Ke alakaʻi mele i loko o ka electrostatic kahua. Conductors, semiconductors, dielectrics

A waiwai me ka noa huna me ka uku ole neʻe ma ke kino ma ka hana ana o ka uila ke kahua ma ka pololei, i kapa alakaʻi mele i loko o ka electrostatic kahua. A huna noa kāhea 'āhewa' ana. Dielectrics, ma ka kekahi lima, mai i ia mau mea. Conductors a me insulators i o kekahi ano a me ka waiwai.

alakaʻi mele

Ke electrostatic kahua conductors - ke hooheheeia, kona'ākilikai,ʻakika a me ka Saline pāʻoihana, a me ka ionized kinoea. Ua noa kauoha nā moku halihali mokulele i loko o ke hooheheeia - Ua noa electrons.

Ma ka loaa ana i loko o kaʻaʻahu uila kahua, kahi na mea hiki ke hooheheeia - conductors me ka uku ole, e neʻe ana ma ke ala e hiki aku ku i ka maʻi lele kahua anakahi uila. Loaa ma kekahiʻaoʻao, nā electrons, e hookupaa aku i ka hopena maikaʻi 'āhewa' ana, a me ka kekahiʻaoʻao o ko lākou lawa ole ke dala, e i ke ano o ka oi maikaʻi uku ole. Ua huli mai ia i ka hewa ana i hoopiia pauku. Uncompensated kekahi mau hoopii e ku oe ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mawaho kahua. Penei, ka mea, ua poloʻai pule, a me ke alakaʻi mele i loko o ka electrostatic kahua o ke kauoha koe.

uncompensated 'āhewa' ana

Electrifying, ka wā 'āhewa' ana i redistributed ma waena o nā māhele o ke kino, ua kapaia electrostatic hoʻokomo. Uncompensated uila hoopii mai ai i ke kino, ka mea maloko, a mawaho hoʻopilikia e ku pono ana i kekahi i kekahi. Hookaawaleia, a laila, loaa ma ke ku pono ana i aoao o ke alakaʻi mele, maloko kahua ikaika, piʻi pū. E like me ka hopena, ua lilo 'Aʻohe. A laila, i ka 'āhewa' ana, ua 'O ke kaulike.

Pela a pau uncompensated kauoha i waho. Keia mea ua hoʻohana 'ia e kiʻi i ka electrostatic malu, mālama ia, mai ka aoao mai o kula. Ka mea, i hoonoho iho i loko o ka maka aha a me ka ili hale metala.

dielectrics

Waiwai me ka noa uila uku ole ma maʻamau rula (a laila, i ka wa a ka mahana mea,ʻaʻole i lanakila maluna o a me ka haahaa) i kapaia insulators. hiki ole ke (particles) i loko o keia hihia kona holo ana i ke kino, a ua 'oni iki wale iki. No laila, i ka uila 'āhewa' ana i ua hoʻopili.

Dielectrics i maheleia i loko o nā pūʻulu ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hakakino 'ole. ʻO nā lātoma o dielectrics o ka pae mua i asymmetrical. O nā ka mea mau i ka wai a me ka nitrobenzene, a me ka waiʻona. ʻO ko lākou maikaʻi a me ka hopena maikaʻi 'āhewa' ana mai i coincide. Ka mea hana me ka pila dipoles. Oia nā lātoma i manaoia Polar. Lākou uila manawa mea he finite waiwai no nā mea a pau i kekahi mau rula.

Ka lua o ka pūʻulu ninoieo o dielectrics, nona nā lātoma i ka symmetrical 'ole. Kēia paraffin, oxygen, naikokene. Noke a me ka hopena maikaʻi 'hoopii ka mea, i kekahi like manaʻo. Inā ole mawaho uila kahua, a me ka uila kūpenu iho ia i manawa mea i kahi e. Kēia 'ole-Polar nā lātoma.

Like 'āhewa' ana i loko o nā nā lātoma i loko o ka mawaho kula i offset ioauoa pahuna ma kekahiʻaoʻao. Ka mea, i iho i loko o dipoles, a kiʻi kekahi pila nui loa.

Dielectrics o ke kolu o ka pūʻulu i ke aniani 'ole o ka Ion.

Interestingly, ka mea hoi e like me ka kūpenu iho ia i loko o ka mawaho homogeneous kahua (no ka mea, o ka lātoma iloko olaila o nonpolar a me ka Polar dielectrics).

Kekahi kauoha kūpenu iho ia i haawi mai ka mana, kela mea keia mea o ka a i kekahi, a me ka ia Module, akā, he okoa kuhikuhi ana (ka mea e ku pono ana). Hana mau koa me ka ikehu ma lalo o ka hana ana o kekahi kūpenu iho ia i i mālama i ka huli no laila, i ke ala e hiki aku vectors coincide. E like me ka hopena, e loaa i ka mawaho kahua.

