pau ana o ke kaua e huli mai i ka "wahi Oygen" hiki i poho iho i kekahi i kekahi o na mokuʻenemi. ʻOiaiʻo ia i hana ino iki mai i kekahi o ka poʻe luku aku, me ka UK, a ua kuʻi ana i ka kakiniʻenemi Kekoa. Akā, he mea pono e maikaʻi, e olelo aku i kaʻenemi iʻaʻole hiki ke uku aku ia ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahiʻiʻo poino. Akā, ma ka hopena o ke kaua ammunition cruiser i pau ai. No ka laʻana, no ka 8-'īniha leho o caliber pū Kelemania, oki iho la i ka paka hou i ka 1942. 203 mm o caliber mea lele, a ua i ka papa kuhikuhi ma ka papa cruisers loaʻa i emi iho malalo o kanaha.

Mākou ke olelo aku i ka hana o ka "Prince Eugen" i loko o ka Baltic kai, kahi ana i lilo loa o kona pōkole moʻolelo shuttled, ua nui e like pana manu liilii i ka pū. Kaumaha cruiser o keia nui, a me ka oaoieei-lako a uaʻoi aku pipiʻi he papahana e hookauwa me "na gunboats nui loa o ka Baltic kai." Akā, me ka mama nui o ka moku i keia manawa e hiki mai, ma hope o ke kaua pau. Ma ka mea e e kūkākūkā i au mamuli lalo nei.

E like me kekahi hapa o ka US Moana

Ma hope iho o ka hoihoi o Kelemania, ma May 1945, "wahi Oygen" Ua haawiia ma i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia e like me ka Potsdam aelike. Ma Ianuali 1946, ua hoolilo ia Bremen, a hui i ka US Moku. Naʻe, i kona wa i loaa mai i ke kūlana o ka ole-hakakā moku, akā, wale ikea ai o ka moku. Ke kauoha o ka cruiser i hoolilo ia Kapena 1st Rank A. Graubartu mea, hoʻowahāwahā ke kupa Amelika, ua he lāhui Kelemānia.

Soon cruiser i ka transatlantic holo ana, i ka mea ana i hoolilo mai Bremen a hiki i ke kulanakauhale Amelika o Boston. Ma ke awa o ka hooponopono "wahi Oygen" Ua pono hookolokolo aku la ia. No hoi me ia i ka mea i unloaded ma luna o ke kahakai a pau o ka ipu, me na mea kaua. E like me ka hopena o ke Komisina, ka mea i hooholoia, e hoouna aku i ka moku ma ka Bikini hāpapa like me ka pale no ka hoao nukelea mea kaua.

Ma March, ka cruiser holo mai Boston no ka hoololiia ana o ka wai i loko o ka moana Pakifika nei, i hele mai ma ka Panama Canal. A laila, i loko o ka Pacific wai docked ma San Diego, Kaleponi. Ma hope iho o ia, "wahi Oygen" alai ae la no Hawaii. Ma ka hapa mua o Mei, la a hiki ma ka 'Amelika kumu ma na mokupuni - Pearl Harbor. Ma June MH 1946,ʻo ia hiki i Bikini hāpapa - ka mākaʻikaʻi hope loa.

nukelea hoʻokolohua

Ka make moku "wahi Oygen" i ka hopena o ka hoao ana o ka Amerika Huipuia nukelea mea kaua ma Bikini hāpapa. Naita me ia i i July 1, 1946. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka cruiser "wahi Oygen" Ua Ua hele ia e nā moku kaua o ke ao nei, i loko o ua trophy a decommissioned 'Amelika moku.

Ka mua nukelea e hoʻokani lewa ma luna o ka cruiser. Moana lipolipo illumined me ka huali glare, hoailona iho la i ka weli rumble pūʻali koa. Ke epicenter o ka Naita o ka nukelea pōkā pahū ua hāʻule ma 8-10 uwea mai o ka moku. Ka mea, manao iho la ia i ka moku i puhi i ka okioki. Akā, hoʻowahāwahā i ka 'upu' ana o ka cruiser pōʻino ua mailuilu haalele. I ka mea, ka mea, oia wale loa i haehaeia, mai kaʻaoʻao o ka HW.

Ma hope o ka Naita o ka nukelea warhead i i ma lalo o ka wai. Kēia manawa i ka poino ua nui hou nui. ili lahilahi i ikaika loa o Paulo i loko o ka cruiser a me ka la i leaking, akā, ia Pohō, a haawi mai Bank. Ua luku aku la ma ka Americans kēia ia'ku o ka moku Kelemānia. Ka mea, manaʻo ka mea, pau i luku ai i na bombings o ka luna. Ano, i ke kaulaʻoka, i ka hāpapa Kuazlen manao wā e hiki mai ho'āʻo ma ka "wahi Oygen".

Akā, Eia naʻe, i ka hinu hauna o Ua oi radioactively ua hoʻohaumiaʻia. No ia mea, cruiser hoʻoholo aka hoi, e luku aku ia i loko. Eia naʻe, hiki ma hope o ke kolu o ka Naita me ka moku koe Lani. Kona caiieiaiey ana i nā, ka wā hoʻokahi pahu waikahe ma hope o ka 'ē aʻe. Eia hoi, i ka 20 lā o December 1946 EII ni, ua hikiʻole i ka Makuakane me ka wai e hoʻopā ai. Ka moku i ka oni, a me nā puka mālamalama ma lalo nei ka ilikai. Ke US koa i koe i hoao e hoola i ka moku, akā, ka mea, ua Hawaiʻi moku, ka cruiser poho kokoke i ka hāpapa Kuazlen, e waiho ana ma ka ili o ka keel. Ma ka wahi o kona poe i koe e ma ka lalo o ke kai a hiki i kēia lā.

