Ke akeakamai o ke au o ka hou a me ka mea mua hoike ana o ka anthropocentrism ma kālaiʻike

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka XV kenekulia hoʻololi au hoʻomaka i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Western 'Eulopa, a hana i ka moʻomeheu lede. I keia manawa, hoʻomaka ka disintegration o ka feudal, a me ka hooulu ana o ka capitalist'ōnaehana: kūkulu i kekahi for kūlanakauhale i loko o Italy, kekahi ma hope o ka mea 'ē aʻe e hele mai i ka nui mōʻaukala discoveries - kāʻei pū a mea, i ka hoʻomaka o ke pai, ma laila cartography a me ka hana kemika like me ka' epekema ana. I ka makemakika symbolic notation ua wahahee, lāʻau lapaʻau kemika mau kona kūpono 'ana i loko o ka ike o Nine Inchʻike manaʻo o ke kanaka kino, a me ka mahele ai'. Nui ka pomaikai ma keia manawa hiki kilohōkū, Vasco ka Gama wehe i ke ala a hiki i ka Indies kai, Columbus loaʻa Amerika, a me Magellan hoao sphericity o ka honua, e hele ana ma luna o ka huakaʻi mua a puni ka honua.

Naʻe, i ka mea nui wale loaʻa i kēia manawa o ka hookahuli ana o ka dictatorship o ka ekalesia, he hou kālaiʻike o ka pakebona, a me ka mea ia ua he kūikawā impetus i ka uluʻana o ka moʻomeheu. Feudal asceticism uhane honua i ka wa pau ole kanuʻiaʻo ia ma lalo o nā mea kū i hou, a lilo i ka hookumu ana o ke akeakamai o ka pakebona anthropocentrism. Homo sapiens me ina ho'āla mai i ka lōʻihi hiamoe, a ua makaukau e hana ai no ka pono o ko lākou aupuni, i ole coincidence ia i keia manawa, aia no he makakū lilo i ka mea nui Italian haku mele o ka manawa: Petrarch, Erasmus, Rabelais, Boccaccio.

Ke akeakamai o ka pakebona i 'ole e na kanaka nui loa o ka manawa, ua i loea Artists, nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me sculptors lākou na makana no ka hooulu ana i ka hou aupuni a pau. Leonardo ka Vinci hoolilo i kona mau pono hana o kona nui - Homo sapiens. E like me ka mea kākau o ka unsurpassed "Mona Lisa" a me "ka Last iho o ka aina" He mea he nui hopena ma luna o ka aesthetic loina o ka pakebona. No emi ikaika ikehu ua i ia manawa i pena Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti, ka mea, e like me kona sculptures hookiekie uhane a me ka physical nani o ke kanaka, ka mea nunui wahi lulu Loaʻaʻia. I ka Ia manawa, he hou kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka pakebona, i pili ia ano kūkaʻi 'kiekie, no ka mea, o ka laula o ka holo ana o makakū manaʻo.

Ka a pau kālaiʻike o ka pakebona impregnated ma nā wahi o ke kanaka me he kanaka kanaka, a hoʻike kona kuleana, e hoike i ko lakou nā mea hiki, a noa pilikino ulu. Ka mua pae o ka pakebona i wahi like me ka noa-noʻonoʻoloi, kū'ē i ka uhane domination o ka Ekalesia, a medieval scholasticism. Makamua philosophical'āina hoʻoili E ke Kumu, a hoihoi hou ia i loko o piha, hou hamama kula o ka manao, no laila, unfairly poina i loko o ka Middle Ages. Kaawale mai scholastic iwi a me ka hou reinterpreted i nā hana nui o ke kahiko poe akeakamai - Plato a me Aristotle. Ke akeakamai o ka pakebona hou kahea aku nei oia no ka austerity, ka mihi, ka hoolohe ana i ka makemake o ke Akua, akā, ma ka mea ku ole glorifies kekahi Initiative i loko o ke kahua o kaʻike hoʻokumu a me ka ulu ana. Ka makemake e loaa hou ka mana maluna iho o ko lakou naue like - keia mea hou i ka feudal, a hiki Karistiano manaʻo, e kupu ma ka hopena hou bourgeois kauoha.

A kūikawā wahi i loko o ka akeakamai o ka pakebona lawe Nikolay Kuzansky, e like nā humanists, he nui nui o ka manawa, ua laʻa makemakika a me ka 'epekema, a i hana mai i ka kūikawā kuhikuhi ana i loko o ka akeakamai o ka manawa - ka Christian naturalistic pantheism. I ka manaʻo o kēia ao ka mea aia no he Akua, i loko o ke ao nei a me ke ao nei i loko o ke Akua, a no ka ke Akua mea loa he mana loa a me kona palena, 'o ia hoʻi i ke ao nei, he mana loa a me kekahi mokuna mea hiki ke alalai ole iaʻoni. Ke no ia mau hopena o keia ao i ke kipi nui i loko o ka Outlook o ka o ka poʻeʻEulopa, crumbling geocentric kiʻi o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, a me ka hoʻomaka o ka hou ke kahua i loko o ka ulu ana o ke akeakamai a me ka 'epekema o ka pakebona.