Ke ole-Polar dielectric mawaho uila ke kahua mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa. Nolaila, he lātoma devoid o ka pila minute. Ke Polar dielectric thermal noi ua i hanaʻia i loko o disarray. No ka mea, o keia uila minute i okoaʻaoʻao, a me kā lākou mau maʻi lele huina - 'Aʻohe. Ia mea, ke insulator mai he pila nui loa.

Dielectric i loko o kaʻaʻahu uila kahua

Dielectric i loko o kaʻaʻahu ka pila kahua. Ua ike mua ia ka dipoles - nā lātoma mea Polar a me ka 'ole-Polar dielectrics, a i kuhikuhi, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mawaho kahua. Lākou mau vectors i kauoha. A laila, i ka huina o na vectors mea ole 'Aʻohe, a me ka insulator mai he pila nui loa. Loko mea, ma laila nō nā maikaʻi a me ka hopena maikaʻi 'āhewa' ana i vzaimokompensirumy a me ka mea kokoke i kekahi i kekahi. No laila, i ka insulator a me ka malama ole loaa ia i ke kauoha.

Kue surfaces i uncompensated polarization 'āhewa' ana i ka mea like,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka dielectric mea polarized.

Inā e lawe i ionic insulator, a hoonoho iho la i loko o ka uila kula, ke aniani puka olu oia o Ion, ka mea, ua iki hoʻoneʻe. E like me ka hopena, he dielectric ionic loaa ka pila koke.

Ke polarization hewa ana i hoopiia mai ai kona uila ke kahua i ka mea i ku olelo i ka waho. No laila, i ka electrostatic ke kahua i ua ua loaʻa ma ka 'āhewa' ana i hoonoho ai ma ka insulator loaa ka emi o ka vacuo.

alakaʻi mele

A i kekahi mau kiʻi ua hanaʻia me ka conductors. Inā ka uila conductors hoonui i ka electrostatic kula, me he ala pikoʻikena, e like me ka hana ma luna o noa hoopii uila mana, e hoʻonui i ka helehelena o ke noi. Akā, ka mea, ua iʻike i ke kānāwai a pau o thermodynamic irreversibility, ka wā kekahi nui-ka unahiʻole, i loko o kaʻina hana o ka paʻa'ōnaehana a me ka neʻeʻana pono e ho'ōla pau, a me equilibrate i ka nenoaia.

Alakaʻi mele i loko o ka electrostatic kula - o ke kino o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, kahi o nā electrons hoʻomaka e neʻe aku i ka ikaika laina, a hoʻomaka i loaa ma ka hema. Alakaʻi mele'ākau lilo aku electrons, a loaa i ka maikaʻi kauoha. Ma ke kaawale ana o na hoopii ia, e loaʻa iā kona pila nui kahua. Keia ua kapaia electrostatic hoʻokomo.

Loko o ka alakaʻi mele o ka electrostatic kahua ikaika o 'Aʻohe, i mea oluolu e hooiaio mai ka neʻe hope.

Hiʻona o ka hana ka uku ole

Ke kauoha loaa ma luna o ke alakaʻi mele ili honua. A eia hoi, ka mea, ua haawi ai i ke kauoha nuʻa ua hoʻomōhala ma luna o kaʻilikai curvature. Eia ka mea e e oi aku i loko o nā wahi.

Conductors a semiconductors i ka curvature ma luna o ka loa huʻi huina penei, a ua hoʻokōʻia. Aia ua pū akula nō hoʻi i ka nui kauoha nuʻa. A me kona ulu ana a me ka ulu tensions ma laila. No laila, i kēia hana he ikaika ka pila kahua. Eia kahi mea akaka corona kauoha, ma muli o ia a paapu mai i ka 'āhewa' ana, mai ke alakaʻi mele.

Inā mākou e nānā i ke alakaʻi mele i loko o ka electrostatic ke kahua, a lawe akula ia i ka loko lilo, e hōʻike i ka lua. Mai keia mea, e hoʻololi, no ka mea, o ka mahinaʻai ka mea, ua ole, a aole loa e. No, i loko o ka lua ia mea,ʻaʻole ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana.

ka hopena

Mākou nānā 'na conductors a me dielectrics. Ano, e hiki maopopo lākou oko ao a me nā hiʻona o ka hōʻike 'ia nei ano ma ka like ana. No laila, ka mea, hoi loa okoa i loko o kaʻaʻahu ka pila kahua.