Oiaio, he oiaio kahaha ko oukou naau moku e kū'ē'ē mai. Akā, loaʻa nō kekahi mau nīnau. He aha ina ka cruiser ua pono i ka pale no ka nukelea hopeʻia mai, akā, ka mea makemake e ka hui i ke kaua i ka ola o ka moku, hawele iho lua, kōkua e EII ni wai EII ni? He hiki ia ia ma keia hihia i hiki ekolu Naita me ia makemake e lawa ana e poho iho i ka "wahi Oygen".

Akā, e ia me ka mea i, ka moku, i i kukuluia e na kēia kanaka Kelemānia e hooweliweli aku ana ia Americans a me kā lākou mau allies, lilo iho la i unwitting accomplice ma ka ikea ana o nā mea kaua i ka ikaika loa i loko o ke ao nei, e malama aku i ka hōʻailona o ka US koa mana. Eia naʻe, no ka Americans ua manawa ka'ē aʻe ka papa kuhikuhiE contender. Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Apana Reich, ka mea, ua ka Soviet Union.

General ano o ka moku

Ka cruiser "wahi Oygen" i loko o kona alanui o ka hanana moku. Like a pau kaumaha cruisers "Adimarala Hipper", oi ma mua o 10 tona o ka pohupani hale o ka moku, a hiki nae keia mea he mokuna peni mäka no ka moku o keia ano, e like me ka Washington-ma muli kapu. Akā, Germany iho ua hoonoho wale i ka laulā o ka mea ana. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ia i ka hua ma na tona o ka moku ku kona rapidity a me ka agility.

ʻOiai ka palapala kumu o ke kūkulu o ka "rula o Eugen" i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ka Kelemānia'auwaʻa i loko o ke kaua o ka' Akelanika, ma ka mea,ʻo ia cruised ka hapanui i loko o ka wai o ka Baltic Sea 'ole i loko o kekahi mau i waiho mai. Ka moku komo i loko o hoʻokahi hou i emi nui wale paha kaua, ma ka loa hoʻomaka o kona kaua moolelo - ke kaua o ka Denmark pilikia. Ma keia hihia, no ka mea holoʻokoʻa wā o kona ola, ke cruiser nele e luku i kekahiʻenemi moku.

Naʻe, a me kaʻenemi ke ole ia ma kekahi ano i 'inoʻino loa i ka moku "wahi Oygen", eia nae o ka ho'āhewa wale i lawe mai, a mai ke kai, a mai ka lewa, a mai ka honua. He lilo ka mea wale German cruiser, a i hookoeia mai ai a pau, ma ka hopena o ke kaua. O nukelea mea kaua e wale i ke kolu o ka manawa hiki overwhelm keia titanium ua, no ka ikaika ka mea i i. A laila, i loko o ke alo o ka moku ma luna o ka papa, e mea hiki i ekolu manawa, a makemake ole e lawa.

ʻOiai he nui akamai i nema aku i ka manao o ka cruiser, kapa ana ia ia clumsy. Ka hewa Ua i shipbuilders i ka mea, i mea e kahiko ai oo kaa, e like ka hapanui moku o ka manawa, ua hopu aku i wale i ka loa ikepili koʻikoʻi a me ka mea nui, e malama i ke ola mau. "Wahi Oygen" Ua maopopo kapa kila. Ma nā hana o ke kapa kila ua oi aku lahilahi ia e kekahi maoli hoomalu akā, i ka mea ia manawa ia mea he hou kaumaha no ke kaa ho'ēmi i kā kona māmā holo. ʻO ka puke mea oi loa aku hoi nui māhele he thinner ma mua o like na moku o ka enemi. Akā, e like me ka mea huli mai, a pau o ka buke hookahi o ka German cruiser ua lawa pono e ku mau bombardment mai o ka lewa a me ke kai, a hiki i ka 'aʻa aku nukelea mea kaua. No laila, e nā kūʻiʻo mai hemo mai a pauʻimi naʻauao speculation manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā meaʻeiwa.

Nui ma ke ala e hiki aku ana i na kanaka haku o ka "Prince Eugen",ʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o mākou lā. No ka laʻana, kohoʻia, nunui-tasking, pale umauma hoʻokahi makakoho ma ka mana volley nui uilaʻoe i loko o ke ana, ka mea kūikawā kūlana o kaʻenemi ka loaʻaʻana.

Akā, me ka mau, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka cruiser "wahi Oygen" noho nele e hooko i kekahi i kekahi o na kumu hana i mua o lākou ma luna o ka global pālākiō, he helu o Pahuhopu a me ka pilikino ana. 'Āhewa ka mea, ua like na hoʻolako 'ole' ana o ka ke Kelemānia a i loko o ka 'Akelanika, a me ka revaluation o ka papa hiʻona o ka cruiser. He hiki ole i kekahi kuleana pūʻali koa i loko o ka 'Akelanika' ole a hiki i ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahiʻiʻo poino i kaʻenemi'auwaʻa.

Kekahi hiki apuepue olelo aku i ka moku uku no kona kāki 109 miliona Reichsmarks. Aka hoi,ʻo ia nō e hoʻokele i iho ilalo i ka mōʻaukala i ke aloha i kona kū hoʻokahi a me ka kākou kumupaʻa iloko o nukelea ho'āʻo ma o ka poe koa 'Amelika, a kahaha ko oukou naau i liu hou ai i ka puu o ke koa a me kaʻepekema.