Ke kelepona hele kalapona, e hoʻonele, ke kelepona hele wahī

Ke ola ana o ka halepaahao manawa au, mai ka la aku o kona ho okumu ma ka mahele ana i makuahine aeea i kona mau mahele a me ka make ua kapaia ka manawa "aeea kalapona". I kona likeʻole kekahi aeea lōʻihi like 'ole. No ka laʻana, e hiki ke komo i ka halepaahao kalapona ma hope o kela 12-16 hola basal a me hematopoietic keena o ka mea liilii, a me ka naʻau liʻiliʻi epidermis, ka mea, proliferate koke ka makua meaola. Pōkole ola pōʻaiapuni o ke keena hope ma kahi o 30 minuke, e hana ana i kokololio e hoea o nā hua mai amphibians, echinoderms a me nā holoholona. A nui helu o ka laha 'ana ma aeea moʻomeheu mana keia, ke kelepona hele kalapona i ka pōkole lōʻihi like' ole o ka ma kahi o 20 minuke. Ma kekahi predominant nui o ka 'Imi ka mahele ana i keena lōʻihi like' ole au ma waena o mitoses mea mai ka 10 a hiki i 24 hola.

Nā kūlana a me nā manawa o ka halepaahao pōʻaiapuni. Cell kalapona o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu he mau manawa: interphase (i ka wā o ke kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala a me ka DNA) a me ka mitosis (aeea mahele kalapona). Interphase nā kekahi mau manawa:

1. G1-pae - he au o ka ulu, manawa a ke hoʻololi kemikala o nā polokina, RNA a me nā aeea constituents.

2. S-pae - i loko o kēia wā mawaena ia lŘlŘ interphase hui ma lalo hoʻololi kemikala o ka DNA lātoma o ka halepaahao nuclei a me ka a pāpālua hoʻi o intracellular organelles (centrioles);

3. G2-pae - he manawa manawa a he mea makaukau no ka mitosis.

In aeee i ole hou puunaue, G1-pae paha hoi ma kahi ee, i loko o kēia wā, ka mea, i loko o ka ilina pae (G0).

Ke kaʻina hana o ka halepaahao mahele (mitosis) he mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

1. Ka mahele o ka halepaahao nucleus - mitosis.

2. Ka mahele o ka halepaahao cytoplasm - cytokinesis.

Hooponopono o aeea hope. Loli o ka aeea kalapona paha ia lŘlŘ ka wā interacting nā polokina - cyclins a me cyclin-e kaukaʻi kinases. Keena ma ka G0 pae hiki ke komo i loko o ka loop ma lalo o ka aoao o nā ulu aʻe. Epidermal, a me ka platelet-loko kumumea i nā aʻalolo ulu ololi, i ka ikaika AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me receptors kipaku intracellular ka hōʻikeʻana'ōnaehana i hiki aku ai a hiki i ka Ekolu o'ōewe nā polokina. I ka ua kinases i e hana wale nō i loko o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me kekahi cyclins, ka maʻiʻo o ka i ua mau hoʻololi mawaena o ka pōʻaiapuni.

Hoʻohuikau o ka mea maʻamau rula o ka halepaahao kalapona alakai ana i ke kahua o ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa hikoko. No ka ho okumu ana o malignant hikoko ka p53 kumuʻiʻo i ke kuleana: ia stimulates kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala o ka p21, a ma ka huli inhibits ka CDK cyclin luna ', a inevitably hiki aku ai i ke kelepona hele kalapona hopu i G1, a G2 pae. Ka halepaahao me ka pōʻino, ua make DNA, aole ia i hele mai i loko o S. I ka pae ana o mutations alakai i ke poho a me ke ano e ana o ka kumuʻiʻo p53'ōewe 'aʻole i hoʻomaka ai, a aeea kalapona blockade komo mitosis, haawi ala i ka mutant keena, kekahi o i i pepehi, a me ka kekahi hapa alakai ana i ke kahua o ka malignant hikoko.

Cell-mediated e hoʻonele. Ke naoh o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana i kekahi stimulus, i kapaʻia ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pane ma i nā mea'aʻaʻa e ole ke komo pū o a me ka luna 'kau ana o nā polokina makana i loko o ke koko (hoʻokō'ōnaehana), i kapaʻia ma ka makahiki "kelepona hele e hoʻonele". Ua Ua kuhikuhiʻano nui e ku e microorganisms i koena ma phagocytes, a ku e microorganisms i iho mailoko o na keena. Pakahi aku la ia ia mea mana ma luna o nā mea hoʻomaʻi, fungi, protozoa, koʻohune, a me kaʻeho keena. ke kelepona hele'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana mea nui loa i loko o'aʻaʻa rejection.

Ke aeea pa. Keʻoʻoleʻa ke kelepona hele pa, waiho ka mawaho o ka cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi i hanaʻia palekana, mall, a amo oihana - ka mea, o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi. Aka ka mea, ua kapaia ka halepaahao pā, ka mea i noho i loko o ka hapanui o na koʻohune, fungi, mea kanu a me ka archaea. Like no na holoholona, a me na mea he nui o ka simplest, ka mea e mai i ka halepaahao pa.